武汉某高校大学生性健康教育选修课程的干预效果评价

目的 调查武汉某高校大学生人群对性健康的认识及对相关知识的需求,观察其接受性健康教育课程干预后对性的认识程度,为促进大学生身心健康提供科学依据。方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷对516名在校大学生的性健康及性传播疾病认知及态度、行为进行调查。结果 收取有效问卷512份,49.20%(252名)没有接受过正规的性教育,58.20%(298名)自认了解性健康知识,90.20%(462名)认同婚前性行为,仅24.60%(126名)能完全正确回答安全性行为知识。学生对于性健康的了解程度较低、对婚前性行为接受程度较高、对性相关疾病认知率较低、对大学生中存在的危险性行为持宽容态度。结论 大学生生殖健康知识缺乏是导致未婚先孕、性传播疾病发病率上升的原因之一。学生对学校有明确的性健康教育需求。     

学生家长在青少年性与生殖健康教育中的作用

目的:探索学生家长在青少年性与生殖健康教育中的作用。方法:分别在长春市朝阳区、南关区、二道区三所中学的初中部对198名家长进行匿名问卷调查,了解初中在校学生家长在青少年性与生殖健康教育的过程中的态度与需求。结果:家长对目前社会上青少年因过早发生性行为导致的性传播疾病、艾滋病和意外妊娠的现状认识不足,对家庭参与青少年性教育重要性认识不足。与子女就性与生殖健康问题缺乏沟通。向子女进行性与生殖健康知识的讲解、教育不足。79.1%的家长支持对青少年开展性与生殖健康教育,希望能参加家长学校学习性与生殖健康知识,学习针对青少年性与生殖健康教育的方法与技巧。结论:青少年性健康教育必须形成社会-学校-家庭为一体的教育体系。青少年性健康教育走进家庭势在必行,呼吁政府及相关组织给予高度的重视与帮助。     

绍兴市某高校大学生生殖健康知识调查及分析

目的:了解绍兴市某高校在校大学生生殖健康知识的认知程度和行为状况,为高校开展生殖健康教育工作提供依据。方法:对绍兴市某高校在校1873名大学生进行了问卷调查,并对其结果进行统计学分析。结果:大学生对自身生殖健康知识的认知评估有偏差,对生殖健康知识的了解缺乏系统性和准确性;获得性健康知识的途径多样化和性别差异,现代网络传播对男生的冲击更大;男女生对婚前性行为的态度有明显差异,男生对婚前性行为的接受度明显高于女生;参加过性健康知识方面讲座的学生对性传播疾病了解的程度较高。结论:大学生生殖健康知识急需加强,有必要对在校大学生进行科学、系统的生殖健康教育。     

移动互联时代大学女生性健康与性病关注调查分析

目的了解移动互联时代北京市大学女生对性健康知识和性传播疾病的认知情况。方法利用智能手机微信二维码技术,对北京市在校大学女生进行了面对面的问卷调查。结果共获得168份完整数据,结果显示大学女生对在校期间发生性行为持更加宽容的态度,更愿意通过微博、微信、QQ、网站等现代媒体手段接受性健康教育,对自身的性健康更关注妇科疾病,对性病知识了解不足,但愿意尝试通过移动互联途径获取相关知识,并且愿意通过网络购买检测试剂来评估自身是否有相关疾病。结论移动互联网时代,大学女生的性健康和性教育问题应该得到普遍关注和重视。     

职业高中学生性与生殖健康知识现状调查与研究

目的:通过对职业高中学生的性与生殖健康知识现状调查研究,了解学生性与生殖健康知识掌握情况、存在的问题和需求,为职业高中学生开展性与生殖健康知识宣传与指导提供科学依据。方法:对16~19岁在校职业高中学生420人进行性与生殖健康知识问卷调查。结果:56.2%的学生能正确了解艾滋病的传播途径,70%以上的学生不了解避孕方法的使用时机以及人工流产对女学生身心健康带来的伤害。结论:职业高中学生性与生殖健康知识掌握不够全面,对性行为带来的身心伤害认识不足。结合学生的特点与生殖健康需求,运用建构主义学习理论,开展科学性、实用性、针对性较强和易于接受的生殖健康教育课程,建立健全完善的"家庭-学校-社会"三位一体的教育教学模式,以提高我国青少年性与生殖健康知识水平,促进其身心健康发展。     

