自动乳腺超声检查:回顾与展望

正根据2015年中国癌症统计数据[1],女性群体中,乳腺癌的发病率位居榜首,死亡率排第五,主要发病年龄为45~59岁,乳腺癌已经成为威胁女性生命的头号杀手。欧美国家受益于多年的规范筛查,乳腺癌死亡率明显下降[2],而我国女性因缺乏筛查意识,就诊时往往已是中晚期,故近年来乳腺癌死亡率没有明显改变[1],乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗尤为重要。乳腺X线是国外的常规筛查工具,但我国女性多为致密型腺体,且发病年龄较早,其敏     

乳腺癌筛查工作中妇幼保健院的角色和任务

乳腺癌是威胁女性健康和生命的最常见的恶性肿瘤。目前，乳腺癌诊疗领域具有规范的诊疗标准，通过筛查而早期发现并尽早治疗是乳腺癌防控工作的有效措施。国家非常重视慢性病防控工作，“健康中国2030”规划纲要提出到2030年，总体癌症5年生存率提高15%，其中乳腺癌生存率的提高至关重要。我国妇幼保健系统在长期实践中形成了“县、乡、村”三级妇幼卫生服务网络以及群防群控和临床诊疗相结合的有效模式，在开展乳腺癌筛查方面具有独特优势。北京市乳腺癌筛查工作开展10余年来，形成了妇幼保健院为主导的组织构架和筛查体系，在乳腺专科的引领下，筛查的技术水平不断提升。在卫生行政部门的支持下，妇幼保健院应利用管理和体系优势开展乳腺癌筛查相关研究，探索适合中国人群的乳腺癌筛查模式。     

关于是否应该进行乳房自我检查的研究进展

乳房自我检查 (breastself -examination ,BSE)是妇女仔细、系统地对乳房、腋窝进行视诊和触诊 ,检查有无异常改变的一种方法 ,一般每月 1次。[1] 在过去的 30年中 ,BSE作为自我筛查乳腺癌的主要方法曾一度风行于欧美国家 ,近年来 ,它在我国的普及程度也有逐渐上升的趋势。但是 ,随着BSE的不断推广以及人们对其研究的不断深入 ,它的弊端也逐渐暴露了出来。本文就是否应该进行BSE进行综述。1　历史回顾乳腺癌是欧美国家女性死亡的主要原因 ,[2 ] 半个世纪以来其发病率在全球范围内呈逐渐增高的趋势。目前全世界每年死于乳腺癌者达 30万…     

某区退休和生活困难女性乳腺癌筛查结果探讨

目的探讨上海市杨浦区政府实事项目——退休和生活困难女性"两病筛查"中乳腺癌筛查,分析其筛查方法及价值。方法对该区2007~2013年参加检测的退休和生活困难180 895例次女性乳腺癌筛查结果进行统计和分析。结果 157 704例次体检者共检出恶性肿瘤119例,其中乳腺癌73例,乳腺癌临床分期,0期3例,Ⅰ期28例,占42.47%。结论 "两病筛查"项目提高了早期乳腺癌检出率。     

乳腺癌患者生育力保护的研究进展

1乳腺癌患者的生育现状全球每年新发恶性肿瘤超过1400万例,其中乳腺癌新发例数约170万,位居女性恶性肿瘤发病首位[1]。在中国,乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,占16. 51%;且发病年龄早于欧美国家,于20岁后迅速上升,并于55岁达到高峰[2, 3]。     

城乡结合部适龄妇女宫颈癌及乳腺癌筛查结果分析

宫颈癌、乳腺癌(以下简称"两癌")筛查是指对适龄女性(35～59岁)进行免费检查,目的在于提高女性对疾病的重视程度和预防意识,降低疾病发病率。笔者2012年4～5月对辖区内适龄女性进行了两癌筛查,现将结果报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料户籍在本辖区的35～59岁妇女,遵照全面动员、自愿参加的原则,按北京市"两癌"筛查常规进行筛查服务,宫颈癌和乳腺癌分别筛查1 363例和1 411例。     

