Two-level percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for highly migrated upper lumbar disc herniation: A case report

BACKGROUND The technique of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy(PELD)as a transforaminal approach has been used to treat highly migrated lower lumbar disc herniations.However,due to the different anatomic characteristics of the upper lumbar spine,conventional transforaminal PELD may fail to remove the highly migrated upper lumbar disc nucleus pulposus.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to describe a novel surgical technique,two-level PELD,for the treatment of highly migrated upper lumbar disc herniations and to report its related clinical outcomes.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old male presented with a complaint of pain at his lower back and right lower limb.The patient received 3 mo of conservative treatments but the symptoms were not alleviated.Physical examination revealed a positive femoral nerve stretch test and a negative straight leg raise test for the right leg,and preoperative visual analog scale(VAS)score for the lower back was 6 points and for the right leg was 8 points.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)demonstrated L2-L3 disc herniation on the right side and the herniated nucleus pulposus migrated to the upper margin of L2 vertebral body.According to physical examination and imaging findings,surgery was the primary consideration.Therefore,the patient underwent surgical treatment with two-level PELD.The pain symptom was relieved and the VAS score for back and thigh pain was one point postoperatively.The patient was asymptomatic and follow-up MRI scan 1 year after operation revealed no residual nucleus pulposus.CONCLUSION Two-level PELD as a transforaminal approach can be a safe and effective procedure for highly migrated upper lumbar disc herniation.     

星状神经节阻滞治疗面部顽固性疼痛1例

1 Case abstract Patient, male,68 years old,got obstinate facial pain 10 years ago after nerve block due to trigeminal neuralgia.Pain resulted in following dysfunction:facial asymmetry,atrophic left facial muscle was 1/2 size of right;Myodynamy decreased,only soft and semiliquid food could be taken and compensation of right muscle was needed;Pselaphesia and thalposis were lost and there was on feeling to water at 40 ℃ .Continuous facial pain led to unstable mood,diet decreasing,bad sleepness,light weight,bad facial impressions and mental disturbance at the end.Once took sedative analgesic drugs such as valium,but effect was unobvious.Diagnosis: left facial pain.According to case history,symptoms,block of left ganglion stellatum was adopted.Dorsal position,head hypsokinesis to expose neck, operator pushed common carotid artery towards external side, and inserted needle at cricoid cartilage level,between trachea and common carotid artery towards C7 transverse process,withdrew needle when feeling substance of bone, if no blood and brain fluid returned, injected 5 ml of 2% lidocaine.After withdrawing,Horner's syndrome and facial burning sensation at the same side often appeared,but complications from celostomea,numb of upper limb to dyspnea weren't found.One time every two days, 5 times as a therapeutic course,the interval was 2 weeks,and 3 therapeutic courses in total.Therapeutic effect was expressed by version analogue scale(VAS):Drew a thick line and divided it into 10 parts,0 indicated no pain,10 indicate severe pain.Patient drew at corresponding position to express his pain degree.Before treatment,VAS score was 7,after 1 therapeutic course decreased to 4,after 2 therapeutic courses,2～ 3,after 3 therapeutic courses it was 0～ 1.With the improvement of disease,atrophy of left facial muscle was also improved and closed to the size of right.pselaphesia and thalposis recovered,masticatory function improved,sleeplessness disappeared,other complications improved much.     

看病时常用的英文

1.He feels headache,nausea and vomiting.2.He is under the weather.3.He began to feel unusually tired.4.He feels light-headed.5.She has been shut-in for afew days.6.Her headis pounding.7.His symptoms include loss of appetite,weight loss,excessivefatigue,fever and chills.8.He feels exhausted or fatigued most of the ti me.9.He has beenlackingin energy for some ti me.10.He feels drowsy,dizzy and nauseated.11.He feels as though everything around hi mis spinning.12.He has noticed some loss of hea…     

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen,a rare cause for splenectomy: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation(SANT)is a rare benign disease of the spleen with unknown origin.Clinical symptoms are inhomogeneous,and suspicious splenic lesion often found incidentally,leading to splenectomy,as malignancy cannot securely be ruled out.Diagnosis is made histologically after resection.CASE SUMMARY Two cases of German,white,non-smoking,and non-drinking patients of normal weight are presented.The first one is a 26-year-old man without medical history who was exhibiting an undesired weight loss of 10 kg and recurring vomiting for about 18 mo.The second one is a 65-year-old woman with hypertension who had previously undergone gynecological surgery,suffering from a lasting feeling of abdominal fullness.Both showed radiologically an inhomogeneous splenic lesion leading to splenectomy approximately 6 and 9 wk after surgical presentation.Both diagnoses of SANT were made histologically.Follow-up went well,and both were treated according to the recommendation for asplenic patients.CONCLUSION SANT is a rare cause of splenectomy and an incidental histological finding.Further research should focus on clinical and radiological diagnosis of SANT as well as on treatment of patients with asymptomatic and small findings.     

