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1.
目的:研究多裂肌在维持腰椎稳定中的作用。方法:健康志愿者15名,男8名,女7名,平均年龄33.7岁(18-45岁),运用表面电极记录快速上肢前屈、外展、后伸时多裂肌、最长肌、腰髂肋肌及三角肌的肌电信号,对各椎旁收缩的潜伏期与三角肌收缩的潜伏期之差值作比较。结果:多裂肌在上肢3个运动方向中的潜伏期差值[(-17&;#177;11),外展(0&;#177;11)ms,后伸(4&;#177;16)ms]与最长肌[前屈(-2&;#177;13)ms,外展(13&;#177;14)ms,后伸(22&;#177;14)ms,腰髂肋肌[前屈(1&;#177;12)ms,外展(12&;#177;10)ms,后伸(23&;#177;10)ms]间差异均有显著性意义。结论:椎旁肌群中多裂肌反应最快、最先起作用,在腰椎稳定中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
慢性腰痛患者在脊柱突然失衡时多裂肌的肌电表现   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
目的:研究多裂肌在维持腰椎稳定中的作用及其与慢性腰痛的关系。方法:腰痛组为慢性腰痛病人15例,男8例,女7例,平均年龄33.53岁。正常组为无腰痛病史的健康志愿者15例,年龄、性别与腰痛组相匹配。运用表面电极记录上肢快速前屈、外展、后伸时多裂肌、最长肌、腰髂肋肌及三角肌的肌电信号,对各椎旁肌收缩的潜伏期与三角肌收缩的潜伏期之差值作比较。结果:正常组多裂肌在上肢三个方向的运动中收缩均早于最长肌、腰髂肋肌;腰痛组各椎旁肌几乎同时收缩,多裂肌在上肢三个方向的运动中均较正常人收缩延迟。结论:椎旁肌群中多裂肌在腰椎稳定中发挥重要作用,慢性腰痛病人多裂肌功能减退。  相似文献   

3.
目的为了解高血压病合并糖尿病患者心率变异性与自主神经功能的关系,研究2型糖尿病(2型DM)合并原发性高血压(EH)与单纯2型DM、单纯EH对心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法对86例2型DM或EH患者(其中30例2型DM合并EH,28例为单纯2型DM,28例单纯EH),进行24hHRV时域及频域分析。同时与年龄、性别相当的20例健康成年人HRV资料比较。结果(1)单纯EH患者与对照组比较,代表心率总变异程度的全部正常R-R间期的标准差(SDNN)犤(116±23)ms与(140±17)ms,P<0.05犦、每5minR-R间期均值的标准差(SDANN)犤(110±21)ms与(131±22)ms,P<0.05犦和SDNN的均值(SDNNI)犤(46±10)ms与(60±14)ms,P<0.05犦明显下降;代表迷走神经功能的正常相邻R-R间期差值的均方根(rMSSD)犤(23±6)ms与(39±10)ms,P<0.05犦和正常相邻R-R间期差值>50ms的百分比(PNN50)犤(4.4±1.9)%与(9.6±3.6)%,P<0.05犦也有下降;频域指标VLF升高犤(731±226)Hz与(440±237)Hz,P<0.05),HF犤(351±36)Hz与(744±72)Hz,P<0.05犦和LF犤(764±126)Hz与(963±156)Hz,P<0.05犦明显下降。(2)单纯DM患者与对照组比较,SDNN犤(110±22)ms与(140±17)ms,P<0.05犦,SDANN犤(106±20)ms与(131±22)ms,P<0.05犦和SDNNI犤(44±11)ms与(60±14)ms,P<0.05犦明显下降;rMSSD犤(22±6)ms与(39  相似文献   

4.
目的通过表面肌电信号(sEMG)分析,对比非特异性腰痛(NLBP)患者与正常人在静态平衡模式改变时,上肢肌群与腰背部核心肌群激活时间的差异。方法 2017年9月至12月,纳入NLBP患者(NLBP组)与正常受试者(正常组)各21例。两组于站立位分别完成右侧上肢前屈与外展各2次,记录右侧三角肌前束、中束,双侧竖脊肌和双侧多裂肌的肌电信号,计算各肌肉与主动肌之间的相对激活时间并比较。结果上肢前屈时,两组右侧多裂肌、双侧竖脊肌均在主动肌(三角肌前束)之前激活,而左侧多裂肌在主动肌之后激活;NLBP组右侧竖脊肌的相对激活时间大于正常组(t=-2.393, P=0.019)。上肢外展时,正常组双侧多裂肌和双侧竖脊肌在主动肌(三角肌中束)之前激活;NLBP组左侧竖脊肌在主动肌之前激活,双侧多裂肌、右侧竖脊肌在主动肌之后激活;两组对应肌肉的相对激活时间均无显著性差异(t 1.393, P 0.05)。结论正常人通过上肢的前屈和外展来改变静态平衡时,腰背部核心肌群会提前激活,而NSLBP患者的核心肌群则有延迟激活的趋势。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨T2-mapping评估健康志愿者运动前后腰部背伸肌群(多裂肌、最长肌、髂肋肌)的价值。方法 对50名健康志愿者运动前后行T2-mapping序列扫描,于L3、L4上缘层面测量运动前后多裂肌、最长肌、髂肋肌的横截面积(CSA)及T2值,比较运动前后及左右侧上述肌肉CSA、T2值的差异,并分析运动前后各肌肉的CSA差值与T2值差值的相关性。结果 L3、L4椎体上缘水平双侧多裂肌、最长肌、髂肋肌运动后CSA、T2值均大于运动前(P均<0.05)。L3椎体上缘水平左侧多裂肌的运动后CSA及运动前后CSA差值均大于右侧(P均<0.05)。运动前L3椎体上缘水平左右侧最长肌、髂肋肌及L4椎体上缘水平左右侧最长肌的T2值差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。L3、L4椎体上缘水平双侧髂肋肌及L4椎体上缘水平双侧多裂肌运动前后CSA差值与T2值差值呈正相关(P均<0.05)。结论 T2-mapping可用于评估腰部背伸肌群运动前后功能变化。  相似文献   

