电针联合有氧运动对冠心病患者心率及运动能力的影响

目的:观察电针联合有氧运动对冠心病患者心率恢复及运动能力的影响,并通过对心率变异性和氧化应激的检测探讨其作用机制。方法:招募确诊的冠心病患者行心肺运动试验(CPET),将120例心率恢复异常(试验终止1min时的心率恢复值(HRR1)≤12次/分)的患者纳入研究,并随机分为有氧运动组(A组)、电针组(B组)、电针联合有氧运动组(C组)、对照组(D组)。有氧运动组以强度为60%—75%最大运动能力的有氧运动训练,每次30—60min;电针组选取内关、郄门穴进行电针针刺治疗,每次留针30min;C组运动治疗方案同A组,运动治疗结束后1h进行电针治疗,电针治疗方案同B组;D组照常生活,常规治疗。各组治疗均为每周5次,共12周。所有患者在12周治疗前后,进行CPET评估心率恢复及运动能力情况,心率变异性指标(低频指标LF、高频指标HF、低高频指标比值LF/HF、正常心搏间期标准差SDNN)评估自主神经功能,静脉血中超氧化物歧化酶SOD、一氧化氮NO、脂质过氧化物LOOH含量检测评估氧化应激水平。结果:治疗前,4组患者的HRR1、峰值功率(PP)、峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、无氧阈(AT)、心率变异性指标(LF、HF、LF/HF、SDNN)、氧化应激水平(SOD、NO、LOOH含量)均无显著差异(P0.05)。12周治疗后,心率恢复情况,C组HRR1优于A组、B组、D组(P0.05),B组HRR1优于A组、D组(P0.05),A组的HRR1优于D组(P0.05)。运动能力方面,A组、C组的PP、VO2peak、AT均优于B组、D组(P0.05),且C组的PP、VO2peak、AT优于A组但无显著性意义(P0.05),B组PP、VO2peak、AT与D组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。C组的心率变异性指标改善优于A组、B组、D组。C组的氧化应激水平改善优于A组、B组、D组。结论:与单纯有氧运动治疗或单纯电针治疗相比,二者结合的联合治疗方法可以更显著地改善患者的心率恢复情况和运动能力,同时患者的自主神经功能和氧化应激水平也得到了明显改善。     

康复运动对冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨有氧运动对冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能的影响。 方法：18例女性冠心病患者（实验组）,14例女性非冠心病患者（对照组）为本研究的受试者,在康复程序前、后,对她们进行了运动前（安静时）和运动后的心率变异性（HRV）指标的测定,其中包括极低频功率（VLF）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）、总功率（TP）和低高频比值（LF/HF）。 结果：①与对照组相比,实验组康复程序前安静时VLF、LF、HF和TP均显著降低,而LF/HF显著增高（P＜0.01）,运动后也有相似的趋势。②与康复程序前相比,12周心脏康复程序后,实验组安静时VLF、LF、HF和TP均有显著增高,LF/HF有所降低（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）;运动后HF显著增高,LF/HF显著降低（P＜0.05）。③与安静时相比,康复程序前实验组递增负荷运动后心率变异性指标均无显著性改变;康复程序后实验组递增负荷运动后VLF、LF、TP和LF/HF均有显著降低（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）;对照组递增负荷运动后VLF、LF、HF和TP均有显著降低（P＜0.01和P＜0.05）,LF/HF有显著增高（P＜0.01）。 结论：12周运动心脏康复程序不仅可以提高冠心病患者安静时自主神经的调节功能,而且对改善一次急性运动后自主神经的均衡性也有积极作用。     

吸烟对老年男性冠心病患者自主神经功能康复的影响

目的:探索吸烟对老年冠心病患者自主神经功能康复的影响。方法:33例男性冠心病患者,根据吸烟情况分为吸烟组、不吸烟组,为了能针对吸烟对冠心病患者自主神经功能影响进行定量的分析,本研究又进一步根据吸烟的数量将吸烟组分为轻度亚组(≤20支/日)和重度亚组(20支/日)[1]。在心脏康复程序前后对他们进行了运动前(安静时)和递增负荷运动实验后(运动后)的心率变异性(HRV)指标以及辅助指标的测定,其中包括低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)、低高频功率比值(LF/HF)、总功率(TP)、心肌缺血(ST段)和心率收缩压双乘积(RPP)。结果:1康复程序前安静时两组患者间的LF、HF、LF/HF、TP、ST段、RPP未显示出显著性差异;2康复程序前运动后两组患者LF、LF/HF、RPP有升高的趋势,HF、TP、ST段有降低的趋势;3康复程序后安静时,与康复前相比两组患者HF和TP有显著性增高(P0.05,P0.01),但吸烟组HF、TP的改善程度小于不吸烟组,二者间有显著性差异(P0.05),吸烟组的重度亚组HF、TP的改善小于轻度亚组,亚组间有显著性差异(P0.05);4康复程序后运动后,与康复前相比两组患者HF有显著性增高(P0.05,P0.01),ST段降低显著减少(P0.05),LF/HF、RPP有显著性下降(P0.05,P0.01),吸烟组HF、RPP的改善程度小于不吸烟组,二者间有显著性差异(P0.05),吸烟组的亚组间HF有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:12周运动心脏康复能提高冠心病患者自主神经的调节功能,但是吸烟将降低心脏自主神经功能的恢复效果。     