Two case reports and literature review for hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma: Pitfall of misdiagnosis

BACKGROUND Hepatic epithelioid angiomyolipoma(HEAML) is a rare liver disease and is easily misdiagnosed. Enhanced recognition of HEAML is beneficial to the differential diagnosis of rare liver diseases.CASE SUMMARY We presented two cases of HEAML in Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, and then collected and analyzed all reports about HEAML recorded in PubMed, MEDLINE, China Science Periodical Database, and VIP database from January 2000 to March 2018. A total of 409 cases of HEAML in 97 reports were collected, with a ratio of men to women of 1:4.84 and an age range from 12 years to 80 years(median 44 years). Among the patients with clinical symptoms mentioned, 61.93%(205/331) were asymptomatic, 34.74%(115/331) showed upper or right upper quadrant abdomen discomfort, while a few of them showed abdominal mass, gastrointestinal symptoms, low fever, or weight loss. The misdiagnosis rate of HEAML was as high as 40.34%(165/409) due to its nonspecific imaging findings. Most of the tumors were solitary and round in morphology, with clear boundaries. Ultrasound scan indicated low echo with internal nonuniformity and rich blood supply in most cases. Computer tomography/magnetic resonance imaging enhanced scan showed varied characteristics. The ratio of fast wash-in and fast wash-out, fast wash-in and slow wash-out, and delayed enhancement was roughly 4:5:1. A definite diagnosis of HEAML depended on the pathological findings of the epithelioid cells in lesions and the expression of human melanoma black 45, smooth muscle actin,melanoma antigen, and actin by immunohistochemical staining. HEAML had a relatively low malignant rate of 3.91%. However, surgical resection was the main treatment for HEAML, due to the difficulty diagnosing before operation.CONCLUSION HEAML is a rare and easily misdiagnosed disease, and it should be diagnosed carefully, taking into account clinical course, imaging, pathological,and immunohistochemical findings.     

Duodenal mature teratoma causing partial intestinal obstruction: A first case report in an adult

BACKGROUND A teratoma is a germ cell tumor that is composed of tissue derived from two or three germ layers.Duodenal teratomas are extremely rare and have been exclusively reported in neonates and children.This is the third case of a teratoma primarily arising in the duodenum and the first case that occurred in an adult.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old male presented with clinical partial gut obstruction(epigastric pain,nausea,and vomiting).The physical examination showed a palpable illdefined mass on the left side of the abdomen.The computed tomography scan revealed a multiseptated cystic tumor at the retroperitoneal area.First,he underwent gastrojejunostomy to relieve the symptoms and was referred to a tertiary-care hospital.The second operation revealed a 10-cm solid-cystic mass originating from the third part of the duodenum and adhering to the abdominal aorta and pancreas.Segmental duodenectomy was performed.The pathological diagnosis was a mature cystic teratoma.The patient was asymptomatic at 5 mo after the operation.CONCLUSION Duodenal teratomas are extremely rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients who present with intestinal obstruction.Radiological imaging is helpful to reach the preoperative diagnosis.Multidisciplinary team planning is essential to avoid injury to the adjacent organ in duodenal operation.     

Commentary on the Chinese Translation of the CONSORT Extension for Harms

It is a great pleasure and honour forme to see the ex2tension oftheCONSORT statementforharms[1]trans2lated in theChinese language and published in theChi2nese Journal ofEvidence2BasedMedicine.The contri2bution ofChina to research in general and in medicalresearch in particular is expanding at a very rapid pace.Iwaspleasantly surprised a couple ofyears ago,when Ifirst realized that the number of Chinese biomedicaljournals is ofa similarmagnitude as the totalnumber ofthe mostly English2lan…     

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following transsphenoidal surgery for craniopharyngioma: A case report

