左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗子宫腺肌病临床观察

目的:观察左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNG-IUS)应用于子宫腺肌病治疗中的临床价值,探究其临床疗效和安全性,为今后临床提供参考。方法:选取2011年1月至2013年12月期间门诊收入治疗的子宫腺肌病87例患者为研究对象,根据患者意愿将其分为对照组42例、治疗组45例。对照组予以孕三烯酮治疗,治疗组给予LNG-IUS。比较治疗后一般情况。结果:治疗前后,对照组的血清激素水平较治疗组变化更显著;治疗后组间在各激素水平相比差异显著(P<0.05);置放前,两组子宫内膜厚度无统计学意义;3个月后比较差异显著(P<0.05);6、12、24个月后,差异均显著(P均<0.01);与放置前比较,患者痛经评分、月经量、血红蛋白水平在置放3、6、12个月后具有显著差异(P<0.01);子宫体积、血红蛋白以及血清CA-125水平均有明显变化(P<0.01)。结论:左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统可有效改善子宫腺肌病症状,有利于控制AM进展,安全、有效,值得进一步研究。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统对子宫腺肌病患者细胞免疫平衡的影响分析

目的:分析左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统对子宫腺肌病患者细胞免疫平衡的影响。方法:选取从2015年2月至2016年4月在本院生殖科诊断为子宫腺肌病的患者共75例,并于月经结束第4~7d放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统进行治疗。检测患者治疗前卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)、泌乳素(PRL)水平及体内IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α水平;观察记录患者痛经评分、慢性盆腔痛评分、子宫内膜厚度及月经量。随访记录患者放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统后3、6、12个月时上述指标变化。结果:患者放置左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统后FSH、LH、E_2水平无明显变化,PRL水平显著下降(P0.05)。所有患者痛经评分、慢性盆腔痛评分、子宫内膜厚度及月经量明显降低(P0.05)。经治疗患者体内IL-6、TNF-α含量明显增高,IL-10明显降低(P0.05)。结论:左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统对治疗子宫腺肌病具有明显疗效,可帮助维持细胞免疫平衡。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗功能失调性子宫出血及子宫内膜增生过长临床疗效研究

目的:探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗功血的临床疗效及其对子宫内膜增生过长的影响。方法:对72例年龄在31岁至50岁之间确诊为功血并有子宫内膜增生过长的病例,放置LNG-IUS进行治疗,对比治疗期间月经量、月经周期、血红蛋白水平、子宫内膜厚度等指标,并与放置前进行对比。结果:放置LNG-IUS之后,患者的月经量显著性减少,放置1年左右后降至(9±3)m L,子宫内膜厚度明显变小,由放置LNG-IUS前(0.76±0.15)cm降至(0.39±0.08)cm,放置6个月之后,子宫内膜增生过长得到改善。同时,放置LNG-IUS后患者血红蛋白水平呈上升趋势,6个月后恢复至正常状态,这些数据间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但放置前后月经周期之间的差异并不具有显著性。结论:左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统能有效治疗功血,减少月经量,对子宫内膜增生过长也有疗效,值得推广。     

GnRH-a联合LNG-IUS治疗大子宫腺肌病和子宫肌瘤的疗效观察

目的:探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)联合左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统(LNGIUS)治疗大子宫腺肌病和子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法:选取本院2012年7月至2013年12月诊治的大子宫腺肌病和子宫肌瘤患者62例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,31例患者采用GnRH-a治疗为对照组,31例患者采用GnRH-a联合LNG-IUS治疗为观察组,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组患者VAS评分、PBAC评分在LNG-IUS治疗后3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月均明显低于对照组,血红蛋白在LNG-IUS治疗后3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月均明显高于对照组,子宫体积在LNG-IUS治疗后3个月、6个月、9个月均明显大于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者不良反应发生率(41.94%)高于对照组(32.26%)(P0.05)。结论:GnRH-a联合LNG-IUS是治疗大子宫腺肌病和子宫肌瘤的有效方法,值得临床推广使用。     

子宫腺肌病患者应用腹腔镜子宫楔形切除术并术后阴道置放左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗效果观察

