肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗大肝癌45例分析

肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)是目前治疗大肝癌的主要手段之一,但常因局部复发及肝功能损伤而影响疗效。近年来射频消融治疗(RFA)因损伤小、疗效确切、安全性高而广泛应用于肝癌的临床治疗。本文通过对45例原发性巨块型肝癌行TACE联合RFA治疗,取得了较好的疗效,现     

TOCE联合HIFU治疗原发性肝癌疗效的CT评价

目的用CT评价TOCE联合HIFU治疗原发性肝癌的疗效。方法46例接受TOCE联合HIFU治疗的原发性肝癌为研究组,比较治疗前后的CT表现;随机选出同期46例单纯TOCE治疗的患者为对照组,进行对比分析。结果研究组37例(37/46,80.4％)病灶体积缩小,缩小率为(27.25±19.89)％;对照组28例(28/46,61.8％)病灶体积缩小,缩小率为(11.89±15.96)％。研究组栓塞灶周边复发5例,对照组15例。研究组肝内转移灶15例,对照组16例。在已栓塞灶瘤体大小变化及局部复发方面,前者优于后者,在肝内转移方面无明显差异。结论TOCE联合HIFU是治疗原发性肝癌的一种有效方法,CT在其疗效及预后判断中具有重要价值。     

介入化疗栓塞协同高能聚焦超声治疗原发性肝癌临床疗效分析

目的:研究介入化疗栓塞(TACE)协同高能聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗失去手术切除的原发性肝癌临床疗效及安全性.方法:应用TACE加HIFU肿瘤治疗机治疗(TACE+HIFU组)原发性肝癌25例患者,单纯行TACE 30例(TACE组)和单纯HIFU治疗的患者25例(HIFU组).观察各组治疗后肿瘤变化、生存时间、甲胎蛋白变化及临床症状改善情况.以x2检验法比较组间差异.结果:TACE+HIFU组治疗后显效7例(28.0%),有效15例(60.0%),无效3例(12.0%);TACE组治疗后显效4例(13.3%),有效8例(26.7%),无效18例(60.0%)(P<0.05);HIFU组治疗后显效2例(8.0%),有效7例(28.0%),无效16例(64.0%)(P<0.05).所有患者无皮肤灼伤、出血/血肿、空腔脏器穿孔及心肺等并发症.结论:TACE协同HIFU治疗原发性肝癌是安全有效的局部治疗方法,且疗效优于单纯TACE治疗及单纯HIFU治疗.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的临床观察

目的观察肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)联合射频消融术(RFA)治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。方法 72例原发性肝癌患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各36例。对照组患者给予TACE,观察组患者给予TACE联合RFA。比较两组治疗后甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平变化及近、远期临床疗效。结果观察组AFP下降较对照组更明显(t=8.22,P0.05),且近期疗效有效率优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=5.17,P0.05)。观察组患者1年生存率及2年生存率高于对照组为(均P0.05)。结论 TACE联合RFA治疗原发性肝癌与单纯TACE比较,可进一步提高临床疗效并改善患者的预后。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗106例肝癌临床疗效的初步研究

目的观察高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗肝癌的临床疗效。方法HIFU治疗肝癌106例,比较患者治疗前后瘤体体积、临床症状、甲胎蛋白、CT检查结果,并追踪生存时间。结果HIFU治疗后,肝脏肿瘤体积缩小（P〈0．01）,CT显示治疗靶区坏死明确,周围邻近脏器未见明显损伤,治疗区CT值降低（P〈0．01）,动脉期、门脉期无强化或强化减弱。临床症状明显改善,甲胎蛋白转阴或明显降低（P〈0．01）。患者的生存期明显延长。结论HIFU是一有效的无创性治疗肝癌的新方法。     