BACKGROUND Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)is a rare condition in patients with craniopharyngioma following transsphenoidal surgery.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for craniopharyngioma 26 d ago presented gradual headache and cerebrospinal fluid leakage while vomiting 5 d post-discharge and required readmission to our department of neurosurgery.After admission,head imaging examination showed a hyperdense shadow in the superior sagittal sinus and right transverse sinus,edema at the bilateral parietal lobe,and hemorrhage at the left parietal lobe and right occipital lobe;the venous phase of cerebral angiography revealed CVST.The patient was treated immediately by intravenous thrombolysis,endovascular thrombolysis,and mechanical thrombectomy after the definite diagnosis.However,the neurological status of the patient continued to deteriorate and he died on the fourth day after readmission.CONCLUSION For craniopharyngioma undergoing transsphenoidal surgery,it is vital to take an effective strategy to manage the postoperative complications,such as diabetes insipidus,severe electrolyte imbalance,and cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Additionally,the early differential diagnosis of CVST is essential when it develops clinical symptoms,especially in patients following transsphenoidal surgery with a high risk of CVST.Subsequently,the timely and effective treatment of the CVST is critical for preventing neurological deterioration.     

SARS CORONAVIRUS ENRICHED IN LYMPHOCYTES ：AN EARLY DETECTION OF SARS

[Objective] Because of the highly contagious nature of the SARS-Coronavirns (CoV),a rapid and reliable diagnostic test is urgently needed for making a definite diagnosis at early phase so that infected individuals can be isolated while avoiding blanket quarantines and the unnecessary burden on the medical care system. Unfortanantly,current kits/procedures had only less than 20% positive detecting rate with serum or other samples of real SARS patients. Due to the compositions varies with times and individuals, the septtan and lung lavage are impossible to serve as a standardized sample source for the comparison or monitoring of viral load. Therefore, the currently avAilAble kits/procedm‘es should be improved and a good sample source should be identified. [Methods] Viral RNA in two hundred microlitter plasma or one million lymphocytes from SARS patients were extracted with Trizol, and then entire RNA was used as a template in a modified procedure of RT- PCR. CoV viral load was quantified in 45 patients at different phases of SARS infection and compared between the paired samples of plasma and lymphocytes obtained from 5 patients who had recovered from SARS for 2 months and lived in a normal life. [Results] Our methods detected CoV at a level of a few copies with 60-80% positive detection rate for plasma from SARS patients within 1 to 7 days after fever, which was much more sensitive than other current available method (positive rate at 8%—20%). The mean viral copies in 17 acute phase patients ( 1 to 7 days after fever) was 8,951, while that in 18 sub-acute phase patients (13 to 36 days after fever) was 98 and that in 10 recovered patients (79 to 91 days after fever) was 88. Importantly,tbe levels of CoV in lymphocytes of 5 patients who had recovered from SARS for 2 months were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that in the plasma. [Conclusions] The early and definite diagnosis of SARS can be achieved by our modified RT-PCR. CoV load peaked during the acute phase and rapidly dropped in sub-acute and recovery phases. The lymphocytes may be the targets or reservoir for CoV and are the best sample source for early SARS diagnosis and the monitoring of CoV infections.     

Hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Hepatoid carcinoma(HC)is an extremely rare neoplasm that is morphologicallysimilar to hepatocellular carcinoma.HC has been described in various organs;however,HC of the pancreas is extremely rare.To our knowledge,only 38 caseshave been reported.We present a case of HC of the pancreas in a 36-year-oldmale patient.CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old cachexic man with no significant past medical history wastransferred to our hospital with a history of painless jaundice,elevated bloodglucose and significant weight loss.Lab tests showed elevated serumtransaminases,bilirubin and alpha-fetoprotein levels.Magnetic resonanceimaging of the upper abdomen showed a diffusely enlarged pancreas,appearing“sausage-shaped”.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showedupstream ductal dilation secondary to stricture of the main pancreatic duct andthe common bile duct,which were not visible.Immunohistochemistry ofbiopsied tissue from a percutaneous pancreatic biopsy showed tumor cellpositivity for HepPar1,polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen and CK19,suggestive of HC of the pancreas.The characteristics of 39 patients with HC ofthe pancreas were reviewed.CONCLUSION HC of the pancreas is more prevalent in males,and patients have a median age of57 years.It is most commonly asymptomatic or presents as abdominal back pain,and the pancreatic tail is the most common location.At the time of diagnosis,liver metastasis is often present.     

Spontaneous superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection: an unusual cause of abdominal pain

A 44-year-old woman presented to our Emergency Department with a 4-day history of severe, sharp left upper quadrant abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. She had been seen 3 days prior at another Emergency Department, and had a negative work-up including a normal non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen/pelvis for possible kidney stone. Vital signs were: temperature 36.3°C (97.3°F), pulse 100 beats/min, respiratory rate 18 breaths/min, and blood pressure 141/80 mm Hg. Physical examination was remarkable for marked tenderness in the left upper and middle quadrants and voluntary guarding. Bowel sounds were normal. Although laboratory studies were normal, a CT scan of the abdomen/pelvis with intravenous contrast suggested a superior mesenteric artery dissection. This was confirmed with arteriography. The clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of superior mesenteric artery dissection are reviewed.     