目的:观察对子宫腺肌病采用腹腔镜子宫楔形切除术并术后阴道置放左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗方法的临床效果。方法:将63例子宫腺肌病患者根据治疗方法分为两组,研究组(n=33)采用腹腔镜子宫楔形切除术合并术后阴道置放左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗,对照组(n=30)仅采用腹腔镜子宫楔形切除术治疗;观察比较两组患者术后3、6、12、24个月的子宫体积、月经量、痛经评分、血红蛋白、血清CA125水平及术后随访期间的复发和妊娠情况。结果:研究组患者术后12个月及24个月时的子宫体积小于对照组(P0.05),术后12月及24月时的疼痛评分显著低于对照组(P0.01),术后24个月时的月经量少于对照组(P0.01);研究组患者术后24月内的血清CA125及血红蛋白水平控制较好,而对照组术后血清CA125水平逐渐升高,而血红蛋白水平逐渐降低,但两组数据间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组中术后24个月内0例复发,而对照组出现3例复发(P0.05);对照组2例患者顺利妊娠,研究组中无患者成功妊娠。结论:采用腹腔镜子宫楔形切除术并术后阴道置放左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统治疗子宫腺肌病可更有效地缓解患者的症状,控制疾病的进展,故具有较好的疗效。     

来曲唑对子宫内膜异位症患者内分泌激素的影响

目的:探讨来曲唑对子宫内膜异位症患者内分泌激素的影响。方法:选取2013年6月至2015年6月我院收治的子宫内膜异位症患者82例作为研究对象。所有对象均服用来曲唑治疗,连续6个月。观察治疗效果,并分析比较患者治疗前后的疼痛评分和性激素水平。结果:来曲唑治疗子宫内膜异位症的总有效率为87.8%,不良反应发生率为3.7%。患者治疗后的痛经VAS评分与盆腔触痛VAS评分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗3个月及6个月时,患者的LH和E2水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后患者的AST水平及ALT水平与治疗前相比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:来曲唑治疗子宫内膜异位症疗效显著,可明显缓解痛经和盆腔痛的症状,并可有效调节患者体内雌激素水平。     

左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统联合宫腔镜子宫内膜切除术治疗围绝经期异常子宫出血的临床疗效

目的探讨左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统联合宫腔镜子宫内膜切除术治疗围绝经期异常子宫出血的临床疗效。方法选取2017年1月至2018年6月东阳市中医院诊治的围绝经期异常子宫出血患者146例作为研究对象。随机分为观察组和对照组,各73例;两组患者均采取左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统治疗,观察组联合宫腔镜子宫内膜切除术。随访12个月,比较两组患者不同时间点的月经失血图(PBAC)评分、子宫内膜厚度、子宫体积,以及血红蛋白、血清糖类抗原125(CA125)水平,比较有效率,观察复发率和不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者在治疗前PBAC评分上差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月PBAC评分均较治疗前明显降低,与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者在治疗前子宫内膜厚度、子宫体积上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后6个月、12个月的子宫内膜厚度、子宫体积均较治疗前明显减小,与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者在治疗前血红蛋白、CA125水平上差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后6个月、12个月的血红蛋白均较治疗前明显升高,CA125水平均较治疗前明显降低,与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的有效率均明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组复发率和不良反应发生率均明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统联合宫腔镜子宫内膜切除术治疗围绝经期异常子宫出血患者,其临床疗效确切、安全可靠,在控制病情、减少复发和不良反应发生方面均具有优势,值得临床推广应用。     

无排卵性子宫出血患者应用左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统对子宫内膜的影响

目的:观察分析无排卵性子宫出血患者应用左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统对子宫内膜的影响。方法:采用抽签法随机选取我院自2014年1月至2015年6月收治的无排卵性子宫出血患者共计124例,并按照随机数表法将其随机分成观察组与对照组各62例。对照组给予口服左炔诺孕酮治疗,观察组则在宫腔中置入左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统进行治疗。测定患者治疗前和治疗后3个月的经量、子宫内膜厚度、血红蛋白水平、PBAC评分,同时观察孕激素(P)、雌激素(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)以及促黄体生成素(LH)等相关激素水平的变化,统计治疗后不良反应的例数。结果:治疗前两组无排卵性子宫内膜出血患者的月经量、血红蛋白水平、子宫内膜厚度及PBAC评分比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者以上四个指标较治疗前均明显改善(P0.05)。且观察组患者月经量、子宫内膜厚度、和PBAC评分明显低于对照组,观察组血红蛋白水平(125.8±14.2)g/L高于对照组(118.9±13.7)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的相关激素水平比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的相关激素水平较治疗前均明显改善(P0.05)。且观察组和对照组的FSH、LH及T水平相比无明显差异(P0.05),而E2和P水平与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组共发生不良反应5例和对照组13例不良反应相比较,其不良反应率(8.06%)明显低于对照组(20.96%),比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统能够更有效地降低子宫内膜厚度,影响体内相关激素水平的变化,降低治疗中和治疗后的不良反应发生率,更具安全性。     