2000多例女性免费两癌筛查结果分析

目的总结分析2000多例女性免费两癌筛查的结果。方法现对在本单位进行两癌筛查,即子宫颈癌和乳腺癌的女性展开研究,其中实施宫颈癌筛查的女性2424例,进行乳腺癌筛查的女性2422例,研究时间为2019年1月至2019年11月。分析两癌筛查的结果。结果在宫颈癌的筛查中,检查结果异常的主要是生殖道感染和生殖系统良性疾病的女性,通过TCT检查发现其中近3.22%的女性显示异常,最终经阴道镜和组织病理检查显示其中有12例女性存在宫颈病变,占比率为0.5%;而在乳腺癌的筛查中,经乳腺超声、X线检查和组织病理检查显示仅有2例患者为浸润性导管癌,TNM分期显示为ⅡA期。结论在两癌的筛查过程中,高危类型的女性癌症确诊的几率较高,并且在常见生殖系统疾病和乳腺疾病中的发病率也明显高于其他两个类型的女性,并且对于疾病知识的知晓率也明显较低。因此需加强对两癌健康知识的普及和宣传力度,提高群众的认知度和知晓率,从而采取有效的措施进行预防和干预,降低癌症的发生率。     

乳腺癌筛查信念评估工具的研究进展

介绍国内外常见的乳腺癌筛查信念评估工具,详细阐述了各类测评工具的维度、信效度及特点,并指出现有研究存在的主要问题,旨在为开发适合我国女性的普适性乳腺癌筛查信念测量量表提供参考和借鉴,为针对性改善女性乳腺癌筛查信念水平提供契机。     

乳腺癌的预防治疗研究进展

乳腺癌现已成为全球女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,严重威胁女性健康[1]。随着乳腺癌治疗水平的不断进步和早期筛查的广泛开展,乳腺癌死亡率呈现下降趋势,但是发病率仍居高不下,中国成为乳腺癌发病率增长最快的国家之一,发病年龄也呈逐渐年轻化的趋势。在早期乳腺癌比例不断增高的今天,如何预防乳腺癌的发生成为研究的热点。乳腺癌作为一种激素依赖     

三阴性乳腺癌的生物学特点和治疗进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。在欧美国家,乳腺癌发病率居女性癌瘤的首位。三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)是指雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受     

上海市普陀区3436名妇女乳腺钼靶普查分析

目的为了做好乳腺常见病的早发现早诊断早治疗,我院对3436名妇女进行乳腺钼靶普查,本文对普查结果进行分析总结。方法2004年9月至10月份对3436名普陀区妇女进行双乳钼靶检查。结果经普查共检出1759例乳腺常见病例,其中包括乳腺增生病1648例,钙化73人,纤维瘤或囊肿36人,乳腺癌2例。结论钼靶X线检查目前仍是乳腺病变最简便及有效的检查方法。     

Breast screening education at Australian and Thai worksites: a comparison of program effectiveness

To determine whether a nurse-led breast screening educational program in the workplace improved the breast screening practices and attitudes of women. Worksites are potentially cost-effective and convenient for breast cancer screening education due to their ability to educate several women at one time. This was a collaborative study between industry, university and health services in Australia and Thailand. This was a pre post test group comparative design. Three worksites in Australia and three in Thailand were assigned to one of three groups: treatment (group education), pamphlet only, or control. All groups were assessed pre-education and again 3 months post-education on breast screening attitudes and practices using a mail-out self-report questionnaire. Women were significantly more likely to practice breast self-examination (BSE) following group education, and were more confident in their ability to detect a breast lump. There was a significant increase in breast screening discussion on the workplace for the Thai group following the group education program. An increase of 25% more women saw having a mammography as a priority. The Thai women had less access to free mammographic screening. They also had more negative attitudes and poorer knowledge regarding BSE and physical breast examination (PBE) than the Australian group, with the education program having a more positive impact on them than the Australian group. Relative breast screening attitudes and practices for the treatment, pamphlet and control groups are also presented. This study provides educators and health promotion professionals with further information on the beliefs and practices of women working in both Australian and Thai industries about breast screening. Education programs such as this one can have a positive impact on attitudes and practices including increased likelihood and confidence in practising BSE, promoting women to have a PBE, and promoting discussion of breast screening at the workplace. The findings suggest that Australian women have greater opportunities to ensure their breast health than Thai women, and that there may be a greater need for programs such as this in countries such as Thailand.     

