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1.
睾丸生精细胞的增殖、分化受到严格的基因调控,同时在精子发生的生理和病理过程充当着重要角色。生精细胞凋亡是机体清除剩余或缺陷细胞的正常生理机理,也可能是男性不育的病理环节。寻找影响生精细胞凋亡的调节因子,阐明各种死亡信号的调控机制,掌握生精细胞凋亡的病理学调控,将为男科不育的治疗及探索男性节育新途径奠定理论基础,为睾丸精液脱落细胞学的检测,评价睾丸生殖功能与性功能提供了依据。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨精液脱落细胞学在少、无精子症中的应用价值。方法:对234例少精子症和994例无精子症不育者的精液脱落细胞学检测结果进行回顾性分析研究,并对不育者的就诊年龄、婚育年限、睾丸体积及精液细胞观察类型和检出数量进行统计学分析。细胞学检测采用瑞氏-姬姆萨染色,油镜观察。结果:不育者的就诊年龄、婚育年限组间比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。睾丸体积组间比较差异显著(P0.001)。精原细胞、初级精母细胞、精子细胞、间质细胞、中性粒细胞和吞噬细胞组间比较均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:无精子症患者的睾丸体积要明显小于少精子症组。精液细胞的异常脱落与精子浓度的多寡密切相关。精液细胞的检测,对评估睾丸功能损伤程度和指导临床治疗具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
70例无精子症生精细胞检出与病因分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的:根据精液中生精细胞的有无、形态和比例,进行精象分析,作为评价睾丸功能和鉴别阻塞性和非阻塞性无精子症的有效方法.方法:用精液涂片,瑞-吉氏染色,油镜下分类和分型,并以睾丸活检病理所见对照.结果:697例不育者中发现70例无精子,检出率为10.04%,有生精细胞者42例(60%),95.2%有精母细胞和精子细胞;无生精细胞者28例(40%),两者的睾丸大小显著不同.病因以服用过棉籽油占30.00%;原因不明占22.86%;腮腺炎史占12.86%;输精管因素占10.00%.精液细胞学检查与睾丸活检病理诊断基本一致.结论:精液细胞学检查是一种无创伤性、无后遗症、无痛苦和操作简便,适用于基层判断睾丸功能和区别病因的有效的方法,值得推广.  相似文献   

4.
男性在生殖过程中的主要作用是提供精子,研究男性生殖功能最关键的就是研究精子发生。精子发生指的是睾丸生精小管内的精原干细胞分化为成熟精子的一系列精密复杂的过程。在睾丸支持细胞、间质细胞、其他物质和因子的共同参与下,各级生精细胞经过连续不断地增殖、分裂和分化,以及圆形精子细胞的成熟和形态变化,最终形成精子释放到睾丸小管内。睾丸的血睾屏障等结构、生精细胞和支持细胞等细胞在精子发生过程中均起着重要作用,而酶、激素、信号因子等一系列因素也在这个过程中起重要的调节作用,影响精子质量和数量,从而影响生育能力。本文从分子生物学的层面,将精子发生过程中生精细胞增殖和凋亡的过程、相关因子及通路进行整理和综述,以期为相关研究提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
近年来,精子形态学和生精细胞学检测越来越受到男科特别是生殖中心的重视,然而将未染色的精液进行形态学和细胞学分析,其对精子的畸形率及圆细胞的判断存在极大的误差.笔者通过将3例典型患者的精液染色后分析精子形态和生精细胞,做出新的病情诊断及治疗方案,从而探讨精子细胞学与生精细胞学检测在男科临床中的应用价值.  相似文献   

6.
<正>《精液脱落细胞学与睾丸组织病理学》(第2版)由曹兴午、徐晨、李宏军、白文俊教授主编,杨文质、王泰龄、赵天德教授任顾问,并由丛玉隆教授、郭应禄院士和卫生部原副部长殷大奎作序。该书于2017年5月由北京大学医学出版社出版发行。该书总结了诸位作者数十年科研和临床研究的成果,将近2万份病例、1.5万幅生精细胞与精子形态学照片、2千余幅睾丸病理  相似文献   