开展参与式性健康教育唤醒流动人口青少年的自我保护意识

目的:探索一条在青少年中开展性与生殖健康教育的有效模式,提高青少年的生殖健康知识水平。方法:在工厂流动人口的青少年中开展参与式性健康教育,收到了良好的效果。结果:培训前后比较,赞成青少年的非婚性行为降低了39个百分点,知道安全套的正确使用方法及如何进行健康、安全和负责任的性行为升高了50多个百分点。培训后青少年生殖与避孕知识、预防艾滋病知识知晓正确率大幅度提高,性与生殖健康知识的普及转变了青少年当初谈性色变的态度;逐步树立起安全、负责任的性行为;正确使用安全套的技能得到了提高。结论:参与式、启发式、互动式、情景式的教学方法,是开展青少年性健康教育工作的有效途径。     

医学生性健康教育成效评估

目的:普及性科学知识,提高医学生性健康水平,了解医学生性健康教育的需求并实施干预,对干预效果进行评估,为大学生性健康教育献计献策,提高大学生性健康教育水平.使学生具有科学的性知识、正确的性观念、高尚的性道德和健康的性行为.方法:按照专业分层整群抽样调查.对学生实施性健康教育干预,采用自行设计性健康教育问卷前后测查.结果...     

95后医学生性观念调查研究

目的:了解95后医学院校学生性观念情况,探讨医学院校学生性行为,为高校性健康教育及干预措施的制定提供理论依据。方法:自行设计性观念问卷,对江苏省2所高校480名95后医学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果:医学生对生殖系统构造和功能较为了解;男女生对与异性发生性行为的态度存在显著差异; 87. 3%的医学生认为同性恋是一种正常的情感抉择; 76. 3%的医学生认为开展性健康教育很有必要。结论:95后医学生性观念开放,但性行为发生率低于非医学生;医学专业知识并未解决他们的性烦恼,为医学生开设性教育课程非常必要;性教育要综合运用性道德、性心理学等学科知识。     

广东省未婚青少年流动人口性健康行为干预研究

目的：本研究通过对广东省未婚青少年流动人口性健康状况（性观念、性知识、性行为及影响因素）进行流行病学定量和社会学定性调查,为改善未婚青少年性健康服务提供科学依据。方法：采用问卷调查、小组访谈和个人深入访谈的方法,了解未婚流动人口对性与生殖健康的认知、态度和行为。结果：显示未婚青少年流动人口的性道德观向更加开放和宽容转变,表现出明显的分散和多元特征,较城市居民更容易产生一些性与生殖健康问题。结论：加强对未婚青少年流动人口的性道德观的教育,为他们提供有效的性和生殖健康信息及服务,能够有效地改善青少年的生殖健康状况。     

上海市大学生性与生殖健康相关知识、态度和行为及影响因素分析

目的了解上海市高校学生性与生殖健康相关知识、态度和行为,为教育管理部门制定性与生殖健康教育管理策略和措施提供基础信息和科学依据。方法抽取上海市1 120名在校大学生作为调查对象,采用电子问卷平台"问卷星"进行在线调查。结果大学生性与生殖健康知识中艾滋病/性病防治知识得分为(12.53±2.84)分。大学生对发生婚前性行为持反对态度的仅为20.0%。有21.3%(234人)发生过性行为,其中男生(111/403,27.5%)的性行为发生率高于女生(123/697,17.6%),首次发生性行为的年龄在(18.97±1.85)岁,仅40.2%(94人)坚持每次使用安全套。男生中有更高的比例(139/403,34.5%)反对发生同性性行为,而对于婚前性行为、婚外性行为和保持多性伴行为的态度则更加宽容;有吸烟和饮酒等行为的学生表现得较为宽容。对性与生殖健康相关知识掌握越全面的大学生,越不容易产生高危性行为的意向(r=0.396,P0.001);对性与生殖健康相关态度越积极的大学生,也越不容易产生高危行行为的意向(r=0.070,P=0.020)。高达94.6%和93.6%的被调查学生认为在大学生和中学生中开展生殖健康和预防性病教育活动很有必要。结论大学生对生殖健康知识认识存在误区,对性行为的观念越来越开放,对生殖健康方面的知识需求较高,国内有关部门有必要制定相关管理策略和措施以改善青少年性与生殖健康的状况。     

Outcomes and adverse effects of ablative vs nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing: A systematic review of 1093 patients