6.
对34例Webester计分小于10分的帕金森病患者(帕金森病组)及40例正常健康查体者(对照组)进行事件相关电位检测。结果帕金森病组N2,P3潜伏期犤(281.0±31.7)ms,(367.0±32.4)ms犦较对照组犤(233.0±33.5)ms,(314.0±29.7)ms犦明显延长,阳性率前者为47.1%,后者为22.5%。结果表明事件相关电位检测无创伤性、结果敏感可靠,对早期诊断帕金森病有参考意义。  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨+Gz作用下人体脑事件相关电位及工效学指标的改变。方法15名军校男性大学生作为被试者,每名被试者均要在-4.00kPa和-6.67kPa两种下体负压条件下进行两个批次的测试。负压条件作用时间为5min,以负压前5min测试的指标作为对照。结果:在-4.00kPa下体负压作用时,P300波幅为(9.2±3.1)μV,潜时为(399±21)ms反应时为(400±23)ms,跟踪误差为(41±7)mm。在-6.67kPa下体负压作用时,P300波幅犤(6.1±3.9)μV犦显著降低,P300潜时犤(414±26)ms犦显著延长;反应时犤(419±37)ms犦延长,跟踪误差犤(43±8)mm犦增大;与负压前对照犤(11.2±3.8)μV,(396±28)ms,(397±36)ms,(38±9)mm犦差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:+Gz作用下人体血液向下肢转移,脑认知功能下降,为空中晕厥和立位耐力不良的医学鉴定提供人体实验依据。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨阿尔茨海默病与老年精神分裂症患者P300的差异及P300在阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能障碍严重程度判断中的价值。方法:采用电生理技术检测2000-12/2003-12山东省精神卫生中心住院及门诊阿尔茨海默病患者38例及老年精神分裂症患者40例的P300。应用简明精神状态量表评定阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能。结果:阿尔茨海默病患者P300检测结果中在Fz犤(402.50±3.77)ms犦、Cz犤(425.81±1.90)ms犦和Pz犤(366.31±1.61)ms犦3点P300潜伏期与老年精神分裂症患者相比均明显延长,差异有显著性(t=4.23,2.79,4.56;P均<0.01);在Fz犤(5.05±0.65)μV犦、Cz犤(3.93±0.56μV犦和Pz犤(7.97±0.73)μV犦3点波幅明显减低,与老年精神分裂症患者比较,差异有显著性(t=4.02,3.75,2.85;P均<0.01)。阿尔茨海默病患者P300在Fz,Cz及Pz3点潜伏期与简明精神状态量表分数显著负相关(r=-0.78,-0.76,-0.77,P均<0.01);在Fz,Cz及Pz3点波幅与简明精神状态量表分数显著正相关(r=0.77,0.78,0.75;P均<0.01)。结论:阿尔茨海默病患者P300在Fz、Cz与Pz3点潜伏期延长及波峰减低的现象与老年精神分裂症患者的差异以及与简明精神状态量表分数的关系,有助于对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能受损程度的判断。  相似文献   

9.
目的:通过观察三甲痉瘫康颗粒对痉挛性脑性瘫痪大鼠肌张力的影响,探讨其治疗痉挛性脑瘫的作用机制。方法:实验于2003-11/12在河南中医学院分子生物学实验室完成。采用双侧颈总动脉结扎造成缺血性脑损伤的方法建立痉挛性脑瘫大鼠模型,造模成功后分别评定肌张力,药物连续灌胃5d,再分别评定肌张力。结果:三甲痉瘫康颗粒高、低剂量组大鼠肌张力分级犤治疗后(1.00±0.80)级,(1.40±0.90)级犦,与模型组犤治疗后(2.10±0.70)级犦相比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),与巴氯芬组犤治疗后(1.30±0.70)级犦相比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。三甲痉瘫康颗粒高、低剂量组大鼠瘫痪肢体活动幅度犤治疗后(17.90±2.80)mm,(16.50±3.0)mm犦,与模型组犤治疗后(13.50±2.70)mm犦相比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),与巴氯芬组犤治疗后(16.60±2.70)mm犦相比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:三甲痉瘫康颗粒高、低剂量组均能降低痉挛性脑瘫大鼠的肌张力。  相似文献   

10.
肩关节运动时肌肉力臂改变的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:通过分析肩关节运动时各种肌肉的运动力臂大小及其变化,以揭示该类肌肉对肩关节不同方向运动的影响。方法:选用10侧尸体肩关节标本,分别测量三角肌的三个部分、肩袖诸肌在肩外展、前屈、后伸、内旋及外旋过程中的肌腱位移,并根据位移和关节运动角度计算力臂值。结果:在上臂外展过程中,外展0°~30°时,冈上肌力臂变化最大;外展30°~120°时,力臂变化最大的为中部三角肌。在臂后伸或前屈过程中,力臂变化最大的分别为后部三角肌或前部三角肌。在臂内旋时,肩胛下肌的力臂值最大,而臂外旋时冈下肌/小圆肌的力臂值最大。结论:在上臂外展的起始阶段冈上肌腱功效较大,其次为中部三角肌;前部三角肌和中部三角肌分别在臂的前屈和后伸过程中有较大功效;在臂内外旋过程中,肩胛下肌和冈下肌/小圆肌功效较大。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

17.
18.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

19.
Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

20.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

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