与气管切开病人的沟通

分析2000年5月－2001年7月气管切开30例患的各期心理变化，总结对气管切开患如何正确使用语言和非语言交流技巧，以促进护患之间心理沟通，根据患的体语和病情变化，及时了解气管切开患的心理需求，使病人增强战性疾病的信心，缩短住院时间，提高治愈率。     

Libyan family with beta-thalassemia trait associated with hypercholesterolemia with widespread xanthomas

We describe a Libyan family with beta-thalassemia trait associated with unusually high concentrations of hemoglobin A2 and hypercholesterolemia. The family consists of the father, mother, and three sons. The marriage was consanguineous. The concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were very high in two sons who also had widespread xanthomas. The erythrocyte membranes showed a high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, with no significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in vitro.     

Family work with people with dementia

Family interventions (FI) are used where there is a psychotic illness. This article argues for their use in dementia cases. It looks at the example of a family where the father had recently received a diagnosis of Lewy bodies with dementia. The focus is on the process of working with the patient and his close relatives using an adapted FI model.     

Medpor填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折病人的护理

[目的]总结多孔聚乙烯高分子合成材料(Medpor)填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折病人的护理。[方法]对40例眼眶爆裂性骨折病人行Medpor填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗,同时加强护理。[结果]术后所有患眼眼球内陷均得以矫正,双眼突出度基本一致,复视情况消失或得到明显改善,眼球各方向运动良好,效果满意。[结论]加强眼眶爆裂性骨折病人行Medpor填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗的护理有利于病人的术后康复。     

胺碘酮治疗心衰合并心律失常患者的护理

目的 分析胺碘酮在心力衰竭合并心律失常治疗中常见的不良反应,并总结护理经验.方法 选择我院急性心衰合并室性心律失常患者75例,所有患者均先经抗心力衰竭治疗,胺碘酮治疗过程全程实施精心护理,分析治疗后患者恢复情况.结果 75例急性心衰合并心律失常患者,经全程护理及相应治疗后,72例恢复窦性心律;3例经电除颤治疗后恢复窦性心律;胺碘酮注射治疗的并发症包括静脉炎、低血压及反复发作的心律失常;无死亡病例出现.结论 在静脉注射胺碘酮治疗心衰合并心律失常过程中,实施全程精心护理,严密监测患者生命体征的变化,精确合理用药,可取得较好的救治效果.     

左旋门冬酰胺酶在联合化疗中毒副反应的护理

目的观察长春新碱、柔红霉素、左旋门冬酰胺酶（L-ASP）、泼尼松联合方案（VDLP）治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）中L-ASP的毒副作用及总结护理要点。方法2002年10月～2004年3月对18例初治ALL患者。采用VDLP方案化疗，观察其疗效及L-ASP的毒副作用，并给予治疗及护理。结果5例发生急性胰腺炎，10例发生肝功能损害。2例出现皮疹，1例发生继发性高血糖。治疗1疗程后完全缓解13例，部分缓解3例。死亡2例。结论L-ASP在治疗ALL联合化疗效好，但其毒性反应需引起临床的高度重视，护理人员除了严密监控L-ASP使用过程，还应加强其毒副反应的预防和治疗，早期发现、早期治疗及对症护理，可确保化疗顺利完成。     

Learning to communicate with children with disabilities

A positive incident during a placement in a special school is used to illustrate that reflecting on positive incidents helps the student nurse to recognise good practice and personal strengths. The incident involving a child's achievement in mastering new communication skills led to improved understanding of the role of the special educational needs teacher and the speech and language therapist and the positive effect of early professional intervention. It also emphasised the benefits of Makaton and picture aids for children with communication problems. A major benefit of the placement experience was that it improved the student's confidence in approaching and interacting with children with special needs and speech difficulties. It also highlighted the value of nurses learning basic Makaton in order to enhance their communication skills. Using reflection to review positive experiences can be as effective in highlighting strengths and weaknesses as reflecting upon negative experiences.     

Research interviews with people with mental handicaps

In any study of the lives and life styles of people with mental handicaps it is essential to make every effort to obtain the consumers' own perspective of their own social situation and personal circumstances. There is a growing body of literature on the challenges faced by researchers who seek the viewpoint of consumers and some ideas are now emerging about how to meet those challenges most effectively. This paper looks at this growing body of literature, and notes some points of consensus. The paper then describes the research methods used in a follow-up study of people with mental handicaps living in the community, in which personal views were sought. An attempt is made to describe the challenges met, not only at the design stage but also during the research interviews. Some key issues emerged from the study, and these are discussed in some detail. Illustrative interview material is included to highlight points made about the interaction between researchers and respondents, and to suggest some ways forward for others embarking in this field.     

Factors associated with good self-management in older adults with a schizophrenic disorder compared with older adults with physical illnesses

The number of older people living with a schizophrenic disorder (SD) is increasing yet little attention paid has been paid to the needs of this population relative to people with other chronic illnesses. In order to achieve optimal functioning people with a SD need to manage their illness and its impact; therefore, this study set out to determine the factors associated with self-management in this population. The illness management of people over 50 years of age and living with schizophrenia (n= 84) was compared with their peers who were diagnosed with a chronic physical illness (n= 216). Participants completed a survey that included an illness management inventory, self-rated health and sense of coherence. The results demonstrated that participants with a SD had lower illness management levels, particularly for understanding their symptoms and taking appropriate actions in relation to health care. Poor self-rated health and the presence of comorbid conditions had a pervasive negative effect on self-management factors in the SD group, whereas being married, having a greater sense of coherence and being voluntary to treatment had a positive effect. Nurses need to develop strategies to address general health and self-management in older adults living with a SD.     

