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1.
目的 针对永磁MR系统开发一种快速的一阶匀场方法 ,并在自主研发的0.5T系统上实现. 方法 对峰值定位法进行了改进,通过定量计算出涡流的影响并且用相位代替对时间的测量用于估计偏差,显著提高了测量精度. 结果 与传统方法相比,在同样匀场水平上,匀场速度提高了大约3倍,可以在小于45 s的时间获得射野内满意的主磁场均匀度. 结论 本方法可以显著改善FOV内主磁场均匀度,在短时间内完成一阶匀场,满足在0.5T永磁MR系统上进一步开发快脉冲序列的需要,并可以推广到所有永磁体的一阶匀场.  相似文献   

2.
轴向磁场磁通切换型永磁(Axial Field Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine,AFFSPM)电机是一种高功率密度、高效率的新型永磁电机,但由于其定、转子的双凸极结构引起的聚磁效应,同传统的永磁电机相比,该结构电机的齿槽转矩较大。为了减小齿槽转矩,进一步提高电机性能,本文对AFFSPM电机的齿槽转矩进行了分析,首先推导了齿槽转矩的解析表达式,然后对转子齿面开辅助槽法进行了研究,采用实验设计(DOE)方法得到了齿槽转矩与辅助槽槽宽、槽深和槽扇形角之间的数学模型,计算出使齿槽转矩最小的辅助槽槽宽、槽深和槽扇形角的最优组合,并通过三维有限元法(FEM)验证了所得结果的正确性。结果表明,转子齿开辅助槽可以有效地削减齿槽转矩,转子齿面开两个辅助槽,优化辅助槽口宽度、槽口深度和槽口形状为3°、1.79mm和1.62°,齿槽转矩最大可以减小约44.3%。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨局部匀场在磁共振全身弥散成像中的应用,提高全身弥散成像的质量。材料与方法对40例行全身弥散扫描成像的患者,在容易出现截断伪影的颈部和胸部交界处分别添加局部匀场和未添加局部匀场,扫描完成后经3D最大信号投影(maximum intensity projection,MIP)法重建,观察是否有截断伪影的出现。结果添加局部匀场后图像的截断伪影明显减少,添加匀场和未添加匀场图像质量之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论局部匀场在提高磁共振全身弥散成像质量,防止截断伪影的出现上具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

4.
目的为手术室提供一种更快捷的寻针工具,从而提高寻针效率,解决手术室面临的跳针寻针难问题。方法用强磁材料作为吸铁主体,利用磁力线在缝隙处达到最强的原理设计出于持式带光源导视永磁寻针器。选择不同类型的手术缝针共30枚,设计好不同位置的摆放图,将30名手术室护士随机分为3组,对照1组(普磁组)用普通磁铁寻针器寻找缝针,对照2组(裸眼组)用裸眼寻找缝针,实验组(永磁组),使用手持式带光源导视永磁寻针器寻找缝针。结果永磁组在寻针时间、寻针数量和护士对寻针难易程度的感觉上均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论手持式带光源导视永磁寻针器使用方便,吸寻效果好,为手术室寻针解决了一大难题。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨低场永磁型磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)在早期脑梗死诊断中的应用价值。方法对临床高度怀疑脑梗死的77例患者进行DWI和常规MRI扫描,并比较DWI与常规MRI对于早期脑梗死的敏感性;分析不同时期病灶信号强度及大小变化情况,总结病灶演变规律。结果①DWI发现梗塞病灶较常规MRI更为敏感,对超急性期的脑梗死灶的敏感度为100%;②急性期梗塞灶在DWI序列表现为异常信号,信号强度随着b值的增加而增强,急性期、亚急性、稳定期梗塞灶在DWI中异常信号强度由低向高变化的趋势更加明显。结论低场永磁型磁共振弥散加权成像不仅可行,而且在早期诊断、早期治疗超急性期的脑梗死中有着非常重要的应用价值。  相似文献   

