Pressure sore prevalence: a national survey

? A cross-sectional nation-wide sample was used to determine the point prevalence and grading of pressure sores in patients in all hospitals in Iceland (22 hospitals). ? The pressure sore prevalence was 8.9% (n = 57 patients), 7.12% for women (n = 26) and 11.2% for men (n = 31); the mean age for both sexes with pressure sores was 78.4 years. ? Grade I sores were most frequently identified and Grade IV the least. Eighty-five per cent of pressure sores were located below the waist. ? `No dressings' and occlusive dressings were the treatment of choice for pressure sores. ? Results from this study are important for international comparisons.     

Pressure sore prevalence within a public health services area

Pressure sores are a great problem for patients, staff and society. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, treatment and prevention of pressure sores in a public health service area in Sweden. Criteria used for pressure sore assessment were persistent discoloration, epithelial damage and damage to the full thickness of the skin, without or with a cavity. The data were collected during 2 weeks in April 1995 from 1173 inpatients. The pressure‐sore prevalence rate was 3.75%; 44 patients had a total of 68 sores. Men were as prone to developing pressure sores as women. The most frequently reported preventive measures were antidecubitus mattresses and turning schedules. Relief from pressure and occlusive dressings were the most common treatment measures. There was no statistical difference in pressure‐sore prevalence when compared with a similar study from 1980. Patients were, however, older in 1995.     

压疮的防治进展

压疮是长期肢体活动不良病人 (包括脊髓损伤者 )常见的护理问题。为预防和降低压疮的发生 ,提高人们的生活质量 ,从压疮的评估、预防、分期治疗、护理等方面进行了综述。     

压疮防治进展

介绍了体位不当、压力、年龄、认知功能、意识、不良生活习惯、营养不良等引起压疮的原因.强调压疮预防的重要性,可使用喷气式床垫、充水床垫、聚硅酮床垫、新型全自动翻身床、侧身床、程控按摩床;改进翻身方法;药物预防等方法,同时根据病人的情况采取不同的治疗方法以减轻病人的痛苦,节省护理人力资源.     

湿性愈合理念及方法在压疮治疗中的应用进展

从压疮治疗理念的更新、影响压疮愈合的因素研究、压疮处理方法的改良及应用、压疮治疗中的营养干预、护士在压疮处理中的作用5方面综述了湿性愈合理念及方法在压疮治疗中的应用进展。     

肝移植术患者术中压疮发生的原因与预防护理

目的分析肝移植患者术中压疮发生的原因及探讨有效的预防措施。方法回顾性分析2001年1月-2003年3月65例肝移植手术患者（历史对照组）压疮的发生情况和原因。针对原因对2003年4月-2004年6月57例肝移植患者（预防护理组）在双侧膝关节处垫一小软枕，在小腿腓肠肌处以软枕垫高10cmm左右，使双足跟完全悬空。分析行预防措施后压疮的发生情况。结果在历史对照组中，发生水疱的患者手术时间明显长于未发生水疱的患者。局部受压是压疮发生最主要的原因，解除受压后并发症的发生率显著降低。结论术中发生压疮是较难避免的，但积极采取有效的预防措施。可以将压疮的发生率降到最低。     

居家长期照护老年人的压疮发生及风险因素调查与分析

目的了解居家长期照护老年人发生压疮情况及发生压疮风险因素。方法采用分层整群抽样法对909例老年人进行一般人口学资料调查及采用日常生活活动能力量表、工具性日常生活活动能力量表、Norton量表等对其进行测评,分析各相关因素对压疮发生的影响。结果居家长期照护老年人压疮发生率为25.8%;压疮的好发部位为骶尾部、髋部和足跟部;卧床分级、工具性日常生活活动能力和Norton量表压疮发生危险因素是压疮发生的重要影响因素。结论居家长期护理老年人压疮发生率较高,在社区和居家护理中需采取相对应的预防和干预策略。     

Silica gel pad nursing intervention for the prevention of pressure ulcers in elderly patients in operation research 陆建平,阎倩,袁洁萍,徐超,蒋芝萍,王岑

目的 探讨硅胶凝胶垫对老年手术患者手术过程中压疮的预防情况。方法 将182例年龄≥80岁、手术时间≥2.5h的患者分层随机分为2组：实验组和对照组,对试验组的患者在压疮好发部位使用硅胶凝胶垫进行干预,对照组进行常规护理。结果 试验组患者压疮发生率明显低于对照组患者。结论 手术过程中使用硅胶凝胶垫进行护理干预能减少老年手术患者压疮的发生,有利于手术患者的康复。     

压疮的伤口评估及局部治疗的临床研究进展

主要从压疮的伤口评估和局部治疗方面提出许多新的概念、新的方法，并就压疮伤口评估及压疮湿性疗法、负压疗法等的临床应用进展进行介绍。     

压疮的伤口评估及局部治疗的临床研究进展

主要从压疮的伤口评估和局部治疗方面提出许多新的概念、新的方法,并就压疮伤口评估及压疮湿性疗法、负压疗法等的临床应用进展进行介绍。     

康惠尔系列护理敷料治疗慢性伤口及各期压疮的护理进展

介绍了康惠尔系列护理敷料的作用机制、特性及使用方法,综述了康惠尔系列护理敷料在慢性伤口和各期压疮中的应用,具有良好的临床效果.     

