Implication of Cigarette Smoking and Cessation on Sexual Function in Men and Women

Sexual dysfunction is a major public health problem that negatively affects the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide. There is strong evidence suggesting that tobacco use and sexual dysfunction are linked. In fact, cigarette smoking is independently associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). This relationship has been observed among both current and former smokers and among both passive and active smokers, and many studies suggest a dose-response relationship. Further, prospective studies indicate that cigarette use increases the risk of incident ED, whereas smoking cessation appears to improve erectile function. The link between tobacco use (and disuse) and sexual function in women is relatively understudied, and results remain inconclusive. Future research would benefit from utilizing more prospective designs and assessing the effects of smoking (and particularly passive smoking) on a wider range of sexual function outcomes (physiological, sexual dysfunctions other than male and female arousal disorders), especially among women.     

Giant basal cell carcinoma and cigarette smoking

Several recent studies have linked cigarette smoking to an increased risk of squamous cell skin cancer, but previous studies have found no correlation between smoking and basal cell carcinoma. This article is a retrospective chart review of 200 patients who had Mohs' surgery for basal cell carcinoma at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, between 1986 and 1990. In patients with tumors less than or equal to 1.0 cm, 30% were smokers. In patients with tumors 1.1 to 2.0 cm, 42% were smokers. In patients with tumors 2.1 to 4.9 cm, 56% were smokers; and in patients with tumors greater than or equal to 5.0 cm, 50% were smokers. Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased prevalence of basal cell carcinomas larger than 1.0 cm in diameter.     

Hypervascularization syndrome of the penis following arterialization of the dorsal penile vein for erectile impotence

A hypervascularization syndrome following arterialization of the deep dorsal vein of the penis to amend venous erectile impotence is a rare cause of penile ulcers that has not previously been described in the dermatological literature. Arterialization is performed by installing a shunt from the inferior epigastric artery or a venous bypass from the femoral artery to the deep dorsal vein of the penis, resulting in a blockage of venous outflow and in retrograde inflow into the corpora cavernosa. Complications arise as a result of persistently elevated blood pressure in the deep venous system and the erectile tissue in 10-20% of cases and are most often linked to dilatation of the shunt: the consequences are enlargement and induration of the glans, hazard of phimosis and paraphimosis, pulsation of the penis, micturation difficulties and, ultimately, ulceration of the glans. Surgical reduction of the arterial inflow ("banding" of the shunt) is the only therapeutic procedure that reduces hypervascularization without compromising the newly gained erectile function.     

Brachytherapy-associated erectile dysfunction

After permanent prostate brachytherapy, erectile dysfunction is more common than initially reported. Using validated patient-administered instruments, approximately half of patients develop erectile dysfunction within 5 years of implantation. Preimplant erectile function and dose to the proximal penis appear to be the strongest predictors of brachytherapy-related impotence. Fortunately, the majority of patients respond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Further elucidation of mechanisms of brachytherapyrelated erectile dysfunction may help to refine treatment techniques and improve potency preservation.     

Brachytherapy-associated erectile dysfunction

After permanent prostate brachytherapy, erectile dysfunction is more common than initially reported. Using validated patient-administered instruments, approximately half of patients develop erectile dysfunction within 5 years of implantation. Preimplant erectile function and dose to the proximal penis appear to be the strongest predictors of brachytherapy-related impotence. Fortunately, the majority of patients respond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Further elucidation of mechanisms of brachytherapyrelated erectile dysfunction may help to refine treatment techniques and improve potency preservation.     

Association between discoid lupus erythematosus and cigarette smoking

BACKGROUND: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a chronic cutaneous disease affecting photoexposed areas and has also been associated with cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between smoking and DLE. METHODS: A case-control study was performed involving 57 cases diagnosed with DLE and 215 healthy controls. RESULTS: A higher smoking prevalence was noted in DLE cases (84.2%) than controls (33.5%), and the odds ratio adjusted for gender, age and ultraviolet index in the city of origin was 14.4 (95% confidence interval 6.2-33.8; multiple logistic regression, p < 0.01). The cumulative smoking exposure was not related to premature DLE development. At the beginning of the disease, smokers had more extensive involvement than nonsmokers; compromise of the upper arms was statistically related to smoking. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking was statistically associated with DLE development. Other studies are needed in order to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation on the course of disease.     