6.
扩散加权像变形矫正技术的相关多因素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨扩散加权像变形的矫正模具位置、扩散敏感梯度大小、方向、匀场方式对扩散参数图原始图像变形的影响,为开发矫正装置与方法提供依据.方法采用自制25点空间定位模具,分别放置在环形极化线圈的中心与偏中心位置,针对每个位置(β因素),在测量前进行主动匀场,在三个垂直方向(α因素)施加b(扩散敏感系数) 为0~1000 s/mm2的Gb,b大小以100 s/mm2步进增加(γ因素).利用坐标变换得到各图的变形矫正公式,通过多因素方差分析明确各个因素与矫正公式各个系数间的关系.结果在X,Y方向的变形矫正公式如下:X=X1 X2X' X3Y'; Y=Y1 Y2X' Y3Y'.除X3外,各个系数均与方向(α)、位置(β)有关.刚体位移与b值有关.弹性位移与b值(γ)无关(P无显著性差异).位置(β)与b值(γ)的交互作用影响刚体位移.在扩散敏感系数在700的情况下,Gb s不引起明显的层面内位移, 而Gb r,p主要导致在Y方向的位移.模具中心匀场情况下变形最小.结论在扩散敏感系数在模具中心匀场700的情况下,Gb r,p的作用主要表现为沿相位编码方向的刚性平移.当取0~1000 s/mm2范围内的其他Gb值时,可以得到同一类型校正公式,只是刚体位移值会不同.匀场情况下,对各个DWI图像的层层对应配准是有效的变形矫正方法.  相似文献   

7.
目的 应用血流向量成像(VFM)技术分析肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者舒张期血流流场改变及影响因素。方法 选取HCM 33例,对照组33例,计算等容舒张期、充盈早期、充盈期平均能量损耗,即IVR-EL-ave、E-EL-ave、A-EL-ave;充盈早期及左房充盈期循环强度E-cir、A-cir,涡旋面积E-vor-area、A-vor-area,比较两组各参数差异,分析E-EL-ave、A-EL-ave独立影响因素。结果 (1)与对照组比较,HCM组E-EL-ave、E-vor-area、A-vor-area降低,A-EL-ave增加(P<0.05)。(2)HCM组11例(33%)患者出现“E-filling涡流环缺失”现象,与存在涡流环HCM患者相比,其A-EL-ave增加,LVEDVI减小(P<0.05)。(3)HCM组E-EL-ave与LVEDVI、E峰速率有独立相关性;A-EL-ave与A峰速率及A-cir有独立相关性。结论 VFM相关参数可以反映HCM舒张期异常血流动力学情况,左室充盈期能量损耗变化与非生理性涡流及左室容积有关。  相似文献   

8.
目的介绍一种基于高精度梯度卡的数字涡流预补偿方法。材料与方法使用现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)对序列设计的标准梯度波形进行实时计算得到补偿波形,将标准梯度波形和补偿波形分别送入两片独立的数模转换器(digital-to-analog converter,DAC),对模拟信号进行叠加产生补偿后波形;采用高速时钟和同步触发设计方法,对包含五组时间常数的预补偿波形进行了实时计算。结果在20 bit的DAC基础上实现了优于23 bit的高精度数字涡流预补偿方法;大大缩短了预补偿波形相对触发信号的延时,并保证每次的延时恒定不变。结论经过实验验证,相较于模拟与传统数字涡流预补偿方法,高精度数字方法在涡流预补偿上效果更好。  相似文献   

9.
对一种新型自增速永磁游标电机的损耗情况进行了分析,重点分析了永磁体和铝壳中的损耗。在电磁损耗计算中采用二维时步有限元法,阐明了采用二维有限元法计算永磁体中涡流损耗的原理和注意事项,并通过三维有限元法检验了二维有限元计算永磁体涡流损耗的误差。分析了铝壳损耗的主要影响因素以及减小方法。空载计算损耗与实测损耗基本一致,验证了损耗计算方法的正确性。最后研究了不同负载情况下损耗的变化情况,以及温度对损耗的影响。  相似文献   

10.
随着射频和线圈技术的提高,超高场磁共振近年来有了很大的发展。与常规的场强,超高场MR主要具有以下优势:(1)信噪比的显著增加保证了高分辨率和高质量的图像,从而大大提高了微小结构的检出;(2)由于磁敏感效应的增加,T2*或磁敏感技术有了更广泛的应用,尤其是对异常的铁沉积,微小出血点和小静脉血管的检测;(3)高场T1弛豫时间的增加可以提高ASL灌注成像技术的应用;(4)信号本身的增加也可提高fMRI和MRS的分辨率等。当然,目前超高场强磁共振技术也还有一些局限性:(1)SAR的明显增加限制了采集层数并影响采集时间;(2)高场下RF磁场(B1)的不均匀性造成图像信号的不均匀;(3)增加的磁敏感效应也在颅底增加了相应的伪影等。本文对高场7T在纽约大学医疗中心脑部MR的最初临床应用结果 进行了分析。  相似文献   