The management of dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a general term that describes pain or discomfort that is centred in the upper abdomen. It reportedly affects up to 40 per cent of adults in any one year. A test and treat strategy is now recommended for all patients with uncomplicated dyspepsia. Any patient presenting with alarm features, such as recurrent vomiting or dysphagia, should be referred to a specialist for further investigation.     

Rare etiology of mechanical intestinal obstruction: Abdominal cocoon syndrome

Abdominal cocoon syndrome is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction with unknown etiology. Diagnosis of this syndrome, which can be summarized as the small intestine being surrounded by a fibrous capsule not containing the mesothelium, is difficult in the preoperative period. A 47-year-old male patient was referred to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for two days. The abdominal computed tomography examination detected dilated small intestinal loops containing air-fluid levels clustered in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen and surrounded by a thick, saclike, contrast-enhanced membrane. During exploratory surgery, a capsular structure was identified in the upper left quadrant with a regular surface that was solid-fibrous in nature. Abdominal cocoon syndrome is a rarely seen condition, for which the preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The combination of physical examination and radiological signs, and the knowledge of “recurrent characteristics of the complaints” that can be learned by a careful history, may be helpful in diagnosis.     

Misdiagnosis of ligamentoid fibromatosis of the small mesenteric: A case report

BACKGROUNDLigamentoid fibromatosis is a rare borderline tumor that occurs in the muscles, fascia, and aponeurosis. It is a kind of soft tissue tumor of fibrous origin, also known as invasive fibromatosis, desmoid fibroma, neurofibromatosis, etc. The tumor is between benign and malignant tumors and rarely has distant metastasis. Its characteristics are mainly local invasion, destruction and growth and easy recurrence. The World Health Organization defines it as a fibroblast cloning value-added lesion originating from deep soft tissue, which causes local invasion and growth leading to tissue reconstruction, extrusion and destruction of important structures and organs. The incidence rate accounts for 0.03% of all tumors and less than 3% of all soft tissue tumors. Definite diagnosis mainly depends on postoperative pathology. Surgical resection is still the main way to treat the disease, and a variety of nonsurgical treatment methods are auxiliary. Combined treatment can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence.CASE SUMMARYThe patient is a 57-year-old female. One week ago, she accidentally found a mass in the left upper abdomen while lying flat. There was no abdominal pain and abdominal distention, no fever, no black stool and blood in the stool and no nausea and vomiting. She had a 10-year history of glaucoma on the left side, underwent hysterectomy for uterine fibroids 5 years ago, had no hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, hepatitis or tuberculosis, had no history of smoking and had been drinking for 20 years.CONCLUSIONAccurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult, surgical resection is the main treatment, and a variety of nonsurgical treatment methods are auxiliary. Combined treatment can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence. The prognosis is still good, and the risk of recurrence of secondary surgery is greatly increased.     

Gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma with appendiceal involvement

Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular tumor manifesting as nodular lesions on skin, mucous membranes, or internal organs. This is a case of a 42-year-old human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV) positive bisexual male, not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) since diagnosis four years ago. He presented with a three-day history of abdominal pains, fever, vomiting, and a one-week history of melena stools. Endoscopy revealed Kaposi sarcoma in the stomach and duodenum. Postendoscopy, he developed acute abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy revealed extensive Kaposi sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract with appendiceal involvement. The patient underwent appendectomy and had an uneventful recovery. A review of the literature discusses appendiceal Kaposi sarcoma with appendicitis, a rare but critical manifestation of gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma.     

儿童大网膜扭转超声诊断分析11例

目的探讨超声对儿童大网膜扭转的诊断价值。 方法收集2017年3月至2019年10月来哈尔滨市儿童医院就诊的11例大网膜扭转患儿的临床资料，回顾性分析其超声二维图像、彩色多普勒声像图表现，并与手术结果对比分析，总结其超声诊断特点，分析漏诊原因。 结果11例患儿中，右上腹大网膜扭转7例，右中腹大网膜扭转1例，右下腹大网膜扭转1例，中上腹大网膜扭转1例，左上腹大网膜扭转1例。术前超声正确诊断10例（90.9%），漏诊1例（9.1%）。超声的特征性表现为局部大网膜增厚，回声增强，多位于右上腹，整体形态呈三角形或纺锤形，增厚网膜头侧可探及旋涡状略低回声团块。10例确诊病例均经手术证实为大网膜扭转。漏诊病例首诊超声提示大网膜炎性改变，最终经手术证实为大网膜扭转合并梗死。 结论超声诊断儿童大网膜扭转具有较高的准确性，可为临床治疗提供术前诊断依据。     