高血压患者腹腔镜手术CO2气腹过程中自主神经功能的变化

目的 探讨高血压患者在腹腔镜手术CO2气腹过程中自主神经功能的变化.方法 应用心率变异性(HRV)分析法对25例择期高血压患者腹腔镜手术(Ⅰ组)和25例无高血压腹腔镜手术患者(Ⅱ组)麻醉前、气管插管结束后15 min、腹腔内CO2充气完成后的心率变异性改变进行分析.结果 麻醉诱导及插管15min后Ⅰ组低频(LF)、高频(HF)、低频与高频的比值(LF/HF)及总功率(TP)显著降低(P＜0.05),Ⅱ组LF、LF/HF、11P亦显著降低(P＜0.05),而HF未见明显改变.腹腔CO2充气完成后两组HRV值均显著升高(P＜0.05).组间比较显示,插管15min后Ⅰ组HF和TP显著低于Ⅱ组,LF和LF/HF组间差异无统计学意义;气腹后Ⅰ组HF和TP亦显著低于Ⅱ组.而LF/HF显著高于Ⅱ组,LF组间差异仍无统计学意义.结论 高血压患者迷走神经活性厦总自主神经张力显著低于非高血压患者,迷走神经对心脏窦房结的调控作用严重受损.     

老年带状疱疹后神经痛患者的自主神经功能观察

目的:观察老年带状疱疹后神经痛患者的自主神经状态。方法:选取老年带状疱疹后神经痛患者33例为观察组(P组),正常老年人50例为对照组(C组)。采用HRV检测仪,观察两组的心率变异性情况。结果:P组心率变异性频谱分析低频正常化单位(LF%)、低高频功率比值(LF/HF)明显高于C组(P>0.05);高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)和高频正常化单位(HF%)与C组相比无统计学差异性(P>0.05)。结论:老年带状疱疹后神经痛患者自主神经功能紊乱,交感神经功能处于优势。     

康复运动对冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能的影响

目的探讨康复运动对冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能的影响。方法 30例冠心病患者作为实验组,30例健康人作为对照组。实验组患者采用个性化康复运动进行治疗,对照组不做处理。比较2组运动前后VLF、LF、HF、TP、LF/HF及心电运动指标。结果 2组治疗前后各频段功率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗前后各频段功率均较低,而In LF/In HF仅在运动前较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与运动前相比,对照组In HF、In LF、In VLF均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组治疗后的运动后各指标均有较大改善,与运动前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,实验组患者治疗后运动前各频段指标差异均有统计学意义,运动后In HF增高,In LF/In HF降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后实验组患者心率增值、最大收缩压、最大舒张压、心率-血压乘积、最大ST段压低和最大运动负荷均有较大程度的改善,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论康复运动对冠心病患者心脏自主神经功能有积极的调节作用。     

运动与吸烟对健康青壮年男性心率变异性的影响

目的:探讨每周训练时长与吸烟两个潜在的自主神经功能影响因子对健康青壮年男性心率变异性(HRV)的交互影响,为改善青壮年男性人群自主神经功能、降低心血管疾病发病率提供相应参考。方法:本研究共选取了149例受试者,依据受试者吸烟指数的大小分为不吸烟组(N组,n=66例)、吸烟多组(M组,n=45例)以及吸烟少组(F组,n=38例),其中,N组、M组和F组依据每周训练时间的长短又都分为运动多和运动少两个亚组,分别为:不吸烟运动少组(NF组,n=28例)、不吸烟运动多组(NM组,n=38例)、吸烟多运动多组(MM组,n=22例)、吸烟多运动少组(MF组,n=23例)、吸烟少运动多组(FM组,n=18例)和吸烟少运动少组(FF组,n=20例)。HRV测试包括时域指标有SDNN、RMSSD、SDSD以及PNN50等,频域指标有TP、HF、LF、HFnu、LFnu、LF/HF以及VLF等。结果:(1)不吸烟时,NM和NF组心率变异性的时域及频域各指标相差不大(P0.05);吸烟相对较少时,FM组的TP、HF和LF等指标的值均大于FF组对应指标的值(P0.05);吸烟相对较多时,MM组的LF/HF值大于MF组的LF/HF值(P0.05)。(2)运动相对较少时,NF组的LF值大于MF组的LF值(P0.05);运动相对较多时,NM组和FM组各时域及频域指标中除LF/HF和LFnu以外的其他各项指标的均值均大于MM组对应各指标的均值,其中,FM组的RMSSD和SDSD等的值与MM组对应两指标值的差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:(1)吸烟和缺乏规律性的健身活动(每周训练时间少于300min)都是影响心率变异性的风险因素。(2)吸烟指数少于200者,规律性的健身活动(每周总时长超过300min)对于心率变异性存在明显的改善作用。(3)吸烟指数大于200者,规律性的健身活动(每周总时长超过300min)未能干预吸烟对心率变异性形成的不良影响,必须戒烟。(4)运动强度作为影响心率变异性的一个重要因子,建议后续研究运动对于心率变异性影响时应作重点具体化考量。(5)吸烟引起心率变异性的变化是个急性效应,建议后续研究吸烟对于心率变异性的影响可以将每日吸烟支数作为影响因子。     

