关节镜下半月板部分切除及术后康复

目的研究膝关节镜下半月板部分切除及术后康复治疗半月板损伤的疗效。方法对膝关节单纯半月板损伤的110例病人,进行关节镜下半月板部分切除术,其中康复组56例术后早期进行康复治疗,包括下肢肌力和关节活动度练习,早期负重行走和下蹲练习;对照组术后未行系统康复治疗。术前和术后3个月分别进行膝关节功能的Lysholm评分。结果术前Lysholm评分,康复组为(61.3±5.7)分,对照组为(61.8±5.5)分;术后3个月时,康复组Lysholm评分为(93.6±3.8)分,对照组为(79.8±4.2)分。康复组与对照组比较,术前两组间Lysholm评分差异无显著性,术后3个月两组间Lysholm评分差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论膝关节镜下半月板部分切除及术后早期康复,可有效恢复病人的膝关节功能。     

关节镜下半月板部分切除术治疗膝关节半月板损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜下半月板部分切除术治疗膝关节半月板损伤疗效,并与半月板成形术、保守治疗比较。方法回顾性分析2012年9月-2015年9月该院95例膝关节半月板损伤患者的临床资料,根据治疗方案分为3组,半月板部分切除术组(37例)行关节镜下半月板部分切除术,半月板成形术组(30例)行关节镜下半月板成形术,保守治疗组(28例)拒绝手术患者给予保守治疗。治疗后6个月评估临床疗效;治疗后6个月和2年采用L-ROM测定评估膝关节活动度,发放视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估患者疼痛程度,发放Lysholm膝关节功能评分评估膝关节功能,记录3组远期并发症发生。结果半月板部分切除组治疗总有效率为97.30%和半月板成形术组的86.68%均高于保守治疗的53.57%(P0.05),半月板部分切除术组与半月板成形术组组间比较无差异(P0.05);与治疗前相比,3组患者治疗6个月、2年后膝关节活动度、Lysholm评分明显上升,VAS评分明显下降(P0.05),半月板部分切除术组、半月板成形术组治疗6个月、2年后膝关节活动度、VAS评分组间比较无差异(P0.05),但与保守治疗组比较差异明显(P0.05);半月板部分切除术组治疗6个月、2年后Lysholm评分明显高于半月板成形术组、保守治疗组(P0.05),半月板成形术组、保守治疗组组间比较有差异(P0.05)。结论关节镜手术治疗膝关节半月板损伤效果确切,且关节镜下半月板部分切除在改善膝关节功能上更具优势。     

运动员膝关节半月板损伤微创术后的康复

目的：研究运动员膝关节半月板损伤微创术后康复的特点及其存在问题。方法：本组病例分为A组（运动员组）36例，B组（普通人群组）45例，经临床检查与MRI检查术前诊断为膝关节半月板损伤，并由一位关节镜专科医师用微创外科技术行损伤半月板部分切除术。术后采用康复计划，由一组治疗师实施康复训练。随访时采用临床症状、体征、Lyshlom评分法、膝关节百分法进行评估。结果：A组2例，B组1例剧烈活动后关节疼痛，A组2例分别于术后8个月和16个月损伤膝关节前交叉韧带再手术，其余病例临床症状消失，关节功能正常。Lyshlom评分：A组术前：51.85±18.65，术后93.00±7.00，B组术前：52.38±16.02，术后：92.00±6.00（P＜0.01）。膝关节百分法：A组术前：49.56±16.64，术后：92.00±5.00；B组术前：50.43±16.02，术后：94.00±6.00（P＜0.01）。两组术前、术后评分相互比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论：采用微创外科技术及其康复计划治疗膝关节半月板损伤，无论是运动员还是非运动员都取得满意的临床效果，但对竞技运动员来讲，存在术后早期康复中过度负荷和训练引起临床症状的倾向，康复中后期的肌力训练和本体感觉训练等显然达不到运动员竞技状态恢复的要求，相关的研究值得康复医学界的重视。     