7.
锌是人体必须的微量元素,正常男子的前列腺、睾丸与精液中含量较高,在人类的生殖机能中起着重要的作用[1]。研究锌元素对男性生殖系统的影响,不仅是诊治男性不育的重要依据,也是男性计划生育研究的新课题。一些研究资料揭示,微量元素与性功能、性激素分泌及生殖系统病变密切相关,某些元素的代谢紊乱可导致男性不育。本文就精浆锌对不育男子精液质量的影响进行综述。  相似文献   

8.
曹兴午 《中国性科学》2011,20(11):64-64
曹兴午、李宏军、白文俊教授主编的《精液脱落细胞学与睾丸组织病理学》一书,近日由北京大学医学科学出版基金资助,北京大学医学出版社出版。该书收集了800幅图片、50幅表格,其40万字。该  相似文献   

9.
目的:了解解脲支原体(UU)感染泌尿生殖器后是否会引起射出精液细胞的异常凋亡,精液细胞凋亡与精液质量的关系,感染部位及炎症程度与精液细胞凋亡的关系。进而分析解脲支原体感染泌尿生殖器后所致的射出精液细胞凋亡与男性不育的关系如何?探讨射出精液细胞凋亡增高是否解脲支原体感染泌尿生殖器后引起男性不育的一个机制环节。方法:用TUNEL法(末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口荧光素末端标记法)及流式细胞仪检测19例泌尿生殖器UU感染的射出精液细胞凋亡率。结果:解脲支原体感染组中,不育患(UUif)的射出精液细胞凋亡率明显高于生育力正常(UUf)。精子活动度和精子细胞数均与射出精液细胞凋亡率呈负相关。解脲支原体感染组(UU )的凋亡率比正常对照组(UU-)高。解脲支原体感染组中,前列腺炎组(UUp)的射出精液细胞凋亡率比单纯尿道炎组(UUur)高。结论:男性不育与射出精液细胞凋亡有关,后与精液质量下降有关。解脲支原体感染泌尿生殖器后引起射出精液细胞凋亡可能是UU感染所致男性不育的一个发病机制环节,UU所致的射出精液细胞凋亡可能通过改变精液质量从而引起男性不育。  相似文献   

10.
无精子症主要是以睾丸生精及运输障碍为主要病因,其病因及表现非常复杂,在临床上是指三次以上精液化验均无精子的病症。发病率为男性不育症的6%~10%,是引起不育较严重的病症。1临床诊断可概括为以下三种情况1.1性激素的改变下丘脑—垂体—睾丸轴内分泌调控着人体的生殖功能,当生殖功能障碍时,生殖激素FSH、LH、T值即有所改变。FSH、LH是垂体分泌的下丘脑GnRH(促性腺激素,释放激素)促使其分泌。生精上皮细胞正常时,支持细胞分泌的多肽类激素Inhibin(抑制素)抑制FSH的分泌,使其维持正常水平。当睾丸组织受损伤时,支持细胞分泌的抑制…  相似文献   

11.
Frontiers in sebaceous gland biology and pathology   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Abstract:  The development of experimental models for the in vitro study of human sebaceous gland turned down the theory of a phylogenetic relict and led to the identification of several, unknown or disregarded functions of this organ. Such functions are the production of foetal vernix caseosa, the influence of three-dimensional organization of the skin surface lipids and the integrity of skin barrier and the influence on follicular differentiation. In addition, the sebaceous gland contributes to the transport of fat-soluble antioxidants from and to the skin surface, the natural photoprotection, the pro- and antiinflammatory skin properties and to the innate antimicrobial activity of the skin. It is mainly responsible for skin's independent endocrine function, the hormonally induced skin ageing process, the steroidogenic function of the skin as well as its thermoregulatory and repelling properties and for selective control of the hormonal and xenobiotical actions of the skin. Interestingly, sebocytes, at least in vitro , preserve characteristics of stem-like cells despite their programming for terminal differentiation. This review reports on various sebaceous gland functions, which are currently under investigation, including its role on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal-like axis of the skin, the impact of acetylcholine on sebocyte biology, the activity of ectopeptidases as new targets to regulate sebocyte function, the effects of vitamin D on human sebocytes, the expression of retinoid metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes and the possible role of sebum as vehicle of fragrances. These multiple homeostatic functions award the sebaceous gland the role 'brain of the skin' and the most important cutaneous endocrine gland.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract:  Melatonin, one of the evolutionarily most ancient, highly conserved and most pleiotropic hormones still operative in man, couples complex tissue functions to defined changes in the environment. Showing photoperiod-associated changes in its activity levels in mammals, melatonin regulates, chronobiological and reproductive systems, coat phenotype and mammary gland functions. However, this chief secretory product of the pineal gland is now recognized to also exert numerous additional functions which range from free radical scavenging and DNA repair via immunomodulation, body weight control and the promotion of wound healing to the coupling of environmental cues to circadian clock gene expression and the modulation of secondary endocrine signalling (e.g. prolactin release, oestrogen receptor-mediated signalling). Some of these activities are mediated by high-affinity membrane (MT1, MT2) or specific cytosolic (MT3/NQO2) and nuclear hormone receptors (RORα), while others reflect receptor-independent antioxidant activities of melatonin. Recently, it was shown that mammalian (including human) skin and hair follicles are not only melatonin targets, but also sites of extrapineal melatonin synthesis. Therefore, we provide here an update of the relevant cutaneous effects and mechanisms of melatonin, portray melatonin as a major skin protectant and sketch how its multi-facetted functions may impact on skin biology and pathology. This is illustrated by focussing on recent findings on the role of melatonin in photodermatology and hair follicle biology. After listing a number of key open questions, we conclude by defining particularly important, clinically relevant perspectives for how melatonin may become therapeutically exploitable in cutaneous medicine.  相似文献   

