间歇导尿在脊髓损伤患者中应用的护理体会

间歇导尿指在清洁的条件下定时将导尿管经尿道插入膀胱内,使膀胱有规律地排空尿液,其可有效减少脊髓损伤患者因留置导尿而带来的诸多并发症。护理过程中可教会患者及家属基本的操作方法和注意事项,以提高患者生活质量。1资料与方法1.1一般资料本科自2007年1月始在脊髓损伤患者中使     

间歇性导尿术对脊髓损伤患者尿路感染的影响

目的 探讨间歇性导尿术对脊髓损伤患者尿路感染的影响。方法 对31例脊髓损伤合并尿路感染患者采用间歇性导尿术进行膀胱功能训练,并分别于训练(留置导尿)前、间歇性导尿15 d、间歇性导尿30 d取患者尿液进行细菌培养及鉴定。结果 间歇性导尿 15 d、30 d的尿路感染(菌落计数≥1×10~5cfu/ml)发生率分别为38.7％和35.5％,明显低于留置导尿尿路感染发生率(100％),P<0.05;尿道细菌的种类相似,主要是 10株大肠埃希菌(占 32.26％)和 4株铜绿假单胞菌(占 12.9％)。结论 间歇性导尿术能降低脊髓损伤患者尿路感染的发生率,但对尿道细菌的种类影响不大。     

间歇导尿的研究进展

本文简要回顾间歇导尿的历史,着重阐述用于间歇导尿的导尿管种类、型号及其特点,特别是近年来为了减轻患者插管时的不适,减少尿路感染等并发症的发生,导尿管在材料和结构设计方面的改进。尿路感染的发生率和常见菌群因膀胱管理方法的不同而不同。清洁间歇导尿是公认的、最安全有效的膀胱管理方法。大量的临床研究表明,亲水涂层导尿管能减轻插管时对尿道黏膜的损伤,有利于减少尿路感染的发生。     

间歇性导尿术对脊髓损伤患者尿路感染的疗效评价

目的 评价间歇性导尿术在治疗脊髓损伤患者尿路感染中的作用.方法 将60例脊髓损伤并发尿路感染患者随机分成2组,治疗组(32例)采用敏感抗生素加用间歇性导尿术治疗,对照组(28例)单纯使用敏感抗生素治疗.疗程均为2周.结果 治疗组和对照组痊愈率分别为56%与29%,总有效率分别为91%与64%,细菌清除率分别为81%与57%,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 间歇性导尿术能够提高抗生素治疗脊髓损伤患者并发尿路感染的疗效,对各种神经原性膀胱引起的尿路感染治疗也具有重要意义.     

脊髓损伤病人的间歇导尿术的应用护理

目的探讨脊髓损伤患者间歇导尿的护理管理.方法 36例脊髓损伤患者均采用间歇导尿术.结果 34例患者通过间歇导尿术建立了反射性膀胱,可自主控制排尿.结论间歇导尿术对于脊髓损伤患者具有重要的康复治疗意义.     

脊髓损伤患者间歇导尿时的尿路感染及预防

间歇导尿对于脊髓损伤患者可减少膀胱残余尿量 ,促进膀胱储尿和排尿功能的恢复[1 3 ] 。本文探讨了间歇导尿前及导尿期间下尿路感染 (ｌｏｗｅｒｕｒｉｎａｒｙｔｒａｃｔｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＬＵＴＩ)和菌尿的防治。1临床资料10 0例脊髓损伤患者 ,其中男性 82例 ,女性 18例 ,年龄 12— 6 6岁 ,平均 35 .6岁。颈髓损伤 4 2例 ,胸腰髓损伤 5 8例。病程 10天— 2 .3年 ,采用留置导尿开放引流者 94例 ,叩击排尿者 6例。导尿管留置最长时间2年。2方法与结果ＬＵＴＩ的诊断标准 :①发热 ;②尿常规检查 ,ＷＢＣ>10 /高倍镜视野 ;③细菌培养有致病…     

亲水涂层导尿管在脊髓损伤病人间歇导尿中的应用

<正>脊髓损伤(SCI)是指由于各种原因引起的脊髓结构、功能的损害,造成损伤水平以下运动、感觉、自主神经功能障碍。间歇性导尿(IC)是指在无菌或清洁的条件下,定时将尿管经尿道插入膀胱内,使膀胱能够有规律地排空尿液的方法[1]。间歇性导尿是基于膀胱正常生理机能以及神经反射机制的理论而创立的一种针对神经源性膀胱障碍的临床护理实践;可以减少病人肾     

脊髓损伤病人间歇导尿的护理进展

脊髓损伤病人神经膀胱功能失调表现为尿潴留和尿失禁,如不采取护理措施,则会因此而延长康复进程,降低患者的生存质量,甚至继发严重并发症导致患者死亡。     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."     

