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1.
张毅  严进军 《中国临床研究》2014,(10):1242-1244
目的观察丙泊酚联合不同剂量瑞芬太尼靶控输注行全麻诱导时患者血流力学以及脑电双频指数的变化,探讨适用于腹腔镜短小手术的瑞芬太尼诱导剂量。方法选择腹腔镜全麻手术患者60例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,根据靶控输注瑞芬太尼的效应室浓度不同随机分为3组,每组20例,即E组(2.0 ng/ml)、F组(3.0 ng/ml)和Q组(4.0 ng/ml)组。丙泊酚血浆靶浓度均为4μg/ml,同时以瑞芬太尼行靶控输注。在麻醉诱导过程中,记录患者入室后5 min时刻(T0)、插管前时刻(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)、3 min(T3)和5 min(T4)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脑电双频指数(BIS)、瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚用量及预计苏醒时间。结果气管插管后Q组BIS值明显低于E组或F组(P均〈0.05)。E组和F组T2时刻BIS值较插管前稍微增高和无变化,但未超过60,均在麻醉适宜深度,术后随访,患者无术中知晓。E组MAP、HR在T2、T3时刻均显著高于T1时刻(P均〈0.05)。F组MAP、HR仅在T2时刻高于T1时刻(P均〈0.05)。Q组仅MAP在T2时刻高于T1时刻(P〈0.05),HR无显著变化。瑞芬太尼用量Q组高于E组和F组。预计苏醒时间E组和F组短于Q组。结论丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注行全麻诱导时,随着瑞芬太尼效应室浓度增加,BIS值逐渐降低并抑制血流动力学反应。瑞芬太尼3.0 ng/ml联合丙泊酚血浆靶浓度4μg/ml靶控输注,适用于腹腔镜短小手术的麻醉。  相似文献   

2.
目的 观察靶控输注依托咪酯复合瑞芬太尼加用咪达唑仑或丙泊酚用于肠镜检查中的麻醉效果.方法 择期ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级行电子肠镜检查患者80例,随机分为A组(瑞芬太尼+依托咪酯+咪达唑仑)40例、B组(瑞芬太尼+依托咪酯+丙泊酚)40例.记录麻醉前(T0)、达到目标效应室浓度(T1)、靶控输注2 min(T2)、停药时(T3)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2);抽取T1、T3时点动脉血,检测氧分压(PaO2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2);记录麻醉诱导时间、停药后清醒时间、靶控输注依托咪酯总量、阿托品、麻黄素用量;观察各组肌颤、体动、恶心、呕吐、呼吸暂停、清醒后头晕等不良反应发生率.结果 两组SBP、DBP、HR、RR、SpO2及PaCO2不同时点比较及组间比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);两组PaO2T1时与T3时组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);B组清醒时间较A组短(P<0.05);肌颤、头晕的发生率较A组低(P均<0.05),体动、恶心、呕吐的发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 靶控输注依托咪酯,配伍小剂量丙泊酚,复合瑞芬太尼,是更适于肠镜检查的麻醉方式.  相似文献   

3.
[目的]比较靶控输注瑞芬太尼与丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉和靶控输注瑞芬太尼与七氟醚静吸复合麻醉在妇科腹腔镜术中的麻醉效果.[方法]选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者52例,随机均分为瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉组(RP组)与瑞芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合麻醉组(RS组).RP组麻醉维持用瑞芬太尼与丙泊酚靶控输注,RS组采用靶控输注瑞芬太尼及吸入七氟醚维持麻醉.观察和测定麻醉前10 min(T0)、插管后1 min(T1)、气腹后15 min(T2)及停气腹后15 min(T3)4个时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血糖(BG)、皮质醇(Cor),并记录两组患者术毕停药后自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间及定向力恢复时间.术后24 h 随访恶心、呕吐、躁动发生率,有无术中知晓以及患者满意度.[结果]两组4个时间点的MAP、HR、Cor、BG组间比较差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);组内比较,两组MAP、HR在T1、T2两时点与T0比较均下降(P〈0.05),两组Cor在T2、T3与T0时点比较均明显下降(P0.05).两组均无术中知晓,RS组的恶心、呕吐例数多于RP组(P〈0.05).患者术后满意度均为100%.[结论]靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或七氟醚用于妇科腹腔镜手术,均能维持术中血流动力学稳定以及较好的抑制插管和气腹造成的应激反应,术后苏醒迅速,尽管RS组术后恶心、呕吐多于RP组,但两种方法均能被病人较好的接受.  相似文献   

