超声图像质量与超声高新技术

超声图像质量与超声高新技术中国医学科学院基础医学研究所袁光华超声图像质量的改善与提高是超声工程技术不断开拓进展的动力和追求的目标。超声高新技术的发展，使超声显像技术在临床诊断中发挥着日益重要的作用。１．灰阶图像与彩色显像质量评价对于超声图像和彩色多普...     

超声空化与超声医学

超声波是一种波动形式，可以作为信息载体用于探测人体内的病变信息，这便是超声诊断；超声波又是一种能量形式，当超过一定剂量的超声波作用于人体病变组织，并通过它对组织的作用达到一定的治疗目的时，这便是超声治疗。超声诊断和超声治疗共同组成了现代超声医学的主要内容。     

超声空化与超声医学

超声波在医学诊断、理疗、外科及体外碎石等多方面获得了成功的应用。迄今研究证明,超声空化几乎与所有医学超声应用有密切关系。正因为如此,超声空化的理论与实验研究已成为当前医学超声基础研究中的前沿课题。 超声空化是指:在超声波作用下,液体中微小泡核(附夹在固体杂质,微尘或容器表面上及微缝中微气泡/或因不均匀性造成的液体内抗张强度减     

中华医学会超声医学分会超声心动图学组中国超声医学工程学会超声心动图专业委员会

正是最常见的遗传性心血管疾病,约40%～60%的HCM患者是由编码心肌肌小节收缩蛋白的基因突变引起,目前报道至少有27个基因中发现超过1400多个位点的突变与HCM发病有关,其中最主要致病基因是编码肌小节粗肌丝的β肌球蛋白重链(β-MHC)基因(MYH7)和编码心脏型肌球结合蛋白C(cMYBPC)的基因(MYBPC3)[1-2]。HCM临床表现具有高度异质性,患者或无明显症状或症状轻微,或早期就出现明显的心肌肥厚、症状严重,甚至发生心力衰竭、心源性猝死(sudden cardiac death,SCD)等严重后果,是青少年和运动员SCD的首要原因[3]。HCM早期精准诊断是正确治疗和预防猝死的关键。     

汕头超声仪器研究所超声探头简介

超声探头是超声仪器的关键部件之一。其性能除了受其选用的材料（阵元数、材料质量）影响，还在很大程度上取决于生产工艺。     

睾丸超声

由于高频率超声诊断技术用于临床,睾丸病变的超声检查被引起重视,日渐发展。睾丸的解剖     

超声诊断新技术与医学超声学科建设

超声诊断新技术与医学超声学科建设上海医科大学中山医院超声诊断科主任、教授“中国上海中山———美国费城杰斐逊”超声诊断教育中心医学主任徐智章医学超声诊断经历近５０年的研究发展及１０余年来的飞跃提高，使超声诊断成为临床医学影像诊断中极有应用前途的学科之一...     

从超声诊断走向超声介入性治疗

回顾我院超声科从无到有,从小到大,从超声诊断走向超声介入性治疗,都是《中国超声医学杂志》赋予知识,给予启迪,激发创新。贵刊丰富的内涵、精品特色与创新风格,信息高、新、特、快,论著写作严谨,科学性强,编辑水平高,让广大医学影像工作者和医务人员学到了许多新理论、新技术、新方法、新经验。贵刊结合国情,放眼世界,以跨入世界同类刊物先进行列为已任,精选刊载的论文,是给广大超声医务工作者提供的最佳精神食粮,代表了我国超声医学的先进水平,通过贵刊理论的升华,极大地开阔了我的视野,更加坚定了走知识更新,科技兴院发展超声医学的信心和决心。而对超声诊     

超声内镜

概况及发展超声内镜(Ultrasouic Endoscope 简称 UE)是在纤维内镜前端装有超声探头(又称换能器)的一种新型内窥镜。将超声内镜按照一般纤维内镜的操作法插入胃肠道特定部位进行探查,既弥补了超声波检查(如 B 型超声)对胰头胰尾部、总胆管下段、肝门等处在体表探查的不足,又克服了纤维内镜检查的一些局限性(如仅能窥见胃肠道表面的粘膜相,而不能判断病变在这些部位的浸润深度),从而为超声诊断打开了新的“声窗”,扩大了超声和内镜检查的范围,使超声对食管、胃、十二指肠及其邻近的脏器(如心脏、胸主动脉、胰腺、肝脏、胆囊     

Carotid artery ultrasound and intravascular ultrasound

Lipid lowering therapy is associated with a significant reduction in cardiocerebral events. But, additional studies are necessary to identify patients in whom atheroma may results in developing coronary events. Intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) and carotid artery echocardiography have significantly contributed to the understanding of nature of atherosclerosis and have validated the concepts of vascular remodeling and vulnerable plaque. Actually, intimal-medial thickness(IMT) in carotid echo is good predictors of cardiovascular events. Positive remodeled plaque with soft characteristics is more likely to rupture and cause acute coronary syndrome. Thus, studies using IVUS and carotid echo may lead to important insights into how risk factor reduction stabilizes plaque and reduces the risk of acute coronary events.     

