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1.
Tei指数对妊娠早中期胎儿心室功能的评估   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的测量妊娠早中期胚胎/胎儿心脏的Tei指数,观察与胎龄的关系,初步评估其临床应用价值。方法胎龄为7~15周胚胎/胎儿165例,胎龄小于12周的胚胎/胎儿采用阴道超声,胎龄大于12周的胎儿采用阴道超声或腹部超声,应用脉冲多普勒技术获取左室流入、流出道血流流速频谱,分别测量等容收缩时间(ICT)、等容舒张时间(IRT)、射血时间(ET),根据公式计算Tei指数,分析Tei指数与胎龄之间的关系。结果妊娠早期,Tei指数随胎龄增大而减小,妊娠9周流出道流速波形变为双峰(a峰出现),Tei指数明显较前缩短;妊娠中期Tei指数的变化与胎龄无关。结论妊娠早期胎儿心脏的整体功能随胎龄的增大明显改善,妊娠中期胎儿心脏整体功能相对稳定;Tei指数测量方法简单,快捷、可靠,是评价妊娠早中期胎儿心功能的理想指标。  相似文献   

2.
应用多普勒超声评价11~14周胎儿心脏功能的价值   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的应用多普勒技术观察妊娠11+0~14+6周正常胎儿心脏的血流动力学状态,获得该孕周正常胎儿心脏的血流动力学参数。方法对230位正常妊娠孕妇在11+0~14+6周进行经腹超声检查,同时观察胎儿心脏血流动力学参数。结果二、三尖瓣的血流A峰高于E峰,三尖瓣E峰及A峰血流速度明显高于二尖瓣血流,二、三尖瓣血流速度与孕周之间无相关性,但E/A比值与孕周之间呈正相关;左右心室舒张时间和收缩时间与孕周之间呈正相关,左右心室等容舒张时间与孕周之间呈负相关,而等容收缩时间与孕周之间无明显相关性。TI指数反映心室的收缩功能,左右心室的TI指数与孕周之间呈负相关,左心室TI指数稍高于右心室,两者之间有统计学差异。结论妊娠13周以后,胎儿的心脏显示率较高,可进行心脏超声心动检查;在胎儿期右心功能稍高于左心功能,主要反映在三尖瓣流速高于二尖瓣,右心室等容收缩时间和收缩时间较左心室长等方面。当胎儿心脏血流动力学发生改变,则可能预示胎儿心脏功能异常或结构异常。  相似文献   

3.
正常胎儿彩色多普勒超声心动图分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的获得正常胎儿心脏彩色多普勒超声心动图的各种参数。方法应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,对胎龄20~40周300例正常胎儿的四腔室内径和各瓣口峰值血流速度进行了检测。结果胎儿心脏内径的大小与胎龄呈正相关,右心系统占优势。各瓣口峰值血流速度随胎龄的增加而升高,左室低于右室;房室瓣口呈双峰型频谱,E峰小于A峰,而主、肺动脉瓣口呈单峰型频谱伴峰值前移,主动脉瓣口血流高于肺动脉。结论彩色多普勒超声心动图对于胎儿心脏的解剖结构和血流动力学检测具有很高的价值。  相似文献   

4.
目的测量妊娠中晚期孤立性心包积液胎儿心脏的Tei指数,观察与胎龄的关系,初步评估其临床应用价值。方法经超声检查诊断为孤立性心包积液的胎儿51例。应用组织多普勒技术分别测量左、右心室的等容收缩时间(ICT)、等容舒张时间(IRT)、射血时间(ET),根据公式计算Tei指数,并与对照组进行比较,同时分析Tei指数与胎龄之间的关系。结果正常中晚期妊娠胎儿的Tei指数随胎龄增大而减小,少量心包积液胎儿Tei指数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,中量及大量心包积液胎儿Tei指数与对照组比较有明显统计学差异。结论正常妊娠中晚期胎儿心脏的心肌做功指数随胎龄的增大明显改善,妊娠中晚期有少量心包积液的胎儿心脏心肌做功指数正常,而中量及大量心包积液胎儿的心脏心肌做功指数减低;Tei指数测量方法简单、快捷、可靠,是评价妊娠期心包积液胎儿心功能和预后的理想指标。  相似文献   