It is generally believed that ablative laser therapies result in prolonged healing and greater adverse events when compared with nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing. To evaluate the efficacy of ablative laser use for skin resurfacing and adverse events as a consequence of treatment in comparison to other modalities, a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review (Systematic Review Registration Number: 204016) of twelve electronic databases was conducted for the terms “ablative laser” and “skin resurfacing” from March 2002 until July 2020. Studies included meta‐analyses, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case reports to facilitate evaluation of the data. All articles were evaluated for bias. The search strategy produced 34 studies. Of 1093 patients included in the studies of interest, adverse events were reported in a total of 106 patients (9.7%). Higher rates of adverse events were described in nonablative therapies (12.2% ± 2.19%, 31 events) when compared with ablative therapy (8.28% ± 2.46%, 81 events). 147 patients (13.4%) reported no side effects, 68 (6.22%) reported expected, transient self‐resolving events, and five (0.046%) presented with hypertrophic scarring. Excluding transient events, ablative lasers had fewer complications overall when compared with nonablative lasers (2.56% ± 2.19% vs 7.48% ± 3.29%). This systematic review suggests ablative laser use for skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality to treat a range of pathologies from photodamage and acne scars to hidradenitis suppurativa and posttraumatic scarring from basal cell carcinoma excision. Further studies are needed, but these results suggest that ablative lasers are a superior, safe, and effective modality to treat damaged skin.     

New fillers for the new man

ABSTRACT:  Two new collagen-based lidocaine-containing dermal fillers, ArteSense™/ArteFill™ (Artes Medical, San Diego, CA) and Evolence® (Colbar LifeScience Ltd., Herzliya, Israel), have proved to be of particular interest to men, many of whom seek a long-lasting or permanent correction. ArteFill™ has been available in the United States since 2006, and it is expected that Evolence® will reach the American market in 2008. The properties of the two products will be described, and experience based on the administration of many hundreds of syringes of both products by a Canadian dermatologist will be detailed here, with tips and precautions to optimize patient outcomes.     

Genetic alterations in RAS‐regulated pathway in acral lentiginous melanoma

Studies integrating clinicopathological and genetic features have revealed distinct patterns of genomic aberrations in Melanoma. Distributions of BRAF or NRAS mutations and gains of several oncogenes differ among melanoma subgroups, while 9p21 deletions are found in all melanoma subtypes. In the study, status of genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis was evaluated in a panel of 17 frozen primary acral melanomas. NRAS mutations were found in 17% of the tumors. In contrast, BRAF mutations were not found. Gains of AURKA gene (20q13.3) were detected in 37.5% of samples, gains of CCND1 gene (11q13) or TERT gene (5p15.33) in 31.2% and gains of NRAS gene (1p13.2) in 25%. Alterations in 9p21 were identified in 69% of tumors. Gains of 11q13 and 20q13 were mutually exclusive, and 1p13.2 gain was associated with 5p15.33. Our findings showed that alterations in RAS‐related pathways are present in 87.5% of acral lentiginous melanomas.     

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants

12 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by decorative plants were diagnosed in a 14-year period. The patients were middle-aged, and their average exposure time was 13 years. The plant families and plants causing occupational contact dermatitis were Compositae (5 patients: chrysanthemum, elecampane, gerbera, feverfew), Alstroemeriaceae (5 patients, Alstroemeria ), Liliaceae (4 patients; tulip, hyacinth). Amaryllidaceae (2 patients: narcissus) and Caryophyllaceae (2 patients; carnation, cauzeflower). The known chemical allergens causing dermatitis were tuliposide-A and sesquiterepene lactones, such as alantolactones and parthenolide, in the Liliaceae and Compositae families. 7 of the 12 patients were able to continue their work; 5 were not because of severe relapses of skin symptoms. The plant allergen and extract series currently available are of great help in the diagnosis.     

Deutliche Einschränkung der Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Pemphigus vulgaris: Ergebnisse der deutschen Bullous Skin Disease (BSD)‐Studiengruppe

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris is a potentially life‐threatening autoimmune disorder of the skin and mucous membranes characterized by antibodies against epidermal adhesion molecules. Clinically characteristic are painful chronic blisters or erosions of mucous membranes and skin. There are no published studies on the impact o this disease on quality of life. Patients and methods: This registration was performed within the scope of the German BSD (Bullous Skin Disease) study group, from November 1997 until January 2002. A total of 36 patients with the first diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris were registered at the university hospitals of Dresden, Erlangen, Kiel, Mannheim, München and Würzburg. Thirty of the 36 (83 %) patients participated in the quality of life questionnaire utilizing the German version of ‘Dermatology Life Quality Index’ (DLQI) provided by A. Y. Finlay. The DLQI varies from 0 to 30 with an increased DLQI score indicating a decrease in quality of quality. Results: The overall DLQI total score of 10 ± 6,7 in the investigated pemphigus patients was significantly increased in comparison to other skin diseases. Conclusions: These results suggest that the DLQI can be a very useful additional outcome criteria for clinical studies with pemphigus vulgaris and in the treatment of these patients.