右美托咪定对支撑喉镜手术心率变异性的影响

目的研究右美托咪定对支撑喉镜手术心率变异性的影响。方法选择ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ支撑喉镜手术患者60例,随机分成两组,D组在全麻诱导前15 min给予右美托咪定0.6μg/kg,C组以等容量的0.9%氯化钠溶液输注,两组采用相同的麻醉诱导维持用药、复苏方法。分别记录两组诱导前15 min(T0)、插管时(T1)、手术操作时(T2)、拔除气管导管时(T3)、拔除气管导管5 min后(T4)的心率变异性(HRV)频域分析指标低频功率(LF)和高频功率(HF),计算低频功率与高频功率的比值(LF/HF)。结果与T0比较,D组T2~T4时点HF值明显升高(P0.05),LF变化不明显,LF/HF明显降低(P0.05),与C组比较T2~T4时点HF值明显升高(P0.05),LF变化不明显,LF/HF明显降低(P0.05)。结论支撑喉镜手术中,单次应用右美托咪定能改变HRV,达到交感与迷走调节的均衡性,稳定心血管反应。     

有或无更年期症状妇女的短程心率变异性分析及临床应用

目的探讨有或无更年期症状妇女的短程心率变异性及其临床应用价值。方法收集2016年3至10月在山西医科大学第一附属医院妇科门诊诊断为更年期综合征的患者57例为更年期组(A组),将A组按Kupperman症状严重程度分为轻度组(A1)、中度组(A2)、重度组(A3),依据有无潮热将A组分为无潮热组(A4)与有潮热组(A5)。随机抽取体检中心健康妇女61例为对照组(B组),进一步分为围绝经期组(B1组)与绝经后组(B2组)。采用5 min自主神经功能检测仪监测记录每位受试者的高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)、低频正常化单位(LF%)、低高频功率比值(LF/HF)。结果与B组相较,A组HF明显升高(P<0.01),而LF/HF、LF%明显降低(P<0.01);B2组HF、LF低于B1组(P<0.05);各指标在A1、A2、A3组无统计学差异(P>0.05);各指标在A4、A5组亦无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论有更年期症状的妇女存在自主神经紊乱,且副交感神经功能可能处于优势地位;心率变异性分析可以辅助诊断更年期综合征及评价其治疗效果。     

脑瘫患儿诱导气管插管过程中自主神经功能的变化

目的探讨脑瘫患儿腹部手术全麻诱导气管插管过程中自主神经系统功能的变化。方法应用心率变异性(HRV)分析法分析30例择期脑瘫患儿腹部手术(A组)和30非脑瘫患儿腹部手术(B组)麻醉前、麻醉诱导后、气管插管后的心率变异性。结果麻醉诱导后A组的低频(LF)、高频(HF)、LF/HF、总张力(TP)降低,B组的LF、LF/HF及TP亦降低,但HF末见明显改变;气管插管后两组的HRV值均升高;麻醉诱导后及气管插管后A组的HF和TP低于B组(P<0.05~0.01),而LF与B组间无显著性差异。结论麻醉诱导气管插管过程中脑瘫患儿神经活性及总自主神经张力低于非脑瘫患儿,脑瘫患儿迷走神经对心脏窦房结的调控作用受损。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.     

Imaging choices in occult hip fracture

Background: Hip fracture is a common injury, with an incidence rate of > 250,000 per year in the United States. Diagnosis is particularly important due to the high dependence on the integrity of the hip in the daily life of most people. Objectives: In this article we review the literature focused on hip fracture detection and discuss advantages and limitations of each major imaging modality. Discussion: Plain radiographs are usually sufficient for diagnosis as they are at least 90% sensitive for hip fracture. However, in the 3–4% of Emergency Department (ED) patients having hip X-ray studies who harbor an occult hip fracture, the Emergency Physician must choose among several methods, each with intrinsic limitations, for further evaluation. These methods include computed tomography, scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: We present an evidence-based algorithm for the evaluation of a patient suspected to have an occult hip fracture in the ED. Also outlined are future directions for research to distinguish more effective techniques for identifying occult hip fractures.