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1.
目的 探讨肝移植后缺血性胆道病变(ITBL)区别于正常胆道及其他胆道并发症的超声造影表现.方法 选择正常健康者18例;无并发症移植肝18例;移植肝胆道并发症36例分为2组:①非ITBL组12例,包括3例胆管吻合口狭窄、4例胆管炎、1例胆泥和4例急性排异反应;②ITBL组24例.进行肝门部胆管超声造影(CEUS)检查.2名超声医生共同分析CEUS图像,记录胆管壁、肝动脉和肝实质增强时间及不同时期增强水平,总结各组肝门部胆管壁CEUS增强特点.结果 ①增强时间:除11例ITBL和1例非ITBL并发症患者胆管壁始终无增强外,其余胆管壁的开始增强时间均早于肝实质.②增强水平:动脉期,正常健康者、无并发症移植肝、非ITBL组胆管壁主要表现为等或高增强,两两比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ITBL与上述三组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),主要表现为无或低增强.结论 动脉期胆管壁无或低增强是肝移植后ITBL区别于正常健康者、无并发症移植肝、非ITBL的主要特点,这或许可以成为诊断ITBL的CEUS诊断指标.  相似文献   

2.
肝移植缺血性胆道病变的超声造影研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 探讨实时超声造影技术诊断肝移植术后缺血性胆道病变(ITBL)的临床应用价值.方法 25例经内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影或经皮肝穿刺胆道造影确诊,超声疑为胆道并发症的移植肝接受超声造影检查.以增厚最明显的肝门部胆管壁为观察目标,分析胆管壁增强特点.结果 胆管壁造影表现可分3类:①胆管壁无增强者6例,即胆管壁在动脉期、门脉期及延迟期均无增强;②胆管壁低增强水平者4例,即胆管壁在动脉期呈低增强,门脉期及延迟期持续低增强或消退为无增强;③胆管壁高增强水平者15例,即胆管壁在动脉期呈高或等增强,门脉期及延迟期消退为等或低增强.25例确诊病例中包括13例ITBL和12例非ITBL.ITBL组胆管壁无或低增强水平者10例(76.9%),高增强水平者3例(23.1%);非ITBL组均为高增强水平者,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.00).结论 超声造影检测胆管壁微循环灌注具有可行性,有可能为临床提供一种全新的从微血管层面诊断ITBL的影像学手段.  相似文献   

3.
目的 用超声造影(CEUS)技术观察肝移植术后缺血性胆管病变(ITBL)的肝脏血流灌注特征.方法 收集肝移植术后临床确诊为ITBL的患者39例,根据二维超声检查是否有肝内胆管扩张分为无胆管扩张缺血组(22例)和胆管扩张缺血组(17例),对照组为恢复正常的肝移植患者.分别对ITBL患者及对照组患者行CEUS检查,比较各组之间造影参数的差异,分析ITBL患者的肝脏血流灌注特征.结果 胆管扩张缺血组与对照组肝实质峰值增强强度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),峰值斜率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),无胆管扩张缺血组与对照组肝实质峰值增强强度和峰值斜率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 肝移植术后发生ITBL的患者较肝移植后正常的患者肝实质血流灌注有所减低,CEUS可较常规超声更为敏感地检测到这种改变,CEUS是一种早期诊断ITBL的有前景的新技术.  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)对肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄的诊断价值.方法 对50例原位肝移植术后临床及超声怀疑肝动脉狭窄的受体行CEUS检查,以数字减影血管造影(DSA)、计算机断层成像血管造影(CTA)或临床+超声随访为参考标准.两名阅读者在不知道参考标准结果的情况下对CEUS图像进行评估,评估内容包括肝动脉狭窄程度(轻度,狭窄<50%;中度,狭窄50%~75%;重度,狭窄>75%)、狭窄类型(单发、多发)以及狭窄部位,中度和重度狭窄定义为有临床意义的肝动脉狭窄.结果 CTA或DSA诊断肝动脉狭窄39例,另8例经CTA证实为轻度或无狭窄,3例经临床+超声随访证实肝动脉无明显狭窄.CEUS诊断有临床意义的肝动脉狭窄38例(重度狭窄11例,中度狭窄27例),CEUS纠正彩色多普勒超声上的假阳性病例9例(9/50,18.0%),CEUS诊断肝动脉狭窄的准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为90.0%、92.3%、81.8%、94.7%和75.0%.结论 CEUS是一种无创、准确诊断肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄的方法,CEUS能准确评估肝动脉的狭窄程度、狭窄类型和狭窄部位,为临床处理提供重要参考信息.  相似文献   

