后头部癫癎发作症状学与头皮脑电图学分析

目的：研究后头部癫癎（PCE）患者发作症状学及头皮脑电图学（EEG）特点,结合神经影像学探讨PCE诊断要点。方法：回顾性分析在清华大学玉泉医院神经外科5病区（癫癎研究中心）就诊的22例PCE患者的81次发作,分析发作症状学、发作间期与发作期头皮EEG及神经影像学特点,总结诊断要点。结果：22例患者中10例存在影像学异常,后头部发作容易传播而表现为额叶的症状（姿势性不对称强直阵挛等）或颞叶内侧症状（口咽部或肢体自动症）而导致错误的诊断,先兆常常提示发作起源部位,头皮EEG发作间期及发作期往往不能提供明确或正确的信息。结论：PCE发作容易传播而表现为额叶或颞叶内侧症状而导致错误的诊断,先兆常常有助于正确诊断。     

额叶癫癎发作的临床特征及脑电图分析

目的：探讨额叶癫癎发作的临床特征、脑电图（EEG）特点及临床意义.方法：回顾性分析30例经手术证实发作起源于额叶的药物难治性额叶癫癎患者87次临床发作症状、发作期及发作间期的头皮EEG特点.结果：额叶癫癎发作形式复杂多样,常见的发作形式有姿势性强直发作、过度运动性自动症、扭转性强直、阵挛性发作、发声、失神等,有时出现发作性情绪改变或自主神经症状等少见症状.额叶癫癎常见以下发作特点：发作频繁,常成簇出现,发作起止突然,持续时间短暂,发作后意识恢复快,以睡眠中发作为主.额叶癫癎发作间期EEG阳性率较低,额区棘波、尖波出现率相对较低,且波形不典型,发作期额叶限局性或弥漫性的改变与背景活动的差别不明显.结论：额叶癫癎临床和EEG不典型是导致额叶癫癎发作临床诊断困难的主要原因,认识额叶癫癎发作的临床特点,延长EEG记录时间,认真分析发作症候学、发作期同步EEG有助于明确诊断.     

获得性癫癎失语综合征5例报告

目的：研究获得性癫癎失语综合征（Landau-Kleffner syndrome,LKS）的临床、脑电图（EEG）特征、治疗反应和远期预后。方法：对5例LKS患儿的临床表现、EEG特点和临床疗效进行观察,并结合文献进行探讨。结果：起病年龄为4～12岁。5例患儿均有不同类型的癫癎发作,伴有进行性失语,其中1例智力明显低下。5例均有EEG异常,其中3例有颞区局限性棘慢波发放。癫癎发作均可用抗癫癎药物控制。经皮质激素治疗,失语有改善。随访癫癎发作控制均良好,但语言恢复较正常差,EEG癎样放电好转。结论：LKS是一种以获得性失语和癫癎发作两大症状为主要临床表现的儿童时期癫癎性脑病。失语表现为听觉失认,多伴有其他精神行为异常。EEG常见颞区的局限性癎样放电,睡眠期常泛化至全导联,并可呈持续发放。抗癫癎药物可控制癫癎发作,但对失语疗效不佳。早期应用足量皮质激素治疗可明显改善失语情况。EEG及癫癎发作转归良好,但常遗留语言障碍。     

发作性头痛者动态脑电图监测的价值

目的：探讨发作性头痛者２４ ｈ 动态脑电图（ＡＥＥＧ） 监测的价值。方法：对１２０ 例发作性头痛患者进行２４ ｈ ＡＥＥＧ 监测,分析发作期和间期脑电活动特点,并与常规ＥＥＧ 作自身对照。结果：ＡＥＥＧ 非特异性异常５４ 例（４５ ％ ） ,捕捉到癎样放电１１ 例（９－２ ％ ） ,ＥＥＧ 非特异性异常３１ 例（２５－８ ％ ） ,捕捉到癎样放电仅４ 例（３－３ ％ ） ,ＡＥＥＧ 异常率（５４－２ ％ ） 明显高于ＥＥＧ（２９－２ ％ ） 。ＡＥＥＧ 癎样放电多见于觉醒期和发作期。结论：发作性头痛患者确有一小部分属于头痛型癫癎,２４ ｈ 脑电监测对其鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