Renal ultrasound

Renal US is one of several imaging modalities available to the EP in the evaluation of patients with acute urologic disorders. It offers excellent anatomic detail without exposure to radiation or contrast agents but is limited in its assessment of renal function. It is an important alternative to helical CT scanning for evaluating renal colic, especially in children and pregnant women. It has an important role in excluding bilateral renal obstruction as the cause of acute renal failure. It is likely that Doppler renal US also will take on a prominent role in the evaluation of renal vascular disorders. It already has become the standard of care in the management of renal transplant patients. Bedside emergency renal US performed and interpreted by EPs with limited training and experience is increasing in use and gaining acceptance. At present, the primary role of renal US is to identify hydronephrosis in patients with renal colic or acute renal failure but, in the future, its role likely will expand as technology advances and its use increases. In many patients, bedside renal US may obviate the need for further diagnostic workup and speed the diagnosis and treatment of an emergency patient.     

Intra-operative ultrasound

Real time intraoperative ultrasound can provide instant evaluation of the operative field. One can expect high quality images of intracranial anatomy. With such information, the neurosurgeon can make determinations of direction and position as well as depth of the lesion. The procedure is safe and easy to perform. There are no radiation hazards present. It may be advantageous to keep the ultrasound available as one operates to visualize the progress of tumor removal; it can also be utilized after closure of the dura for bleeding or other complications. Biopsy procedures and localization of lesions in the brain can be extremely problematic. The neurosurgeon does not have the luxury of exploring a brain during a craniotomy as a general surgeon does in exploring an abdomen during laparotomy. Despite the fact that modern day technology with angiography and CT scanning may provide excellent preoperative localization information, the neurosurgeon must translate the information into his own perspective when operating and lesions may be missed by a millimeter. Once the transducer visualizes the brain substance, the neurosurgeon can actually observe the progress of the craniotomy.     

Testicular ultrasound

Acute scrotal pain makes up approximately 0.5% of all complaints presenting to an emergency department. Some of the most com-mon diagnoses for this complaint are testicular torsion and epididymitis. Misdiagnosing testicular torsion can lead to organ loss,cosmetic deformity, and compromised fertility. Modem ultrasound examination of the scrotum is the test of choice for acute scrotal pathology and yields high accuracy compared with surgical exploration. A key component of the testicular examination is use of power and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Examination of the acute scrotum should not be undertaken unless Doppler capability is available because the evaluation of blood flow is such an important part of diagnosis of testicular torsion, orchitis, epididymitis,trauma, and hemorrhage into a mass.     

Cardiac ultrasound

The use of echocardiography in the ED is well established and continues to gain widespread use in the evaluation of critically ill patients. In certain circumstances such as chest trauma, pericardial effusion, and cardiac arrest,EPs can perform and interpret echocardiographic examinations reliably. In other circumstances such as the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, PE,and endocarditis, the EP should be aware of the uses and limitations of echocardiography and obtain appropriate consultation when necessary.Academic- and community-based EPs should seek to incorporate further the use of echocardiography in their respective clinical practices, with special attention given to training and quality assurance. As EPs continue to improve their skills in cardiac ultrasound, their ability to diagnose a wider spectrum of cardiac diseases undoubtedly will grow proportionally.     

Intravascular ultrasound

A new technique has been developed to compute left ventricular (LV) time activity curves from gated blood pool (GBP) studies without the use of manual, semiautomated or fully automated edge detection algorithms. The method utilizes the correlation of entropy calculated from the counts of a fixed region of interest covering the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle to compute the LV volume curve for a new patient. The new LV volume curve is obtained through interpolation of those volume curves of a data base which are associated with the closest variations in normalized entropy to the new one. The computed LV time activity curves agree with those obtained from manual or fully automated outlines of the left ventricle within 9 percent for the selected set of 67 patients demonstrating the potential of the method. The accuracy of calculated LV volume curves can be improved theoretically to any degree by increasing the number of cases in the data base of known statistical feature vectors associated with the LV images and LV volume curves. The new method for computation of LV curves is very efficient and robust when compared to traditional techniques.