13.
性教育作为普通教育的一部分,不仅影响着儿童个性的发展,同时作为人性潜能的一部分,有助于儿童和青少年发展必需的技能,使其能在不同的年龄阶段做出关于两性关系问题的正确抉择.本文以欧洲性教育标准为契机,着重介绍“全人性教育”的标准与特征:“全人性教育”在思想上,把性看作“一种积极的人体潜力”;在理念上,倡导性教育是一种终身教育;在法律依据上,以性及生殖健康权为基础.  相似文献   

14.
The neuropeptide galanin has been ascribed different roles in modulating physiological functions in the skin. The present study examined the function of galanin in eccrine sweat gland physiology. We demonstrated secretion of galanin by sweat glands in vivo by radioimmunoassay of human sweat (20–192 fmol galanin/ml). Furthermore, human sweat glands expressed galanin receptors GalR2 and GalR3. Using chamber short‐circuit current (Isc) measurements showed that application of galanin to human NCL‐SG3 cells led to a significant increase in Isc, which was inhibited by the presence of chloride channel blockers and in chloride‐free Krebs solution. Additionally, application of SNAP 37889, a non‐peptidergic selective antagonist of GalR3, abolished the effect of galanin on Isc. In summary, our results show that galanin can regulate transepithelial chloride ion transport and fluid secretion by stimulating GalR3 in NCL‐SG3 cells and demonstrate a possible important extraneural function of galanin in sweat gland physiology.  相似文献   

15.
W B Schill  B Przybilla 《Zeitschrift für Hautkrankheiten》1985,60(13):1066, 1069-76, 1079-82
Side effects of drugs on male fertility occur more often than they are expected to. In general, they are not recognized till during andrological examination on account of a barren marriage. A transient or permanent inhibition of male fertility by drugs is possible, if one of the following functions interferes: spermatogenesis, sperm maturation within the epididymis, sperm transport, sperm metabolism and motility, semen liquefaction, capacitation, acrosomal reaction, or ovum penetration. Best known is the impairment of spermatogenesis by direct inhibition of the germinal epithelium (antispermatogenic agents: cytostatics, immunosuppressive agents, psychopharmacological compounds, antibiotics) or indirectly by influencing the axis between hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads (hormones: estrogens, gestagens, androgens, anabolics, antiandrogens). Sperm transport may be impaired by neuroleptic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, antihypertensive drugs like guanethidine, and ganglionic blocking agents. Inhibition of sperm motility is possible by antibiotics, psychopharmacological agents, anthelmintics, and beta receptor blockers. In future, it will therefore be necessary to pay more attention to side effects of drugs on male fertility, particularly with regard to patients at the age of reproductiveness.  相似文献   