额叶癫(癎)的临床与脑电图表现24例报告

目的：探讨额叶癫癎的临床与脑电图（EEG）特征。方法：对临床确诊为额叶癫癎24例的临床表现结合发作期、发作间期的EEG进行分析。结果：最常见的因素有明确病因者18例，包括头部外伤、颅内感染、脑血管病、脑肿瘤等。24例额叶癫癎患者EEG23例（96％）共监测到45次发作，以睡眠中发作为多见，其特点是发作频繁，持续时间短。临床表现以局灶性运动发作和不对称强直发作为主。EEG表现为以额区为主的癎样放电，睡眠中阳性率高。发作问歇期12例见癎样放电，9例为阵发慢波，3例未见异常波。结论：额叶癫癎是一组临床表现复杂多样，具有特征性的癫癎综合征，正确认识临床特征和EEG特点是明确诊断的关键。     

利物浦癎性发作严重程度量表评价左乙拉西坦添加治疗成人癫癎疗效的临床对照研究

目的：研究左乙拉西坦添加治疗不同类型成人癫癎的临床疗效。方法：采用前瞻性、非随机抽样方法入选癫癎患者106例，其中观察组51例添加左乙拉西坦治疗，对照组55例服用其他抗癫癎药物治疗。16周后随访患者并应用利物浦癎性发作严重程度量表（LSSS ）2．0版进行评分，用SPSS 19．0软件对观察组与对照组评分情况进行统计分析。结果：观察组LSSS 2．0校正后评分为（23．9±7．5）分，对照组校正后评分（37．9±10．2）分，二者评分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：左乙拉西坦添加治疗能显著减轻成人癫癎发作严重程度。     

额叶癫癎的临床与脑电图特点分析

目的：分析额叶癫癎的临床特点、脑电图（EEG）特点及临床意义。方法：对40例额叶癫癎患者的临床和EEG资料进行回顾性分析。结果：40例中临床发作为姿势性强直20例,过度运动伴自动症3例,失神发作3例,局部阵挛运动14例;于睡眠中发作19例。EEG表现为清醒期5例慢波异常,睡眠中异常27例,其中20例见癎样放电。结论：颞叶癫癎临床发作形式多种多样,以运动性发作为主;EEG睡眠期描记异常率大为提高。临床与EEG结合对癫癎诊断非常重要。     

枕叶癫(癎)的临床及脑电图分析

目的:分析总结枕叶癫患者的临床和脑电图特征,以提高临床诊断水平。方法:对33例枕叶癫患者的临床资料和脑电图特点进行回顾性分析。结果:枕叶癫的发作形式有视觉症状、运动症状、复杂部分性发作伴自动症等。脑电图特点:一侧或双侧枕叶或枕叶及周围脑叶出现性放电。结论:枕叶癫的临床特点包括:视觉异常发作,癫发作形式多样,枕区异常脑电等。依据临床表现和脑电图特点,可做出正确诊断。     

视频脑电图对颞叶内侧癫癎致癎灶定侧价值探讨

目的：探讨视频脑电图（V—EEG）对颞叶内侧癫癎（MTLE）致痼灶定侧的价值。方法：回顾性分析34例MTLE患者的发作间期及发作期V—EEG提供的致癎灶的侧别信息,并与术中深部电极检测到颞叶内侧部位的痫样放电的侧别进行比较。结果：发作间期、发作期V-EEG能定侧的分别是23例（68％）,29例（85％）。与术中深部电极检查定侧符合的分别是20例（87％）,26例（90％）,两者的定侧符合率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：MTLE患者发作间期痫样放电呈单侧分布或分布有绝对的侧别优势时,定侧意义较大,与发作期EEG对致癎灶定侧意义相当。     

发作间期脑电图正常的癫(癎)143例分析

癫(癎)是儿科常见的疾病,临床表现复杂多样,易与一些非癫(癎)性的发作性症状相混淆.EEG描记到(癎)性波对癫(癎)的诊断最有价值,但有部分癫(癎)病人发作不频繁,EEG描记不易捕捉到发作期,而发作间期又无异常放电,给临床诊断带来困难.我们于2002年3月至2007年1月共诊断143例发作间期EEG正常的癫(癎)病例并进行了视频脑电图(V-EEG)监测,现报告如下.     