磁共振成像在乳腺癌影像学筛查中的应用:2010ACR与SBI乳腺影像学筛查实践指南解读

影像学能够在临床出现可触及肿块之前早期发现乳腺癌已经成为不争的事实.在多种影像学检查中,乳腺X线摄影是惟一被偱证研究证实的能够早期发现乳腺癌而降低死亡率的影像学方法,但由于存在局限性,因而近年来大量临床研究致力于评估乳腺磁共振成像及乳腺超声在乳腺癌筛查中应用的可行性和效能.为进一步提高乳腺癌早期检出率,乳腺癌筛查方案日...     

Influence of traditional Chinese beliefs on cancer screening behaviour among Chinese-Australian women

AIM: This paper reports a study exploring how traditional Chinese life philosophy, including fatalism, influences understanding of the concepts of health and illness, and the impact of these concepts on cancer screening behaviour. BACKGROUND: The language of risk is central to contemporary Western understanding of health and illness. Women aged over 50 years are considered at risk of developing breast cancer and are highly recommended to undergo regular mammographic screening. However, screening rates among Chinese women are consistently lower than for most other groups. METHODS: In-depth interviews, in Cantonese, were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 Chinese-Australian women, and the data analysed thematically, using case summaries, coding and matrix tables. The data were collected in 2001. FINDINGS: The findings revealed that when dealing with cancer prevention, Chinese-Australian women are heavily influenced by cultural traditions related to the life-cycle and disease prevention. Informants believed that contracting disease, including cancer, is inevitable and that there is no way to prevent it. Fatalism appears to be a significant barrier to their participation in cancer screening services. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the effects of breast cancer screening and other health promotion programmes, which are general and do not take account of cultural variations may be compromised when it comes to cultural minorities. In the case of older Chinese-Australian women, breast cancer screening promotion programmes may overcome acceptance of fatalistic philosophy if they emphasize increased risk following immigration.     

Chinese-Australian women's beliefs about cancer: implications for health promotion

Ethnicity and culture play significant roles in determining how an individual is likely to understand and explain cancer, which, in turn, is posited to have an impact on cancer screening behavior. Chinese women in Western countries are consistently reported to have low participation rates in mammographic screening. This may be related to the fact that women of Chinese ancestry have different images and beliefs about cancer, which can have implications for participation in health promotion programs regarding cancer prevention and early detection. To investigate this issue, a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 20 Chinese-Australian women was conducted. Embedded in the women's images of cancer were notions associated with fear, mystery, contagion, and stigma. Based on information provided by the women who participated in this study, 6 domains of folk explanations about the causes of cancer were identified: lifestyle, stress, environment, genes, unknown causes, and destiny. These beliefs should be considered in the design of breast health promotion programs because they are likely to have a bearing on Chinese-Australian women's attitudes regarding the value they perceive of cancer screening.     

The national breast screening service: is it economically efficient?

Currently the UK national breast screening programme only offers routine screening to women aged between 50 and 64. Whilst there are good clinical and economic reasons for not screening younger women, there is no compelling argument for not extending routine screening to older women. In this paper, we show that by diverting screening resources to older women, where cancer is more prevalent, more lives and life-years can be saved for no extra cost. Therefore, the current breast screening programme may be inefficient, and offering screening to older women should be given serious consideration.      

Breast cancer. Part 1: Awareness and common benign diseases

Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women in the United Kingdom and topic on which there is much information. This article discusses the principles behind breast awareness and breast health, detailing common benign breast diseases that cause disproportionate anxiety. The NHS Breast Screening Programme is celebrating 20 years of screening this year, and in all randomized controlled trials of women aged 50 and over, mortality from breast cancer is reduced in those offered screening compared with unscreened controls (although the reduction is not statistically significant in all trials). Once a breast cancer is diagnosed, the different characteristics and stage of the disease can be identified through histopathology and scans. These factors will be discussed later in this article, including illustrating if a cancer is hormone sensitive or HER-2 positive, for example. These factors enable clinicians to recommend a treatment pathway suitable for each individual.