11.
目的 针对磁共振成像系统(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,简记为MRI)梯度线圈的自感和互感引起的涡流,会抑制梯度磁场的快速变化,影响梯度切换率,减缓磁共振成像时间的问题。方法 采用梯度电感最小化和梯度磁场自屏蔽等约束条件,结合目标场点法建立数学模型,求解双平面梯度线圈的绕线分布,以减小梯度线圈的磁场能量,降低涡流等对梯度线圈性能的影响。同时,为缩短数值计算工具MATLAB软件对以上复杂数学模型矩阵求解的运算时间,采用图形处理单元(Graphic Processing Unit,简记为GPU)加速算法实现梯度线圈的设计计算。结果 采用最小化梯度电感,能有效降低涡流影响,实现磁场自屏蔽,具有良好的梯度切换率,改善了梯度线圈的整体性能。结论 本文的双平面梯度线圈新型目标场点法算法有效可行,能够实现梯度电感最小化和梯度磁场的自屏蔽的梯度线圈设计。  相似文献   

12.
目的 针对MRI梯度线圈自感和互感引起涡流抑制梯度磁场快速变化、影响梯度切换率及成像时间问题,提出一种有效解决方案。方法 采用梯度电感最小化和梯度磁场自屏蔽等约束条件,结合目标场点法建立数学模型,求解双平面梯度线圈的绕线分布,以减小梯度线圈的磁场能量,降低涡流等对梯度线圈性能的影响。为缩短数值计算软件对以上复杂数学模型矩阵求解的运算时间,采用图形处理单元(GPU)加速算法实现梯度线圈的设计计算。结果 采用最小化梯度电感能有效降低涡流影响,实现磁场自屏蔽,具有良好的梯度切换率,可改善梯度线圈整体性能。结论 采用双平面梯度线圈新型目标场点法算法能实现梯度电感最小化和梯度磁场自屏蔽梯度线圈设计。  相似文献   

13.
In functional MRI, magnetic field inhomogeneities due to air-tissue susceptibility differences may lead to severe signal dropouts and geometric distortions in echo-planar images. Therefore, the inhomogeneities in the field are routinely minimized by shimming prior to imaging. However in fMRI, the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) effect is the measure of interest, so the BOLD sensitivity (BS) should be optimized rather than the magnetic field homogeneity. The analytical expression for an estimate of the BOLD sensitivity has been recently developed, allowing for the computation of BOLD sensitivity maps from echo-planar images and field maps. This report describes a novel shimming procedure that optimizes the local BOLD sensitivity over a region of interest. The method is applied in vivo and compared to a standard global shimming procedure. A breath-holding experiment was carried out and demonstrated that the BS-based shimming significantly improved the detection of activation in a target region of interest, the medial orbitofrontal cortex.  相似文献   

14.
The surface current field of a mesoscale eddy in the East Sea (Sea of Japan) was derived from consecutive Geostationary Ocean Color Imager chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration images using the normalized maximum cross-correlation method. The estimated current field of the eddy exhibited anticyclonic structure demonstrated by the objective dynamic thresholds of correlation coefficients. The eddy periphery was defined by fitting an ellipse to subjectively selected points from the frontal map of chl-a concentration data. Radial distribution and hourly variation of the current speed around the eddy were presented. In terms of the magnitude and direction, the estimated current field was in good agreement with altimeter-based current field and current vectors from surface drifters. Diurnal variations in the current speeds of the mesoscale eddies showed a quadratic relation to the wind speed.  相似文献   

15.
In ultrahigh field (UHF), human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) concerns related to the homogeneity of the B1+ field [the radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field component responsible for the excitation of the spins] and the local/average specific absorption rate (SAR) are highly evident. In this work, through RF shimming techniques, a full-wave electromagnetic model that treats a coupled-RF coil and the load (an 18-tissue anatomically detailed human head model) as a single system is utilized to simultaneously (1) improve the homogeneity of B1+ field in various regions of interest across the volume of the human head and (2) minimize the total RF power deposition at 7 and 9.4 T. The numerical results illustrate that the B1+ field homogeneity (evaluated by the coefficient of variance) can be greatly improved in 3D slabs that vary in orientations and sizes, in the brain, and in the entire head volume without increasing the total RF power deposition in the head to exceed that obtained with quadrature excitation. The RF shimming simulation results are experimentally validated (by performing RF shimming without experimental B(1) measurements) on a head-sized phantom using a 7-T human MRI scanner equipped with a transmit array excitation system. The SAR and associated temperature changes under quadrature and RF shimming excitation conditions are calculated and compared.  相似文献   

16.

Background

Radiofrequency (RF) shading artifacts degrade image quality while performing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at higher field strengths. In this article, we sought to evaluate the effect of local RF (B1 field) shimming by using a dual-source–transmit RF system for cardiac cine imaging and to systematically evaluate the effect of subject body type on the B1 field with and without local RF shimming.