Studies on the structure and function of the apolipoprotein(a) gene

Lp(a) is an LDL-like lipoprotein that is a major inherited risk factor for atherosclerosis. It is distinguished from Lp(a) by the addition of apolipoprotein(a). The gene structure of apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen, and competition with plasminogen activity may account for some of the pathophysiology associated with Lp(a). Six highly related genes have now been identified, and at least four are found in close proximity in overlapping genomic clones. Studies have begun on the regulation of apolipoprotein (a) gene expression, and the human apolipoprotein(a) gene has been inserted into transgenic mice, where it leads to the development of arterial lesions.     

Vacuum Ultraviolet Photolysis of Hydrocarbon Polymers

Summary: The wavelength‐dependent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis of several polymers, low density polyethylene (LDPE), biaxially oriented poly(propylene) (BOPP), atactic polystyrene (PS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), was studied by irradiation in vacuum with the well‐characterized emissions from four different resonant or excimer VUV sources. These lamps comprise radiofrequency (r.f.) discharges in different noble gases, such as krypton, xenon (at low pressures, producing near‐monochromatic resonant line radiations), xenon excimer (at “high” pressure), and a deuterium/argon mixture (producing a broad‐band emission). VUV‐induced mass loss (ablation or etching) was monitored in situ by quartz crystal microbalance measurements. Following irradiation, samples were analysed by ATR‐FTIR and XPS, to evaluate near‐surface structural changes (e.g., creation of unsaturation, cross‐linking) resulting from the VUV‐initiated bond scissions and radical‐creation reactions. PMMA was the most readily ablatable polymer, whereas the mass loss of BOPP was higher than that of LDPE, regardless of the irradiation wavelength, λ. All polymers were found to form double bonds, with the exception of PS, which is rather stable, probably due to energy dissipation by fluorescence.

Formation of double bonds in a) vinyl‐, b) vinylidene‐, and c) vinylene‐like unsaturated groups, as a function of the radiation dose, D, for KrL (?), XeL (?), and D₂Ar‐irradiated (?) PMMA.     

Distribution of six neuropeptides in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis

Distribution of substance P-, [Leu]enkephalin-, cholecystokinin-8-, neurotensin-, avian pancreatic polypeptide- and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like immunoreactive structures were investigated in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. The density of the immunoreactive structures varied markedly according to neuropeptides or subnuclei, with the medial and commissural nuclei containing the highest density. This suggests that the peptides examined play a role in cardiovascular function. However, as seen in the substance P- and [Leu]enkephalin-like immunoreactive structures, these peptides were widely distributed in the nucleus tractus solitarii in addition to the commissural and medial nuclei; a high density of immunoreactive fibers in the ventral, dorsolateral and intermediate subnuclei. In addition to the immunoreactive fiber plexus, a group of immunoreactive cells was also identified in the subnuclei mentioned above. These findings strongly suggest that substance P- and [Leu]enkephalin-like immunoreactive structures are involved not only in cardiovascular function but also in other functions such as respiration, at least in the rat. Finally, the present study demonstrated that the area postrema, particularly its lateral portion, contains various neuropeptide-like structures, both neurons and fibers, substance P-, [Leu]enkephalin-, cholecystokinin-8- and neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons and fibers, and avian pancreatic polypeptide- and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like immunoreactive fibers.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患者血浆ET、SS测定的临床意义

目的:探讨了新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患者血浆内皮素(ET)和生长抑素(SS)水平的变化及临床意义.方法:应用放射免疫分析对63例新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患者进行了血浆ET和SS检测,并与35名正常健康新生儿作比较.结果:病儿组血浆ET水平显著高于正常儿组,而SS水平则显著低于正常儿组(P＜0.01).结论:新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的发生发展与ET和SS水平的变化密切相关.     