HBsAg致敏树突状细胞治疗原发性肝癌合并HBV感染临床研究

目的　观察HBsAg致敏树突状细胞治疗原发性肝癌合并HBV感染的疗效。方法　通过双盲法随机设立治疗组和对照组,治疗结束后,随访1年,观察两组治疗前后甲胎蛋白定量、HBV DNA定量、特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)杀伤率和肝功能变化以及两组的复发转移率,生活质量及中位生存期情况。结果　与对照组比较甲胎蛋白定量、HBV DNA定量、特异性CTL杀伤率及复发和转移率差异均有显著性意义(P<0. 01);肝功能改善情况治疗组均明显优于对照组(P<0. 05);生活质量评分及中位生存期治疗组明显高于对照组(P<0. 01);同时甲胎蛋白滴度下降与HBV DNA滴度下降成正相关。结论　HBsAg致敏树突状细胞治疗原发性肝癌合并HBV感染,可达到治疗肝癌、预防肿瘤复发及转移、提高患者生活质量和延长患者生存期的目的。     

手术切除、射频消融及海扶刀治疗结直肠癌肝转移患者的不同预后比较

目的比较肝切除术(HR),射频消融(RFA)和海扶刀(HIFU)治疗结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)的不同预后。方法我院经HR、RFA及HIFU治疗的CRLM患者71例,提取患者临床一般资料、诊断、治疗、病理结果、随访无复发生存率(RFS)和总生存率(OS)进行分析。结果 41例HR,20例RFA,10例HIFU进行了有效随访。HR和RFA组及HR和HIFU组的复发模式差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。HR组与HIFU组OS、RFS差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),HR组与RFA组OS、RFS差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。多因素分析显示转移灶的治疗和肝转移灶数目是预后的独立预测因子。结论 RFA治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效与HR相似,HIFU治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效低于HR治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效。     

超声造影在HIFU治疗原发性肝癌疗效评价中的应用价值

目的 通过超声造影对HIFU治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)的观察,了解超声造影对HIFU疗效的评价作用,并进一步指导HIFU的治疗. 方法 68例肝癌患者(89个病灶)随机分为A、B两组,其中A组41例(55个病灶)治疗前及治疗后10 min进行超声造影检查,观察肿瘤组织血供情况,了解肿瘤组织内部有无残留血供和遗漏病灶,并对未完全灭活的病灶针对性地进行HIFU补充治疗;B组27例(34个病灶)为对照组.观察治疗的安全性及治疗前后临床症状、肝功能、AFP等各项指标的变化. 结果 HIFU治疗后行超声造影发现A组24个病灶未完全灭活并进行补充治疗.全部患者均无严重并发症出现,治疗后A、B两组患者甲胎蛋白值下降率分别为83.3％、59.7％;半年、1年、2年生存率分别为100％、89.7％、85.3％和85.2％、75.0％、61.5％;两组差别均具有统计学(P＜0.05)意义. 结论 实时超声造影对HIFU治疗原发性肝癌进行疗效的评价并指导补充治疗有利于病灶的完全灭活,可以缓解临床症状,改善生活质量,延长生存期,具有较好的临床应用价值.     

原发性肝癌经高强度聚焦超声治疗后并发症分析

目的 通过高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗原发性肝癌的并发症分析,探讨HIFU治疗肝癌最佳适应证.方法 对59例接受HIFU治疗的肝癌患者HIFU术中、术后的各种局部及全身并发症进行观察.结果 最常见的并发症为皮肤烧伤,本组所有病例均出现不同程度的皮肤烧伤,其次为疼痛,其他局部损害或全身反应则较少见.结论 HIFU属微创性治疗方法,但HIFU治疗肝癌具有一定的并发症.分析并发症的成因对HIFU治疗肝癌适应证的选择有一定意义.     

三维适形大分割放射治疗中晚期肝癌患者的临床疗效

目的观察三维适形大分割放射治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效。方法对54例经病理证实的原发性肝癌患者行三维适形大分割放疗并同步FOLFOX4方案化疗,治疗前后行增强CT、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)比较,观察肿瘤靶区体积、ALT和AFP变化。结果治疗前后肿瘤平均直径明显缩小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝功能中ALT治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血液检查中AFP治疗后明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。放疗后1、2、3年存活率分别为66.7%、40.3%、29.0%,中位生存时间19个月。放疗过程中有38例出现恶心、呕吐、食欲减弱等消化道反应,19例出现白细胞降低,未发生Ⅲ～Ⅳ度骨髓抑制。结论三维适形大分割放射治疗能明显提高中晚期肝癌局部控制率和生存率。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.