Cigarette smoking associated with premature facial wrinkling: image analysis of facial skin replicas

BACKGROUND: Despite the obvious relation between smoking and facial wrinkling, grossly undetectable wrinkling and the consequences of smoking on the face have been poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factor of cigarette smoking on the development of premature facial wrinkling. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-three nonsmokers, 160 current smokers, and 67 past smokers, aged 20-69 years, were studied. Cigarette smoking status, weight changes, average sun exposure time (recreational and occupational) in 1 month, and past medical and facial cosmetic surgery were quantified by self-questionnaire. Computerized image analysis of silicone skin replicas was used in addition to clinical visual measurement, and a severity score based on predetermined criteria was assigned to each patient. RESULTS: Current smokers have a higher degree of facial wrinkling than nonsmokers and past smokers. Past smokers who smoked heavily at a younger age show less facial wrinkling than current smokers. In the analysis, which was adjusted for age group, the relative risk of moderate to severe wrinkling for current smokers compared with nonsmokers was 2.72 (confidence interval, CI: 1.32-3.21, P < 0.05). In current smokers, the relative risks associated with more than 19 pack-years and 11-19 pack-years of smoking compared with nonsmokers were 2.93 (CI: 1.14-4.1, P < 0.05) and 1.75 (CI: 1.54-3.67, P < 0.05), respectively. On image analysis of facial skin replicas, the mean values of Ra (arithmetic average roughness), Rz (average roughness), and Rt (distance between the highest and lowest values) of current smokers were higher than those of nonsmokers and past smokers in all age groups. This indicates a strong correlation between cigarette smoking and skin wrinkling. In addition, microscopic superficial wrinkling (Ra and Rt) was noted in current smokers in the younger age group (20-39 years). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that attention should be paid to smoking-associated facial wrinkling (not evident from a visual assessment) in young people and added to the list of disorders seemingly caused by smoking.     

高血压与男性生殖损伤男性生殖功能的研究进展

高血压是我国常见的慢性病,随着高血压患病人群年轻化以及生育年龄的延后,高血压对男性生殖相关疾病的影响逐渐被重视。本文就高血压与抗高血压药物对男性勃起功能障碍(Erectile dysfunction,ED)和男性生育力标志物的影响进行综述。     

Fertility of smokers and nonsmokers

The contradictory findings concerning the influence of smoking on spermatogenesis that have so far been presented in literature were derived from fertility patients in retrospective studies; our data, in contrast, are based on a blind study of 333 voluntary test persons. The data of 95 smokers and 83 non-smokers remained to be evaluated after application of the following exclusive criteria: comparatively high consumption of alcohol, taking of drugs, taking of medicine, radioactive exposure, and genital diseases. Significant differences between the two groups were only found with regard to behavior; smokers revealed a higher rate of divorces, they drank alcohol and took drugs more frequently, and had had the first sexual intercourse at an earlier age than non-smokers. On the other hand, all spermatological parameters as well as the outcome of cytophotometric examination of the spermatozoon DNA showed a close correlation between smokers and non-smokers. Although an individual (toxic?) reaction to tobacco smoking cannot be ruled out, our findings lead to the conclusion that cigarette smoking has no detrimental influence on the spermatogenesis of healthy men between the age of 20 and 40.     

性病后勃起功能障碍与血清性激素水平关系的研究

目的：探讨男性性活跃期人群性病治愈后勃起功能障碍(ED)与血清性激素水平的关系。方法：对60例受试者采用国际勃起功能指数(IIEF)问卷调查和血清性激素水平检测。结果：造成性病后ED的主要原因为性病恐惧，血清性激素水平改变仅占31．7％。结论：性病后ED与血清性激素水平无明显相关性。