4.
冯涛 《医学临床研究》2011,28(4):679-680,683
[目的]观察靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚用于无痛小肠镜检查的效果.[方法 ]将40例ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,小肠镜检查患者随机分为两组(n=20),分别靶控输注瑞芬太尼3.0 ng/mL复合丙泊酚2.0 μg/mL(RP组)和单纯靶控丙泊酚4.0 μg/mL(P组),两组均未用术前药.常规监护后进行血浆靶控输注,待效应室达到预...  相似文献   

5.
目的通过脑电双频指数(BIS)监护反馈下调节靶控输注麻醉药的药物浓度在骨科全凭静脉麻醉手术的应用,探讨其应用效果和推广价值。方法骨科脊柱手术患者90例,ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级全凭静脉麻醉随机数字表法分为三组,每组30例。A组:恒速泵注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、顺式阿曲库铵BIS监护组;B组:靶控输注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、顺式阿曲库铵BIS监护组;C组:靶控输注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、顺式阿曲库铵BIS反馈组。记录患者麻醉诱导前(T1)、麻醉插管前(T2)、切皮后(T3)、上钉棒系统时(T4)、缝皮(T5)、意识恢复(T6)、拔管(T7)7个时间点,记录平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、脉搏氧饱和度(Sp O2)、BIS值、入睡时间、苏醒拔管时间、麻醉药用药总量,记录不良反应。结果 MAP、HR:三组T2时均较T1时下降,其中B组下降幅度明显大于A、C组(P<0.05),T3、T4、T5时B组均低于C组(均P<0.05),A组不稳定。BIS值:B、C组诱导时段变化程度快于A组(P<0.05),T3、T4、T5时B组均低于C组(均P<0.05),A组不稳定。入睡时间:A组快于B、C组(均P<0.05),B、C组间差异无统计学意义。复苏拔管时间:C组明显短于A、B组(均P<0.05)。结论靶控输注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼、顺式阿曲库铵BIS反馈组,具有生命体征更加平稳、复苏更快、不良反应少等优点,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

6.
目的观察预输液对无痛肠镜检查过程中血流动力学的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级需做无痛肠镜检查的患者100例,按随机数字表法分为预输液组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组),每组50例;Ⅰ组在检查前预输入乳酸钠林格氏液10 m L/kg,Ⅱ组不输任何液体,监测血压、心率(HR)、心电图、血氧饱和度(Sp O2),面罩吸氧4~6 L/min,静脉推注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼混合液,首次缓慢推入丙泊酚的量为1. 5~2 mg/kg,患者睫毛反射消失后肠镜检查,术中出现体动时静脉追加丙泊酚混合液2~3 m L,退镜时停注麻醉药。观察指标:推药前(T0)、推药后即刻(T1)、推药后4 min(T2)、结束时(T3),苏醒(呼之能睁眼)时(T4)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、HR、Sp O2,苏醒后的恶心呕吐、头晕等情况。结果与T0时比较,T1、T2、T3、T4时两组SBP、DBP、MAP、HR均明显降低(P 0. 05)。与Ⅱ组比较,T1、T2、T3、T4时Ⅰ组SBP、DBP、MAP均明显高于Ⅱ组,HR慢于Ⅱ组(P 0. 05);Ⅰ组低血压、恶心呕吐、头晕发生率明显低于Ⅱ组(P 0. 05)。结论预输入乳酸钠林格氏液10 m L/kg,患者无痛肠镜检查过程中血流动力学更加稳定,苏醒后恶心呕吐发生率更低。  相似文献   