诺舒子宫内膜切除术治疗子宫腺肌病疗效与相关影响因素分析

目的探讨诺舒子宫内膜切除术治疗子宫腺肌病月经过多和痛经的疗效及其相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年5月在宁波市第四医院妇科行子宫内膜切除术治疗伴有痛经和月经过多症状子宫腺肌病患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式不同将其分为诺舒子宫内切除术组(n=73)和传统经宫颈子宫内膜电切术组(n=73)。随访两组患者术后1年内月经过多及痛经改善状况,并分析影响诺舒组痛经疗效的相关影响因素。结果诺舒组患者手术时间、术中出血量和住院时长明显低于电切组患者,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后12个月随访中,诺舒组患者子宫切除率为4.1%(3/73),月经过多治疗的总有效率为93.2%(68/73),与电切组患者相比(2.7%和91.8%),其差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。诺舒组和电切组患者术后痛经缓解率比较(76.7%比79.5%),其差异无统计学意义(Z=0.322,P=0.748),但诺舒组患者术后3个月和12个月VAS评分改善情况明显优于电切组(均P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,病程、痛经程度分级和组织类型是子宫腺肌病患者痛经治疗有效的独立危险因素。结论诺舒子宫内膜切除术能够显著改善子宫腺肌病患者月经过多和痛经症状,与传统经宫颈子宫内膜电切术疗效相当,但对于病程长、术前痛经程度分级高和弥漫型子宫腺肌病患者,应当注意术后痛经难以缓解的情况发生。     

不同治疗方式对子宫腺肌病患者性生活及婚姻生活质量的影响

目的:探讨放置宫内节育器、口服米非司酮和子宫全切三种治疗方式对子宫腺肌病患者性生活及婚姻生活质量的影响。方法:选择我院2011年1月至2014年1月的子宫腺肌病患者300例,分为放置左旋炔诺孕酮缓释系统(A组)105人,口服米非司酮(B组)103人,子宫全切(C组)92人。通过问卷调查方式对患者治疗前1个月以及治疗后1个月、6个月和12个月痛经情况、性生活质量和婚姻生活质量进行观察。结果:C组患者术后6个月和12个月的性生活质量和婚姻生活质量满意程度均明显偏低,具有显著性差异。B组患者性生活和婚姻生活质量均较治疗前有所提高,而A组患者的性生活和婚姻生活质量明显比治疗前提高(P0.01),与B组相比婚姻生活质量更好。结论:左旋炔诺孕酮缓释系统可以有效提高子宫腺肌病患者性生活和婚姻生活质量。     

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants

12 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants were diagnosed in a 14-year period. The patients were middle-aged, and their average exposure time was 13 years. The plant families and plants causing occupational contact dermatitis were Compositae (5 patients: chrysanthemum, elecampane, gerbera, feverfew), Alstroemeriaceae (5 patients, Alstroemeria ), Liliaceae (4 patients; tulip, hyacinth). Amaryllidaceae (2 patients: narcissus) and Caryophyllaceae (2 patients; carnation, cauzeflower). The known chemical allergens causing dermatitis were tuliposide-A and sesquiterepene lactones, such as alantolactones and parthenolide, in the Liliaceae and Compositae families. 7 of the 12 patients were able to continue their work; 5 were not because of severe relapses of skin symptoms. The plant allergen and extract series currently available are of great help in the diagnosis.     

Metástasis cutáneas de tumores sólidos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo

Introduction

Cutaneous metastases are a rare event compared with other metastases. Their incidence is estimated between 0.7% and 9% of patients with cancer. Their presence always indicates a disseminated malignant disease and could also be the first manifestation of a tumor, appearing simultaneously or after a diagnosis of cancer.

Objectives

To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous metastases in our hospital.

Material and method

We performed an observational retrospective study. We included all patients with cutaneous metastases diagnosed in the Dermatology Service of our hospital during a 7-year period. Patients with metastases from sarcomas, melanomas and hematologic malignances were excluded.

Results

We studied 102 patients with cutaneous metastases. The primary tumor was identified in 87 patients (85%). The most frequent tumors were breast cancer in women (48%) and lung cancer in men (11%). Cutaneous metastases were the first sign of malignancy in 12 patients (11%). The predominant clinical form was the nodular form. The most common localization of the metastases was the thoracic region. The most common histologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma. The mean survival after the development of metastases was 22.1 months.

Conclusion

There is an association between the frequency of cutaneous metastases and the most frequent malignancies in each sex.Our results were similar to those of other studies regarding age, sex distribution, the predominant clinical form, location, and histological diagnosis of cutaneous metastases.     