5.
产前超声检测中孕期胎儿心脏发育   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的 建立21~25孕周正常胎儿心脏解剖结构及血流动力学情况的正常参考值范围。方法 采用节段分析法对203胎中孕期(21~25周)正常妊娠单胎胎儿行超声心动图检查,测定心脏房室、肺动脉、主动脉、动脉导管内径及房室瓣血流速度、半月瓣血流速度、动脉导管血流速度及静脉导管血流速度。对各测量值与孕周行直线回归分析。结果 ①心脏各房室、大血管及动脉导管内径随孕周增加而增大;②肺动脉与升主动脉内径比值不随孕周改变;③房室瓣口血流峰值流速不随孕周改变;④三尖瓣及二尖瓣血流A峰大于E峰;⑤半月瓣口、动脉导管、静脉导管血流峰值流速随孕周增加而增大。结论 建立21~25孕周胎儿心血管各结构内径及血流动力学的正常参考值范围,可为筛查胎儿先天性心脏病提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
经阴道二维,彩色血流多普勒在早期妊娠的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文研究目的是了解经阴道二维,彩色血流多普勒在早期妊娠的诊断价值。149例人流患者自愿接受本项检查。研究结果表明,经阴道超声(TVS)对早期妊娠结构,如孕囊、卵黄囊、胎心搏动,胎头及胎体辨别、颅骨、脊柱、心脏等均较经腹部超声(TAS),提前1~2周显示,且结构更清晰。经阴道彩色多普勒(TVCD)在早期妊娠全部病例均可测到双侧子宫动脉血流,97%测到滋养层血流,78%可测到妊娠黄体血流,5周以后92%可测到胎儿主动脉血流,7周以后88%可测到脐动脉血流,9周以后可测到脑动脉血流。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨孕20~34周正常胎儿各孕周心脏房室瓣口、大动脉瓣口、胎儿静脉系统及重要生理通道的血流峰值速度随孕龄增长的变化规律。方法 回顾性分析2529名孕龄20~34周的正常单胎胎儿超声心动图资料,应用回归分析检测各参数与孕龄的相关性。结果 正常胎儿二尖瓣口和三尖瓣口舒张早期E峰、舒张晚期A峰和E峰/A峰,主动脉瓣口和肺动脉瓣口收缩期峰值流速,主动脉弓横弓部和动脉导管收缩期峰值流速和舒张期峰值流速,肺静脉左心房开口处收缩期S峰、舒张期D峰和心房收缩期A峰均随孕周增加略有增加;下腔静脉收缩期S峰、舒张期D峰及心房收缩期A峰无明显变化。上述胎儿血流动力学参数均与孕周存在相关关系(P均<0.05)。结论 胎儿超声心动图技术可评价心脏血流动力学状态,为胎儿超声心动图检查提供指导。  相似文献   

8.
目的应用超声心动图评估双胎妊娠并发症孕妇左心结构和功能随孕周增长的变化规律。方法选取经我院定期产前检查诊断的双胎妊娠并发症孕妇20例(病例组)和正常双胎妊娠孕妇50例(对照组),均于妊娠早中期(孕11~14周)、妊娠中期(孕21~26周)及妊娠晚期(孕28~34周)行常规产前超声检查和成人超声心动图检查,对病例组孕妇的左心结构和功能进行纵向研究,并与对照组各相关参数进行比较。结果两组孕妇左房舒张末期内径均随孕周增加而增大,其中病例组左房收缩末期内径在妊娠中晚期显著增加,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组二尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值速度与二尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰值速度比值(E/e’)均随孕周增长而升高,但病例组心输出量、心脏指数、心率及左室射血分数(LVEF)随孕周增加无明显变化;与对照组比较,病例组妊娠早中期LVEF低,妊娠中期Tei指数高,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论双胎妊娠并发症孕妇左房舒张、收缩末期内径随孕周增大而增加,心输出量、心脏指数、心率随孕周增大未出现正常适应性改变,妊娠早中期即表现为左室收缩末期内径增高、LVEF降低,妊娠中期心脏整体功能较差。  相似文献   

9.
研究背景 胎儿超声心动图作为一种对胎儿及母体均无创伤的检查方法在临床逐渐得到推广应用。妊娠期母体合并症及胎儿畸形均可引起胎儿形态、发育及血流动力学改变。明确不同孕周正常胎儿的生长发育状态及血流动力学特点对发现胎儿期异常变化意义重大。目的 本研究通过对正常胎儿心脏径线及血流速度与孕周关系的研究,初步探讨应用二维超声心动图研究胎儿心脏发育趋势及其临床价值。方法 回顾性分析386例经二维超声心动图检查获得的胎儿心脏测量数据,统计分析心脏横径、左右房室横径、主动脉内径、肺动脉内径、主动脉及肺动脉流速、动脉导管舒张期和收缩期流速随孕周变化关系,分析正常胎儿心脏发育趋势,比较胎儿左右房室大小。结果 ①除胎心率与孕周无明显线性相关外,其他参数与孕周之间均呈线性正相关,随孕周增长而增大;心脏横径与孕周间的线性相关最明显,动脉导管舒张期流速受孕周影响最不明显;②右心房横径与左心房横径、右心室横径与左心室横径间差异有统计学意义,右心系统横径大于左心系统横径;③心脏横径/孕周比值均数为0.9562±0.1426,接近1.0。心脏横径/胸廓横径均数为0.4769±0.3023,接近0.5。结论 二维超声心动图可作为胎儿心脏发育评估的手段。随着胎儿超声心动技术的逐步开展应用,超声影像技术的不断发展,对胎儿心脏发育与血流动力学变化的研究将越来越深入,胎儿超声心动技术应用也将越来越广泛。  相似文献   

10.
胎儿超声心动图研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
本文利用超声心动图(Echo)及彩色多普勒(CFI)研究300例胎儿不同孕期心脏解剖结构、血流动力学情况及先天性心脏病发病率。其中200例经出生后复查证实心内结构正常的胎儿,测定其不同孕期(17~42W)的房室大小、卵圆孔、肺动脉、主动脉,测定房室瓣血流速度,半月瓣血流速度,加速时间,射血时间及其比值,每搏量及排血量。结果:1.心脏心腔大小随孕周增加而增大;2.各瓣口血流速度不随胎龄改变;3.心脏每搏量及排血量及胎儿生长发育呈正相关;4.主动脉瓣及肺动脉瓣血流加速时间(AT)相等,AT/射血时间=0.3;5.三尖瓣及二尖瓣血流A峰>E峰,A/E>1;6.300例胎儿检出先天性心脏病10例。结论:胎儿心脏右心占优势,胎儿循环处于高阻力状态,胎儿心室顺应性低下,先天性心脏病发病率为3.3%。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

14.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

16.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

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