关节镜下半月板成形术在膝关节半月板损伤治疗中的应用

目的探讨关节镜下半月板成形术在膝关节半月板损伤治疗中的应用效果。方法选取该院2012年2月至2016年7月收治的95例膝关节半月板损伤患者进行研究,按随机数字表法将其分为研究组和对照组。研究组采用关节镜下半月板成形术治疗,对照组采用半月板切除术治疗,比较两组患者膝关节功能、Lysholm膝关节评分及膝关节主观功能(IKDC)评分改善情况。结果研究组膝关节功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=2.942,P0.05)。术前Lysholm膝关节评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组患者Lysholm膝关节评分均增高,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),术后14d及末次随访时研究组Lysholm膝关节评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前IKDC评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后两组患者IKDC评分均增高,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),术后14d及末次随访时研究组IKDC评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下半月板成形术治疗膝关节半月板损伤的远期疗效优于半月板切除术,可作为治疗膝关节半月板损伤的首选手术方式。     

关节镜全内缝合法治疗外侧半月板腘肌腱裂孔处撕裂的临床疗效分析

目的 评估在半月板缝合器辅助下关节镜全内缝合法治疗膝关节外侧腘肌腱裂孔处半月板撕裂的临床疗效。方法 选择2018年1月－2019年6月该院确诊为腘肌腱处半月板撕裂并行关节镜下全内缝合的患者32例。患者年龄20～47岁，平均（33.75±8.21）岁；男21例，女11例；左膝损伤14例，右膝损伤18例。术前及术后6个月随访时，采用Lysholm膝关节评分、Tegner膝关节运动评分和美国膝关节协会评分（KSS）评估患者膝关节功能恢复情况；术前及术后6个月，采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）及关节活动度评估患者疼痛及关节活动度改善情况。结果 术后患者均得到6个月的随访，Lysholm评分由术前的（56.80±10.34）分提高至（89.56±5.71）分，Tegner评分由（2.47±0.78）分提高至（5.63±1.21）分，KSS由（42.28±4.75）分提高至（89.28±3.95）分，VAS由（5.03±1.77）分降至（1.85±0.54）分，关节活动度由（51.34±16.19）°扩大至（126.38±6.03）°，术前术后比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 腘肌腱裂孔处半月板较松弛，采用缝合器辅助下关节镜全内缝合法，在缝合过程中将腘肌腱与半月板同时缝合，能够较大程度地改善患者术后临床症状，提高稳定性，加大关节活动度，值得临床推广应用。     

关节镜下两种手术方式治疗老年膝关节半月板损伤的疗效比较

目的对比关节镜下两种手术方式治疗老年膝关节半月板损伤的临床疗效。方法选取我院于2017年9月～2018年10月收治的90例老年膝关节半月板损伤患者,随机数表法分为两组各45例,观察组患者选择关节镜下半月板成形术进行治疗,对照组患者选择关节镜下半月板缝合术进行治疗,对比两种治疗方法的临床效果。结果观察组治疗总优良率(88.89%)比对照组(71.11%)高(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后Lysholm评分和功能改善评分均比对照组高(P<0.05)。结论将关节镜下半月板成形术应用于老年膝关节半月板损伤治疗中效果确切,可将患者的膝关节功能改善。     

玻璃酸钠用于膝关节半月板损伤关节镜治疗术后近期疗效评价

目的评价玻璃酸钠应用于膝关节半月板损伤行关节镜半月板修整成型术后患者的近期疗效。方法 2008年9月-2009年3月,共收治50例膝关节半月板损伤患者,男29例,女21例,年龄18～65岁。采用随机、对照方法将患者分为两组:试验组25例,为关节镜术后应用玻璃酸钠组;对照组25例,为关节镜术后空白对照组。随访时间3～6个月,无失访患者。两组治疗前后采用Lysholm评分对膝关节功能进行评定。结果随访发现两组术后关节症状均好转。两组术前和术后1周Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05),两组术后2、3、4、5周Lysholm评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论膝关节半月板损伤患者,行关节镜手术后应用玻璃酸钠,有利于其术后的康复。     