A randomized, open-label, crossover study examining the effect of injection site on bioavailability of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4)

BACKGROUND: Exenatide (synthetic exendin-4;AC2993) is a 39-amino acid peptide in the new class of antidiabetic agents known as incretin mimetics. In clinical trials, exenatide exhibited glucoregulatory effects (glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the relative bioavailability of exenatide injected subcutaneously into the abdomen, arm, or thigh. METHODS: Patients with type 2 DM were randomized in an open-label, crossover study to assess relative bioavailability of exenatide (10 microg) injected into the arm and thigh versus injection into the abdomen. Serial plasma exenatide concentrations were measured for 10 hours after injection. A sample size of >24 patients provided approximately 80% power to ensure that 90% CIs were within the 80% to 125% interval for the ratios (geometric least squares [LS] means) of AUC(0-infinity). RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients were randomized into the study (mean age, 56 [8] years; glycosylated hemoglobin, 8.0 [1.7]%; body mass index, 33 [5] kg/m2; all values given as mean [SD]). AUC(0-infinity) values (geometric LS mean SE for SC injections into the abdomen arm and thigh were 63,935 (6608), 59,573 (6157), and 62,148 (6424) pg./mL, respectively. The AUC (geometric LS mean ratio for relative bioavailability) for arm versus abdomen was 0.93 (geometric 90% CI, 0.82-1.05); for thigh versus abdomen it was 0.97 (geometric 90% CI, 0.86-1.10). Consistent with the observed data, intrasubject variability of AUC(0-infinity) was low among the 3 treatments (coefficient of variation, 26%). C(max) values (geometric LS mean [SE]) were 220 (24) pg/mL, abdomen; 218 (23) pg/mL, arm; and 193 (21) pg/mL, thigh. The C(max) (geometric LS mean ratio) for arm versus abdomen was 0.99 (geometric 90% CI, 0.85-1.15), and for thigh versus abdomen it was 0.88 (geometric 90% CI, 0.75-1.02). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate nausea (36%), headache (25%), vomiting (21%), and dizziness (18%). Three patients received an inadvertent 10-fold overdose and were withdrawn from the study immediately. All experienced severe nausea and vomiting, and 1 patient experienced severe hypoglycemia requiring aid. All recovered without mishap and were excluded from statistical and tolerability results. There were no adverse events related to the injection or the injection site. CONCLUSION: In this study of patients with type 2DM, SC administration of exenatide into the abdomen, arm, or thigh resulted in comparable bioavailability.     

肝脾双介入治疗肝癌伴脾亢的若干问题探讨

目的探讨行肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞的同时行部分脾栓塞双介入治疗原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进的可行性。方法回顾分析126例不能手术切除的肝癌伴脾亢患者行双介入治疗，观察其临床表现和并发症，以及测定栓塞前后血象变化。结果126例肝癌伴脾亢患者除有发热、上腹部疼痛、恶心、呕吐等一般性并发症外，出现胸腔积液3例、栓塞性胆囊炎3例、肝性脑病2例、心肌梗死1例等较重并发症。结论对肝癌伴脾亢患者进行肝脾双介入治疗的方法较单介入治疗中晚期肝癌临床更为有效，具一定的临床应用价值。     

Painless aortic dissection with bilateral carotid involvement presenting with vertigo as the chief complaint

A 63 year‐old woman was admitted to the emergency department with vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. On arrival ,she was fully oriented and cooperative. She denied any pain in her chest, neck, back, or abdomen. A bruit was heard on both sides of her neck. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed no abnormality, while thoracic CT disclosed dissection in the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and bilateral common carotid arteries. After several hours, the patient underwent vascular surgery. She had an uneventful course and was discharged without any sequelae after 10 days.     

部分脾栓塞术在肝硬变伴脾功能亢进治疗中的应用

目的 观察部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬变所致的脾功能亢进(简称脾亢)的临床效果。方法 采用Sledinger经右侧股动脉插管对部分脾动脉用明胶海绵进行栓塞。结果 本组10例术后均有上腹轻微疼痛及发热，一般持续3—14天，术后外周白细胞及血小板数均回升；术后半个月临床症状好转，腹水消失，2例消化道出血停止，来出现严重并发症。结论 部分脾栓塞术相对安全、有效，损伤小，并发症少，可部分替代外科切脾手术。