Skin microbiome and acne vulgaris: Staphylococcus,a new actor in acne

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), the sebaceous gland and follicular keratinocytes are considered the three actors involved in the development of acne. This exploratory study investigated the characteristics of the skin microbiota in subjects with acne and determined microbiota changes after 28 days of application of erythromycin 4% or a dermocosmetic. Skin microbiota were collected under axenic conditions from comedones, papulo‐pustular lesions and non‐lesional skin areas from subjects with mild to moderate acne according to the GEA grading using swabs. Samples were characterized using a high‐throughput sequencing approach that targets a portion of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Overall, microbiota samples from 26 subjects showed an overabundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and an under‐representation of Actinobacteria. Staphylococci were more abundant on the surface of comedones, papules and pustules (P=.004 and P=.003 respectively) than on non‐lesional skin. Their proportions increased significantly with acne severity (P<.05 between GEA‐2 and GEA‐3). Propionibacteria represented less than 2% of the bacteria on the skin surface. At Day 28, only the number of Actinobacteria had decreased with erythromycin while the dermocosmetic decreased also the number of Staphylococci. A significant reduction (P<.05) from Day 0 of comedones, papules and pustules with no significant difference between the products was observed. The bacterial diversity on all sampling areas was similar. The dermocosmetic decreased the number of Actinobacteria and Staphylococcus spp. after 28 days. Staphylococcus remained the predominant genus of the superficial skin microbiota. No significant reduction in Staphylococcus spp. was observed with the topical antibiotic.     

Einsatz und Bedeutung von Ciclopirox‐Lack

Summary: Onychomycosis is a common disease all over the world. Epidemiological surveys estimate the share of nail fungi at 30 % in superficial mycoses. Patients regard this disease as annoying and restrictive with regard to daily activities and social contacts. Since the beginning of the 1990ies modern treatment strategies have been developed. Among oral drugs topical lacquers like ciclopirox 8 % nail lacquer – which is approved in 45 countries of the world – play an important role in the treatment of onychomycosis. Ciclopirox nail lacquer is approved for the treatment of all types of onychomycosis. Its mode of action is fungicidal and sporocidal. The efficacy has been proven in numerous studies including all potential fungi responsible for the infection of the nail plate and in different patient populations. Due to the different mode of action compared to the azoles – ciclopirox does not impact the ergosterole synthesis – ciclopirox is an ideal combination partner for oral antimycotics. Ciclopirox nail lacquer is applied with a brush. This makes it easy to use. Adverse events were rarely reported and are of local nature.     

Curettage and colour—A technique for defining tumour depth on the ear in the Mohs and non-Mohs setting

For tumours of the ear that are suspected to involve auricular cartilage, precise definition of the extent of involved deep margin can be difficult. As large resections of cartilage can be cosmetically disfiguring with limited repair options, we propose a simple and effective technique to facilitate a targeted deep margin resection using a curette and a surgical marking pen.     

Skin elasticity in localized scleroderma (morphoea). Introduction of a biaxial in vivo method for measurement of tensile distensibility, hysteresis, and resilient distension of diseased and normal skin

A method for measuring skin elasticity in vivo based on repeated applications of suction to a circular skin area with a diameter of 10 mm and measurement of tensile distensibility (TD), hysteresis (H), and resilient distension (RD) by the principle of electrical capacitance calibrated to elevation of the skin surface in mm is introduced. Measurements in 14 patients of 51 lesions of localized scleroderma (morphoea) and regional controls revealed a characteristic rheological pattern in the sclerotic state representing structural alterations with reduced TD and H; H became temporarily increased during remission. Measurements in control regions showed significant correlations between TD and H (r=0.382), and between H and RD (r=0.420). Regional differences between extremities, abdomen, and back were significant and “inversely” correlated to skin thickness as measured by ultrasound (r=0.451). The method was highly reproducible according to studies on silicone rubber membrane (SD of TD different sites, 0.023 mm; SD of H, 0.010 mm; SD of TD same sites repeated, 0.010 mm). The biological, day-to-day variation in different regions of a healthy individual was considerably higher (SD of TD, 0.048–0.087 mm), in particular with respect to H (SD, 0.122–0.277 mm). TD was very variable. Experiments on abdominal skin showed that previous mechanical stress resulted in a characteristic pattern with an increase in TD and a decrease in H. Acute edema (histamine weal) resulted in a characteristic pattern with increased TD and H. Both experiments illustrated functional aspects of skin rheology overlying the structure and explaining part of the biological variation.