运用interference可吸收界面螺钉和Intrafix技术固定四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨intrafix和interference可吸收界面螺钉固定自体四股胭绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（Anterior Cruciate Ligament，ACL）的手术方法，评价其临床疗效。方法ACL损伤需行重建手术的患者21例，男15例，女6例：年龄21～43岁，平均32岁；左膝14例，右膝7例。病程7d至1个月，平均18．5d。损伤原因：车祸伤10例，运动损伤6例，摔伤2例，重物砸伤3例；均为急性损伤。合并内侧副韧带损伤4例，外侧副韧带损伤1例，外侧半月板损伤1例，内侧半月板损伤1例。Lachman试验术前14例3＋，4例2＋，3例1＋。术前Lysholm评分平均为（54．1±4．8）。所有患者关节镜下以自体四股胭绳肌腱为ACL重建移植物，应用interference可吸收界面螺钉固定股骨隧道移植物，intrafix固定胫骨隧道移植物，行21例ACL损伤病例重建术。用Lysholm功能评分标准评估术后膝关节功能。结果随访10—13个月，平均11．5个月。Lachman试验：18例≤1＋，3例为2＋。按Lysholm功能评分标准评估膝关节功能，术前平均为（54．1±4．8），终末随访时平均（93．3±3．3），差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论关节镜下Intrafix和可吸收界面螺钉固定自体四股胭绳肌腱重建ACL，移植物坚强，固定可靠。允许膝关节早期功能锻炼，能较好地恢复ACL损伤膝关节的功能。     

中药熏蒸配合功能锻炼对膝关节镜下半月板手术患者功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨中药熏蒸配合功能锻炼对膝关节镜下半月板手术患者功能恢复的影响。方法:将100例行膝关节镜手术的半月板损伤患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,各50例。对照组给予常规功能锻炼;治疗组采用中药熏蒸配合功能锻炼的分期康复训练的方法。术前和术后3个月分别进行膝关节功能的Lysholm评分。结果:治疗组膝关节功能改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:中药熏蒸配合功能锻炼对膝关节镜下半月板手术患者膝关节功能恢复有积极意义。     

半月板部分切除和非手术治疗膝内侧半月板退行性损伤的对比研究

目的比较关节镜下半月板部分切除和系统非手术治疗退行性膝关节内侧半月板损伤的临床疗效。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选取2016年8月至2017年6月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院骨科收治的退行性膝关节内侧半月板损伤患者62例,所有患者均接受膝关节磁共振检查证实为退行性膝关节内侧半月板损伤。按照单纯随机抽样法将患者分为手术治疗组和非手术治疗组,每组各31例。手术治疗组患者接受关节镜下膝关节内侧半月板部分切除,非手术治疗组患者采用口服非甾体抗生素、冲击波和运动疗法治疗。治疗前和治疗后6个月分别使用膝关节损伤和骨关节炎结果评分(KOOS评分)、Tegner活动度评定量表(Tegner评分)和Lysholm膝关节评分(Lysholm评分)评价膝关节功能和疼痛程度,并且比较两种方法的治疗效果。结果截止到2018年1月,除3例患者失访外,59例患者获得完整门诊随访,其中手术治疗组30例,非手术治疗组29例。手术组治疗前KOOS评分、Tegner活动度评定量表评分和Lysholm膝关节评分分别为(308.8±11.2)分,(3.3±1.2)分和(65.2±9.6)分;而非手术治疗组治疗前上述指标分别为(306.7±10.3)分,(3.4±1.3)分和(64.8±8.1)分;两组各评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月后,手术组患者KOOS评分、Tegner活动度评定量表评分和Lysholm膝关节评分分别为(310.6±10.8)分、(3.5±1.3)分、(65.2±9.6)分,非手术治疗组上述指标分别为(359.1±18.4)分、(4.6±1.7)分、(73.2±10.1)分,非手术组各评分均明显优于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非手术组优良率(72.4%)明显高于手术组(46.7%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于退行性膝关节内侧半月板损伤,系统非手术治疗的效果优于关节镜下半月板部分切除的临床疗效,所以首选推荐使用系统的非手术治疗方法。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.