5.
目的:对比研究并总结肝内胆管细胞癌超声造影(CEUS)和增强CT(CECT)的增强特征。方法:回顾性分析经超声引导下穿刺活检病理证实的26例患者的30个肝内胆管细胞癌的CEUS和CECT图像,分别比较两种方法的增强时间、动脉期增强模式、增强特点及诊断符合率。增强时间观察始增时间与廓清时间。动脉期的增强模式为1~3级:1级:周边增强;2级:不均匀增强;3级:整体均匀增强。增强特点为动脉期分支状高增强、廓清范围较常规超声范围扩大、门脉期片状强化及延迟期持续向心性强化。结果:30个肝内胆管细胞癌,CEUS始增时间和廓清时间均较早,始增时间均<30 s,廓清时间均<60 s,CECT从30 s开始断层扫描,无法获得病灶准确的始增时间点和廓清时间点。CEUS和CECT动脉期增强模式均以乏血供(1或2级)为主,分别为25个和27个,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CEUS动脉期分支状高增强、廓清范围较常规超声范围扩大的增强特点多于CECT,CECT门脉期片状强化、延迟期持续向心性强化的增强特点多于CEUS,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。肝内胆管细胞癌的CEUS和CECT诊断符合率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肝内胆管细胞癌的CEUS和CECT增强特征不同,并且熟练掌握两种方法的增强特征能有效提高诊断效能。  相似文献   

6.
肝移植术后胆管狭窄的超声表现   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 了解肝移植术后胆管狭窄的超声表现.方法 采用超声观察41例肝移植术后胆管狭窄患者肝内外胆管有无扩张及其内径、胆管壁厚度及其回声,并与46例肝移植术后无胆管并发症者比较.结果 胆管狭窄组的肝内胆管内径、胆管壁厚度、肝内胆管扩张和胆管壁回声增强的发生率均大于无胆管并发症组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 肝移植术后出现肝内胆管扩张、胆管壁增厚及回声增强、胆管腔变细等征象,对于胆管狭窄的诊断有重要价值.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨超声造影到达时间成像(P-MFI)在肝移植后缺血性胆管炎诊断中的应用价值。方法收集38例临床确诊的缺血性胆管炎(ITBL)病例,60例肝移植术后正常病例,12例健康对照组,分别对各组病例进行肝脏的超声造影检查,并对图像进行后处理,得到P-MFI图像。观察比较各组到达时间图像特征,2名医师对超声造影动态图像及到达时间成像进行诊断信心评分。结果健康对照组图像与肝移植术后正常组特征:肝动脉首先显影为红色,胆管壁与门静脉管壁紧随其后:颜色多为黄绿色或绿色,最后是门静脉与大部分肝实质显影为深蓝或紫色,胆管壁显示清晰。缺血性胆管炎组特征:肝动脉首先显影为红色,门静脉壁随后显影,为黄色或绿色,胆管壁随后显影为绿色(4例),见零星点状绿色显示(6例),颜色显示为稀疏深蓝或紫色(14例),胆管壁无颜色填充(14例),大部分病例胆管壁显影较晚,充填不完整。门静脉及肝实质显影,多为蓝色或蓝紫色。对于ITBL组,两位医师对超声造影与P-MFI的诊断评分均具有统计学差异(0.000,0.000);对照组中两位医师对超声造影与P-MFI的诊断评分均无统计学差异(0.050,0.083)。诊断ITBL敏感性,特异度及准确性由68.4%、100%、89.1%提高至89.5%、100%、96.4%(医师1),由57.9%、94.4%、97.2%提高至89.5%、97.2%、94.5%(医师2)。两位评价者一致性较高(Kappa=0.811)。结论超声造影到达时间成像技术融合时间参数,更直观、清晰的显示组织、病变的血流灌注情况,大大丰富了超声造影的临床应用范围、超声造影必将在临床发挥更大的作用。  相似文献   