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Mycobacteroides (Mycobacterium) abscessus complex,Mycolicibacterium (Mycobacterium) fortuitum,and Mycobacteroides (Mycobacterium) chelonae

The drug susceptibility of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) varies among isolates. Treatment strategies similarly differ depending on the isolate, and for some, no clear strategy has been identified. This complicates clinical management of RGM. Following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standard M24-A2, we assessed the susceptibility of 140 RGM isolates to 14 different antimicrobial drugs by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). We also investigated the correlation of clarithromycin (CAM) MICs with the erm(41) and rrl gene mutations in the Mycobacteroides (Mycobacterium) abscessus complex, the rrl mutation in Mycobacteroides (Mycobacterium) chelonae, and the erm(39) mutation in Mycolicibacterium (Mycobacterium) fortuitum to determine the contribution of these mutations to CAM susceptibility. The five species and subspecies examined included 48 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus isolates (34.3%), 35 (25.0%) being M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, and two (1.4%) being M. abscessus subsp. bolletii. The M. abscessus complex accounted for 85 isolates (60.7%) in total, whereas 43 isolates (30.7%) were M. fortuitum, and 12 (8.6%) were M. chelonae. Our results demonstrated species-specific susceptibility to antimicrobials. In most cases, susceptibility to CAM could be predicted based on genetic pattern, but since one isolate did not fit that pattern, MIC values needed to be measured. Some isolates also exhibited rates of resistance to other drugs that differed from those previously reported in other locations, indicating that accurate identification of the bacterial isolate and use of the correct method for determining MIC are both important for the diagnosis of RGM.     

Brief history of quality movement in US healthcare

The current healthcare quality improvement infrastructure is a product of a century long experience of cumulative efforts. It began with an acknowledgement of the role of quality in healthcare, and gradually evolved to encompass the prioritization of quality improvement and the development of systems to monitor, quantify, and incentivize quality improvement in healthcare. We review the origins and the evolution of the US healthcare quality movement, identify existing initiatives specific to musculoskeletal care, outline significant challenges and opportunities, and propose recommendations for the future. Elements noted to be associated with successful healthcare quality improvement efforts include the presence of physician leadership, infrastructural support, and prioritization of healthcare quality within the culture of the organization. Issues that will require continued work include the development of a valid and reliable evidence base, accurate and replicable performance measurement and data collection methods, and development of a standard set of specialty specific performance metrics, with accurate provider attribution, risk adjustment and reporting mechanisms.     

血清基质金属蛋白酶13及其抑制因子在绝经后妇女骨代谢中的浓度变化

目的 测定绝经后妇女血清基质金属蛋白酶-13 (MMP-13)和组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子1(TIMP-1)浓度,并探讨其与骨密度数值和骨代谢指标的关系.方法 选取武汉地区120名48 ～ 65岁绝经后女性,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清MMP-13、TIMP-1以及雌二醇(E2)、骨保护蛋白(OPG)、骨保护蛋白配体(OPGL),Ⅰ型原胶原N端前肽(PINP)和Ⅰ型胶原交联C末端肽(CTX)的浓度,计算MMP-13/TIMP-1比值,用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)测定腰椎正位、股骨颈、华氏区和大粗隆的骨密度(BMD).同时,按照WHO标准将入选女性分为骨密度正常组(n=28)、低骨量组(n=36)和骨质疏松组(n=56).结果 骨密度正常组、低骨量组和骨质疏松组MMP-13浓度比较差异有统计学意义[(27.08±1.41) μg/L、(45.64±1.62)μg/L及(44.25±1.21) μg/L;F=110.314,P=0.000],且低骨量组、骨质疏松组血清MMP-13均高于正常组(P均＜0.05),低骨量组MMP-13略高于骨质疏松组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而TIMP-1在3组间差异无统计学意义(F=10.721,P=0.801).MMP-13/IIMP-1比值分别为0.185±0.062,0.311±0.053,0.332±0.063,3组差异有统计学意义(F=137.771,P =0.000),且低骨量组与骨质疏松组均高于骨密度正常组(P均＜0.05),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).骨质疏松组中血清MMP-13与骨密度(腰椎正位、股骨颈、华氏区)、血清E2、OPGL数值存在明显负相关性(r值分别为-0.296、-0.198、-0.301、-0.298、-0.233,P均＜0.05),和OPG、PINP和CTX存在明显正相关性(r值分别为0.228、0.315、0.312,P均＜0.05).低骨量组MMP-13与骨密度(腰椎正位、华氏区)和E2、CTX存在明显相关性(r值分别为-0.188、-0.196、-0.235、0.289,P均＜0.05).结论 血清MMP-13和MMP-13/TIMP-1比值与绝经后骨质疏松症妇女和绝经后低骨量组妇女骨代谢指标具有关联性.血清MMP-13浓度升高和MMP-13/TIMP-1比值升高可能为绝经后骨质疏松症和绝经后妇女早期骨代谢转换过程增快的表现.     

Treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy: opportunities and challenges

Control of malaria in pregnancy through prevention or treatment may save lives of mothers and babies. Selection of drugs for treatment of infected pregnant women, or for prevention in exposed populations is problematic owing to resistance to established drugs and lack of pregnancy-specific safety and pharmacological data for new drugs. Encouragingly, a number of new drugs and combinations of drugs hold promise for effective treatment, but adequate data on their safety in pregnancy is currently lacking. Our principal challenges are to decide which drugs to develop for use in malaria treatment and prevention in pregnancy and to develop mechanisms to rapidly and comprehensively evaluate their safety. Prevention of pregnancy malaria by vaccination may also become possible, but targets must be closely defined, and strategies developed to test candidates against meaningful end points.