住院期间压疮高危人群的营养筛查和评估

介绍了压疮的危险因素及其与营养的关系,指出营养筛查和评估的方法包括临床评估、体格测量、饮食评估、生化评估。     

Risk factors for pressure ulcer development in critically Ill patients: a conceptual model to guide research

This paper presents a proposed conceptual model to guide research on pressure ulcer risk in critically ill patients, who are at high risk for pressure ulcer development. However, no conceptual model exists that guides risk assessment in this population. Results from a review of prospective studies were evaluated for design quality and level of statistical reporting. Multivariate findings from studies having high or medium design quality by the National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence standards were conceptually grouped. The conceptual groupings were integrated into Braden and Bergstrom's (Braden and Bergstrom [1987] Rehabilitation Nursing, 12, 8-12, 16) conceptual model, retaining their original constructs and augmenting their concept of intrinsic factors for tissue tolerance. The model could enhance consistency in research on pressure ulcer risk factors.     

颈髓损伤压疮发生原因分析及预防

本文分析了10例颈髓损伤病人压疮发生的原因,包括对高危人群评估不当、措施不当、局部因素等,并对压疮发生的原因采取针对性的预防措施,包括有效减压、使用防护措施、加强营养等,有效地降低了颈髓损伤压疮的发生。     

Efficacy of perioperative intravenous dexmedetomidine administration for the prevention of postoperative sore throat: a meta-analysis

ObjectivePostoperative sore throat (POST) is an undesirable intubation-related complication after surgery. Several studies have investigated the efficacy of perioperative intravenous dexmedetomidine administration for the prevention of POST, but the results have been inconsistent. We aimed to summarize all existing evidence and draw a more precise conclusion to guide future clinical work.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were comprehensively searched for all randomized controlled trials published before 1 February 2021 that investigated the efficacy of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of POST.ResultsNine studies involving 400 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with the control groups (i.e., saline and anesthetic drugs), perioperative intravenous use of dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the incidence of POST [risk ratio (RR): 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.77; I² = 0%) and coughing on the tube during extubation (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41–0.82; I² = 0%). Additionally, patients in the dexmedetomidine group were more likely to develop bradycardia (RR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.28–4.71; I² = 0%) and hypotension (RR: 3.26; 95% CI: 1.14–9.33; I² = 0%) during the administration of dexmedetomidine than those in the control group.ConclusionPerioperative intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine has a positive effect on the prevention of POST.     

人工肛袋对大便失禁病人肛周皮肤损伤的防治效果及护理

[目的]观察人工肛袋对大便失禁病人肛周皮肤损伤的防治效果。[方法]将50例病人随机分为实验组和对照组。实验组使用人工肛袋,给予精心的护理,对照组行常规护理,观察两组肛周皮肤及骶尾部压疮情况。[结果]实验组肛周皮肤完整优于对照组,骶尾部压疮少于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]人工肛袋用于大便失禁病人,操作方法简便,可减少大便护理工作时间、减轻大便对皮肤的刺激、减少压疮的发生。     

分级分期管理对压疮预防和治疗的研究

目的 探讨分级分期管理在压疮临床护理中的作用.方法 选择住院的压疮高危人群402例,随机分为干预组(202例)与对照组(200例),干预组进行临床护理压疮护理知识培训、成立二级压疮委员会、及时填写皮肤压疮危险度评分表和上报报告、分级分期进行护理,对照组采取常规护理方法,即对压疮高危人群进行翻身、按摩、治疗等方法,分析干预组与对照组压疮发生率.结果 对照组压疮发生率为2.3%,二三期发生率为1.5%;干预组压疮发生率为1.2%,二三期发生率为0.4%,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在压疮的临床护理中,进行分级分期管理对压疮的发生率有明显的降低,转归有显著的效果.     

Pressure ulcer prevention and treatment practices in inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

Although many strategies have been developed to prevent pressure ulcers, they remain a significant healthcare problem, particularly for chronically ill patients in rehabilitation facilities. This study describes self-reported pressure ulcer prevention and treatment practices in rehabilitation facilities. Surveys were sent to all 52 licensed inpatient rehabilitation facilities in Missouri; the response rate was 76.9%. Less than 30% of the facilities used inexpensive nursing interventions such as keeping the head of a patient's bed at or below a level of 30 degrees. Informally established protocols were used more frequently than the evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention and treatment guidelines issued by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Furthermore, only 50% of the respondent facilities used established, valid, and reliable risk assessment tools. There was little difference in the interventions used when a client either developed a pressure ulcer or was assessed as being at risk for an ulcer. These findings reveal a significant gap between research and practice and suggest a need to educate rehabilitation nurses about the most appropriate, evidence-based nursing interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers.     

Development of an exercise program for fall prevention for elderly persons in a long-term care facility

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop an exercise program for elderly individuals in a long‐term care facility. Developed through the synthesis of evidence‐based nursing with the use of available research related to falls and exercise, the program was designed to increase balance, mobility, and muscle strength in the lower extremities in order to prevent falls and improve the self‐efficacy of the patients. Methods: We developed an exercise program consisting of a warm‐up, static stretching, muscle strengthening in the lower extremities, toe exercises, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, and cool‐down. The study design was a prospective clinical trial. The intervention period was 3 months, with the outcomes measured before and after intervention and 3 months after cessation of the intervention. The 30 participants were elderly residents of a long‐term care facility, 16 of whom were in the intervention group and 14 of whom were in the control group. The outcome values were mobility, muscle strength in the lower extremities, postural sway, fall efficacy, and the number of fallers and falls. The Friedman test was used to analyze the effectiveness of the outcomes. Results: The intervention group showed increased balance, maintained mobility, and showed a decreased number of fallers and falls, although the muscle strength and fall efficacy did not increase. No training‐related medical problems occurred. Conclusion: The exercise program was shown to be acceptable to use for the prevention of falls among elderly individuals in a long‐term care facility.