7.
谢虹 《医学临床研究》2010,27(5):869-871
[目的]探讨瑞芬太尼与丙泊酚双通道靶控输注(TCI)用于无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的合理配伍.[方法]选择40例次需行纤支镜(经口)检查的患者,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机分为四组.分别输注瑞芬太尼0.2 ng/mL、0.4 ng/mL、0.6 ng/mL、0.8 ng/mL,待瑞芬太尼达稳定血药浓度后,靶控输注丙泊酚3.0 μg/mL.观察进镜不同时期的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、脑电双频指数(BIS)值以及诱导时间、唤醒时间和定向力恢复时间,记录呼吸抑制、体动、呛咳等不良反应发生的情况.[结果]与其他三组相比,输注瑞芬太尼0.6 ng/mL组的各项观测指标优于其他三组.[结论]使用3.0 μg/mL丙泊酚复合0.6 ng/mL瑞芬太尼为纤支镜检查的一种安全有效的配伍方案.  相似文献   

8.
目的 :研究瑞芬太尼靶控输注结合丙泊酚用于结肠镜检查的麻醉。方法 :结肠镜检查 6 8例 ,随机分为瑞芬太尼 (A组 )与芬太尼 (B组 )两组 ,每组 34例。A组 ,瑞芬太尼以血浆靶浓度 1ng/ml给药 ;B组单次给芬太尼 1μg/kg。 1min后 ,全部病人静注丙泊酚 0 .5mg/kg负荷量 ,继以缓慢间断推注每次 10mg ,至RamsayⅢ~Ⅳ级。记录诱导、插镜、苏醒及留观时间。记录各时点MAP、HR、SpO2 、PETCO2 、RR及BIS值。记录术中肢动、呼吸暂停次数。随访病人满意度。结果 :A组病人的诱导、清醒、留观时间匀显著少于B组 (P <0 .0 1)。丙泊酚用量A组显著少于B组 (P <0 .0 1) ,术中A组的MAP下降低于B组 (P <0 .0 1)。术中肢动A组少于B组 ,呼吸抑制A组大于B组。病人的满意度A组高于B组。结论 :静脉血浆靶控输注瑞芬太尼结合丙泊酚镇静可能是门诊麻醉更为可取的方法 ,但需加强呼吸监护与管理。  相似文献   

9.
目的观察靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉用于腹腔镜子宫切除术的有效性和安全性。方法将60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级拟行择期腹腔镜子宫切除术的患者随机分为2组,每组30例。Ⅰ组为芬太尼、丙泊酚、安氟醚静吸复合麻醉组,Ⅱ组为瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉组。观察2组患者入室后(T1)、诱导后(T2)、插管后(T3)、充气后30s(T4)、术毕(T5)各时点血压、心率变化及麻醉恢复情况(睁眼、拔除气管导管时间)。结果Ⅱ组患者T2、T3、T4时的MAP均低于Ⅰ组(P均<0.05),Ⅱ组患者T2时的心率低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),T5时心率高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其余各时间点的心率、血压2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。Ⅱ组患者术后清醒及拔管时间均短于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论靶控输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼静脉麻醉可安全有效地用于腹腔镜子宫切除术,可抑制插管时的应激反应,术中患者生命体征平稳,术后苏醒迅速,且缩短患者手术室停留时间。  相似文献   

10.
陈伟  李卫  夏氢  王健 《实用医学杂志》2012,28(16):2787-2789
目的:观察丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合喉罩通气在无痛纤维支气管镜检查中的应用效果.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ ~Ⅱ级,年龄20~65岁,拟行无痛纤维支气管镜检查的患者40例,随机分为两组:靶控输注组(T组,n=20)和手动输注组(M组,n=20).前者通过丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注进行麻醉诱导和维持,而后者通过手动输注丙泊酚和芬太尼进行麻醉诱导和维持.观察记录两组患者检查中平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)的变化,观察两组患者的镜检条件及检查中的不良反应,记录两组患者自主呼吸恢复时间、足够通气恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、定向力恢复时间、拔除喉罩时间及离开PACU时间.结果:两组患者的MAP、HR及SpO2在同一时刻组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组患者镜检条件相当(P>0.05);但T组患者自主呼吸恢复时间、足够通气恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、定向力恢复时间、拔除喉罩时间及离开PACU时间均比M组患者相应时间明显缩短(P<0.05).结论:丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注联合喉罩通气可安全应用于无痛纤维支气管镜检查,实现了无痛纤维支气管镜检查患者快速平稳苏醒.  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

15.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

16.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

17.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

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