Methods

We obtained cardiac images from 37 subjects (including 11 patients) by using dual-transmit 3T CMR. B1 maps with and without subject-specific local RF shimming (exploiting the independent control of transmit amplitude and phase of the 2 RF transmitters) were obtained. Metrics quantifying B1 field homogeneity were calculated and compared with subject body habitus.

Results

Local RF shimming across the region encompassed by the heart increased the mean flip angle (μ) in that area (88.5 ± 15.2% vs. 81.2 ± 13.3%; P = 0.0014), reduced the B1 field variation by 42.2 ± 13%, and significantly improved the percentage of voxels closer to μ (39% and 82% more voxels were closer to ± 10% and ± 5% of μ, respectively) when compared with no RF shimming. B1 homogeneity was independent of subject body type (body surface area [BSA], body mass index [BMI] or anterior-posterior/right-left patient width ratio [AP/RL]). Subject specific RF (B1) shimming with a dual-transmit system improved local RF homogeneity across all body types.

Conclusion

With or without RF shimming, cardiac B1 field homogeneity does not depend on body type, as characterized by BMI, BSA, and AP/RL. For all body types studied, cardiac B1 field homogeneity was significantly improved by performing local RF shimming with 2 independent RF-transmit channels. This finding indicates the need for subject-specific RF shimming.  相似文献   

17.
By recent technical development magnetic resonance tomography has brought about essential improvements also for the diagnostics of the liver. For detecting focal lesions the diagnostic value of MRT is equal or superior to CT. For tumour screening at medium magnetic field strengths T1-weighted sequences with short repetition and echo times and multiple averaging of images are indicated. After detection of a pathologic tumourous condition a T2-weighted sequence allows the further differentiation of tissues. Hemangioma, the most frequent hepatic tumour, can be differentiated with high accuracy and non-invasively by MRT. Sonography will keep its place in screening, because of the high numbers of available devices and its low costs. Cystic lesions are better detected and the biliary ducts and be evaluated rapidly and at lower costs than with MR and CT. Gadolinium-DTPA as paramagnetic contrast medium is advised for demonstrating perfusion of hepatic tumours. Ferrites, small ferromagnetic iron particles, may open a new age of tumour screening.  相似文献   

18.
Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a new and emerging type of tomography technique that is able to map the passive electromagnetic properties (in particular conductivity) of an object. Excitation coils are used to induce eddy currents in the medium, and the magnetic field produced by the induced eddy current is then sensed by the receiver coils. Because of its non-invasive and contactless feature, it becomes an attractive technique for many applications (especially in biomedical area) compared to traditional contact electrode-based electrical impedance tomography. Due to the low contrast in conductivity between biological tissues, an accurate and stable hardware system is necessary. Most MIT systems in the literature employ external signal generators, power amplifiers and highly stable down-conversion electronics to obtain a satisfactory phase measurement. However, this would increase design complexity substantially. In this paper, a National Instrument-based MIT system is developed at the University of Bath, aiming for biomedical applications. The system utilizes National Instrument products to accomplish all signal driving, switching and data acquisition tasks, which ease the system design whilst providing satisfactory performance. This paper presents a full-scaled medical MIT system, from the sensor and system hardware design, eddy current model verification to the image reconstruction software: the performance of this MIT instrumentation system is characterized in detail, including the system accuracy and system stability. The methods of solving eddy current problem are presented. The reconstructed images of detecting the presence of saline solutions are also included in this paper, which show the capability of national instrument products to be developed into a full-scaled biomedical MIT system, by demonstrating the practical experimental results.  相似文献   

19.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a superior soft-tissue contrast compared to other radiological imaging modalities and its physiological and functional applications have led to a significant increase in MRI scans worldwide. A comprehensive MRI safety training to protect patients and other healthcare workers from potential bio-effects and risks of the magnetic fields in an MRI suite is therefore essential. The knowledge of the purpose of safety zones in an MRI suite as well as MRI appropriateness criteria is important for all healthcare professionals who will work in the MRI environment or refer patients for MRI scans. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of current magnetic resonance safety guidelines and discuss the safety risks of magnetic fields in an MRI suite including forces and torque of ferromagnetic objects, tissue heating, peripheral nerve stimulation, and hearing damages. MRI safety and compatibility of implanted devices, MRI scans during pregnancy, and the potential risks of MRI contrast agents will also be discussed, and a comprehensive MRI safety training to avoid fatal accidents in an MRI suite will be presented.  相似文献   

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