16.
目的:检测环氧化酶-2(COX-2)在正常成年男性睾丸组织中的表达情况,探讨COX-2在正常人体生殖机能中可能也起一定的作用.方法:采用免疫组织化学、RT-PCR和Western-blot方法检测正常成年男性睾丸组织中COX-2的表达及定位.结果:三种方法提示成年男性睾丸组织均有COX-2在基因和蛋白质水平均存在表达;免疫组织化学结果显示三例正常成年男性睾丸组织均有COX-2阳性表达,COX-2定位于曲细精管内的生精细胞以及间质内的Leydig细胞.结论:本研究在多层面证实正常成年男性睾丸的生精细胞和Leyding细胞中存在COX-2表达,提示COX-2可能与睾丸的精子生成以及合成睾酮的过程有关.  相似文献   

17.
性学领域几个关注问题简析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
性学在中国现代意义上的重新确立,在于性科学本质的重现,在于以生物医学为基础的整个学科的不断发展和完善。而与此相对的是性学领域中属于社会学范畴的一些问题,因受历史、文化、民俗及政治、价值观和外来政治文化观念的影响,存在着较大的分歧,容易在相关学者和普通民众间引起不同的体味和关注。如非婚性行为,性少数与同性恋、生育调节、性传播疾病与艾滋病、性工作者、青少年性教育、性道德及网络涉性等。关于这些问题,国家已有相应的法律法规予以管理,民族已有共识的风俗习惯予以调节,社会已有相应的道德规范加以约束,学者们也在努力做着相应的研究。  相似文献   

18.
性学研究在当前进入了一个新阶段,即跨学科的综合性研究(The Interdisciplinary study of Sexology).本文就是以新性学-文化-人类学对于男性的阳痿进行跨学科的综合性探讨,作者从文化人类学、文化史、心理学、传统性学和普通医学等学科,对于被称为男人的阳痿和其他相关问题进行多元性探索.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVES: To complement biological and social behavioural markers in evaluating the complex intervention of sexual and reproductive health among adolescents in rural Zimbabwe, community-derived markers of effectiveness were sought. Through a participatory workshop with adolescent boys and girls, an innovative "risk map research workshop" was developed to be conducted throughout the study sites. METHODS: 78 gender-specific standardised workshops were conducted among secondary school students. Participants drew risk maps of their community. Focus group discussions explored each risk area identified on the map. Grounded Theory was used to create "categories" and "subcategories." Workshops continued to be held until "saturation", whereby no new categories emerged. "Axial coding" identified the inter-relationship between categories and subcategories according to their relevance to sexual and reproductive health risk. RESULTS: Six "risk area" Grounded Theory categories emerged from the data: bush/rural terrain, commercial centres, homes, school environs, religious and spiritual venues, and roadsides. 17 subcategories emerged, grouped under each of the risk area categories, such as riverbeds, growth points, homesteads, classrooms, all-night prayer meetings and truck stops. Risks and the consequences of risks included sexually transmitted infections (including HIV), violence, sexual abuse, expulsion from school and illegal abortion. CONCLUSIONS: Risk maps provide unique data that can be used to measure more subtle changes that occur as a result of social behavioural interventions aimed at addressing reproductive and sexual health. Another round of risk map research workshops will be held towards the end of the study to explore changes in milieu, behaviour and experiences, and will complement and triangulate the biological and other social behavioural outcome measures.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Although an understanding of the photobiology of the skin has been extensively advanced recently, the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on sebaceous glands is not well known. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the direct effect of UV radiation on cultured sebocytes from hamsters in vitro experimental system. Moreover, we examined whether UV-induced peroxidation of skin surface lipids may affect barrier function of horney layer. METHODS: We irradiated cultured sebocytes from hamsters, which have similar biological characteristics to the human sebocytes, with UV radiation. Moreover, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was examined after topical application of cholesterol or triglyceride (TG) and UV exposures on the back of hamsters. RESULTS: The number of sebocytes were increased significantly (120-140%) after 4 days as compared with the non-irradiated controls. Lipid production in sebocytes was also increased on day 7 in an irradiation-dependent manner up to 4.1 times of the pre-irradiated level. When UVB was irradiated to TG- or cholesterol-applied skin at the minimum ear-swelling dose, TEWL increased twice or more as compared with UVB irradiation to unapplied sites. When in vitro-irradiated TG, in vitro-irradiated cholesterol, TG-peroxide (TG-OOH), and cholesterol-peroxide (CHO-OOH) were applied to the skin, TEWL increased significantly. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that UVB may directly activate the functions of the sebaceous gland in vivo to produce increased amounts of sebum, which may undergo peroxidation by UV light and damage the barrier functions of the skin.  相似文献   

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