8.
目的以微血管密度(MVD)作为"金标准",探讨超声造影(CEUS)检测胆管缺血及其程度的可行性。方法对20只健康新西兰兔行胆管取材,进行CD34免疫组化染色后定量分析MVD,建立正常及缺血胆管壁MVD定量标准。另取健康新西兔30只,其中10只兔建立胆管缺血模型;10只兔进行假手术处理;另外10只兔不进行外科处理。30只兔均进行CEUS检查,分别记录胆总管、左中叶胆管及右中叶胆管共90条胆管壁CEUS增强模式。CEUS后处死动物取相应胆管节段进行MVD定量分析,并根据所建立的MVD定量标准,记录正常、轻度缺血及重度缺血胆管壁CEUS增强模式。结果正常胆管壁MVD值5.84,轻度缺血胆管壁MVD值为4.54~5.84,重度缺血胆管壁MVD值4.54。根据此MVD定量标准,52条正常胆管壁CEUS主要表现为动脉期高增强。缺血胆管壁CEUS增强水平降低;14条轻度缺血胆管壁增强模式为动脉期等增强,门脉期呈等或低增强;24条重度缺血胆管壁增强模式为动脉期低或无增强,或动脉期等增强而门脉期呈无增强。结论 CEUS及其增强模式反映胆管血供及其缺血程度;CEUS可用于临床无创性检测胆管血供相关疾病。  相似文献   

9.
目的分析总结肝移植术后肝动脉并发症伴侧支形成超声造影(CEUS)表现,探讨CEUS评价肝移植术后肝动脉并发症伴侧支形成的价值.方法2004年4月至2011年12月中山大学附属第三医院肝移植中心所有肝移植术后常规超声或临床表现疑似肝动脉并发症行CEUS检查、并行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查和(或)CT+CT血管成像(CTA)证实有及无肝动脉侧支形成患者30例.回顾性分析比较肝动脉并发症伴侧支与无侧支患者肝动脉 CEUS表现.结果30例肝移植患者中,11例CT+CTA和(或)DSA检查证实肝动脉有侧支,19例DSA检查证实肝动脉无侧支.肝动脉有侧支患者肝动脉并发症诊断时间晚于肝动脉无侧支患者[304 d(144~1917 d) vs 47 d(5~232 d), U=20,P<0.01].11例肝动脉有侧支患者均有肝动脉并发症,且以肝动脉血栓多见(9/11,81.8%);而19例肝动脉无侧支患者肝动脉并发症以肝动脉狭窄多见(15/19,78.9%),有1例患者无肝动脉并发症;肝动脉有侧支和无侧支患者肝动脉并发症类型差异有统计学意义(Fisher 精确概率法,P =0.001).肝动脉有侧支患者临床表现多平稳,但常规超声检查发现多数病例胆管异常(10/11).肝动脉侧支CEUS表现有一定特征:(1)肝固有动脉多不能显示(10/11);(2)肝门部多条细小迂曲的侧支动脉聚集,呈网状(5/11)或片状增强(6/11),伴细条状增强(2/11).肝动脉无侧支患者除了3例肝动脉血栓外,肝固有动脉均可见显示,肝门部均未见除肝动脉以外的其他动脉.结论肝移植术后肝动脉并发症伴侧支形成CEUS表现具有一定特点,CEUS有可能成为诊断肝移植术后肝动脉并发症伴侧支形成的新方法.  相似文献   

10.
肝移植术后胆道并发症的超声诊断   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的探讨超声在肝移植术后胆道并发症诊断和治疗中的价值.方法 13例实施肝移植术后临床拟诊胆道并发症患者,以二维超声检查移植肝内外胆管及肝周情况,彩色多普勒超声评估肝动脉血流,并与其他影像学检查相对比.结果超声检出胆道梗阻者10例(其中2例行超声引导PTC);胆漏者3例(其中2例在超声引导下置管引流);有肝动脉血栓并发胆道梗阻者3例.结论超声在肝移植术后胆道并发症的诊治中有着重要应用价值.  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

14.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

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ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.  相似文献   

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Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

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The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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