A nursing experience with a patient with esophagus cancer combined with tumor ulcer

The purpose of this article is to describe a nursing experience with a patient with esophagus cancer combined with tumor ulcer. The author assessed the patient's health condition by observation, interview, medical history and the Gorden functional health assessment guide. The client had three nursing problems: impaired tissue integrity, diarrhea and body image disturbance. The author used the nursing process and empathy to assist the patient to face disease and treatment. Nursing intervention was also performed to enhance the patient's comfort and provide psychological support.     

艾司西酞普兰联合奥卡西平治疗癫痫合并抑郁的临床疗效

目的:探讨艾司西酞普兰联合奥卡西平治疗癫痫合并抑郁的疗效及安全性。方法:选择癫痫合并抑郁患者126例,采用随机字母表法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组63例。对照组采用艾司西酞普兰治疗;观察组在对照组基础上联合奥卡西平治疗。观察两组临床疗效,比较两组患者治疗前后抑郁、焦虑情绪变化和血清5-羟色胺1A(5-HT_(1A))受体、多巴胺(DA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平变化,统计不良反应发生率。结果:观察组患者总有效率为96.83%,显著高于对照组(77.78%,P0.01)。观察组汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)与汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分均低于对照组(P0.001)。观察组5-HT_(1A)受体、DA水平高于对照组,TNF-α水平低于对照组(P0.001)。观察组患者总不良反应发生率为7.94%,低于对照组(14.29%),但差异无统计学意义。结论:艾司西酞普兰联合奥卡西平可明显缓解癫痫合并抑郁患者的抑郁、焦虑症状,提高5-HT_(1A)受体、DA水平,降低TNF-α水平,安全性较好,优于单用艾司西酞普兰。     

Two-stage treatment with preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) compared with single-stage treatment with intraoperative ERCP for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis with possible choledocholithiasis

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: An ideal treatment for choledocholithiasis in the laparoscopic era has not been established. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether a treatment strategy of performing intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during laparascopic cholecystectomy (when choledocholithiasis is confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography) is better for patients with suspected common bile duct stones than the current strategy (preoperative ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study to evaluate which of these two approaches was most benefit- and cost-effective for patients with intermediate risk of choledocholithiasis. Patients underwent either preoperative ERCP followed by a laparoscopic cholecystectomy a few weeks later (the "preoperative ERCP" group) or intraoperative ERCP (the "intraoperative ERCP" group). Intraoperative ERCP was performed using the rendezvous technique. RESULTS: There were 64 patients in the preoperative ERCP group and 59 patients in the intraoperative ERCP group. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar, except that the bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and the number of patients treated on an inpatient basis were higher in the preoperative ERCP group. Success rates were similar (96.6 % in the preoperative ERCP group vs. 90.2 % in the intraoperative ERCP group in the per-protocol study). Total morbidity, post-ERCP morbidity, and post-ERCP acute pancreatitis rates were higher in the preoperative ERCP group, but there were no differences between the two groups in the frequency of residual common bile duct stones, the conversion rate to open cholecystectomy, or surgical morbidity. The length of hospital stay and costs were lower in the intraoperative ERCP group despite the longer surgical times in this group. Univariate analysis did not find any relationship between morbidity and total bilirubin or GGT. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that morbidity was related only to the treatment group and the time spent in the operating room: the relative risk (RR) was 4.37 for morbidity and 1.015 for the time spent in the operating room); the RR for papillotomy was 5.49. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatment approaches were equally effective but the intraoperative ERCP group had less morbidity, a shorter hospital stay, and reduced costs. The lower morbidity in the intraoperative ERCP group resulted from the lower rate of papillotomy and lower rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Total morbidity was principally related to the type of treatment approach used.     

Parental interaction with infants treated with medical technology

Background: It is well established that parents must interact with their new‐born babies to facilitate attachment. However, very little is known about how parents perceive different types of medical technology products commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) as barriers to their wish to interact with their infants. Aim: This study aims to examine to what extent the different medical technology products commonly used in the NICU are perceived by parents to be obstacles in their wish to interact with their babies. Design and methods: In 2010, a cross‐sectional survey, using a questionnaire specifically developed for this study, was conducted among the parents of children who were discharged from any of the five NICUs of the Västra Götaland region in Sweden. A consecutive sample of 248 parents participated, and multiple regressions and t‐tests were used to analyse the data. Results: The parents generally perceived the various medical technology products differently, according to the perceived level of obstruction. The variables of gender, age, educational level, origin, gestational age, previous experience of being a parent, and the offer of accommodation at the NICU were significantly associated with the perceived level of obstruction in the parents’ wish to interact with their baby while the baby was being treated with different medical technology products. Conclusion: The primary implication for practice is that to facilitate attachment, nurses should involve different categories of parents in different ways in the care of their children, depending on the equipment being used in the treatment of the children. Thus, the individual care plan should explicitly include the details of the specific medical equipment, because although its use is medically beneficial for the child, it is associated with potential liabilities regarding parent–child interaction and, consequently, regarding parent–child attachment.     

Outcomes of patients with melioidosis treated with meropenem

Melioidosis, an infection due to Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia. We reviewed our experience with meropenem in the treatment of severe melioidosis in 63 patients over a 6-year period. Outcomes were similar to those of ceftazidime-treated patients (n = 153) despite a deliberate selection bias to more-unwell patients receiving meropenem. The mortality among meropenem-treated patients was 19%. One patient had a possible drug fever associated with the use of meropenem. We conclude that meropenem (1 g or 25 mg/kg every 8 h intravenously for >/=14 days) is an alternative to ceftazidime and imipenem in the treatment of melioidosis. The use of meropenem may be associated with improved outcomes in patients with severe sepsis associated with melioidosis.