脑血栓形成患者LPA、MDA、SOD检测的临床分析

目的:探讨溶血磷脂酸(LPA)和氧自由基在脑血栓形成的病理过程中的作用.方法:通过检测90例脑血栓形成患者(CT组)血清中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、LPA的浓度情况,并与短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)组(45例)、对照组(45例)比较.结果:血清中SOD的浓度,CT组(治疗前)低于TIA组和对照组(P<0...     

The regulation of non-coding RNA expression in the liver of mice fed DDC

Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are found in the liver of patients with alcoholic and chronic nonalcoholic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6,-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) is used as a model to induce the formation of MDBs in mouse liver. Previous studies in this laboratory showed that DDC induced epigenetic modifications in DNA and histones. The combination of these modifications changes the phenotype of the MDB forming hepatocytes, as indicated by the marker FAT10. These epigenetic modifications are partially prevented by adding to the diet S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) or betaine, both methyl donors. The expression of three imprinted ncRNA genes was found to change in MDB forming hepatocytes, which is the subject of this report. NcRNA expression was quantitated by real-time PCR and RNA FISH in liver sections. Microarray analysis showed that the expression of three ncRNAs was regulated by DDC: up regulation of H19, antisense Igf2r (AIR), and down regulation of GTL2 (also called MEG3). S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) feeding prevented these changes. Betaine, another methyl group donor, prevented only H19 and AIR up regulation induced by DDC, on microarrays. The results of the SAMe and betaine groups were confirmed by real-time PCR, except for AIR expression. After 1 month of drug withdrawal, the expression of the three ncRNAs tended toward control levels of expression. Liver tumors that developed also showed up regulation of H19 and AIR. The RNA FISH approach showed that the MDB forming cells' phenotype changed the level of expression of AIR, H19 and GTL2, compared to the surrounding cells. Furthermore, over expression of H19 and AIR was demonstrated in tumors formed in mice withdrawn for 9 months. The dysregulation of ncRNA in MDB forming liver cells has been observed for the first time in drug-primed mice associated with liver preneoplastic foci and tumors.     

聚羟基烷酸酯、聚丁二酸丁二酯及其共混材料的细胞相容性评价比较

取家兔的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)分别种植到聚羟基烷酸酯(PHBV)、聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)、及其二者共混材料(PHBV/PBS)上,每组材料又分为有孔和实心两种构型。用MTT实验、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)实验、甲苯胺蓝染色和电镜等方法,观察MSCs在材料上的生长情况。比较三种材料六种构型分别对MSCs黏附和增殖的影响。结果以共混物实心材料的毒性最低,细胞增殖率最高。甲苯胺蓝染色结果显示兔MSCs在共混实心材料上的生长最佳,扫描电镜结果显示兔MSCs与共混实心材料黏附良好。共混物实心材料很有希望成为制备组织工程血管新型的支架材料。     

血清C肽浓度测定的临床意义探讨

目的： 研究血清C肽浓度及胰岛素与C肽比值的临床意义。方法：用放射免疫分析测定2型糖尿病和肾功能不全患者血清C肽、胰岛素浓度，并计算胰岛素与C肽比值。结果：肾功能不全组病人血清C肽、胰岛素水平显著高于糖尿病各组，且胰岛素与C肽比值显著低于糖尿病各组（P〈0．01）；在糖尿病各年龄组中，胰岛素水平无明显变化（P〉0．05）；但血清C肽水平随年龄增大而升高，而胰岛素与C肽比值则显著下降（P〈0．01）。结论：测定血清C肽水平及胰岛素与C肽比值有助于了解糖尿病患者的肾功能状况，值得进一步深入探讨。     

妊高征患者血浆ET-1和血清INH、D-D检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)和血清抑制素(INH)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平在妊高征患者发病中的变化和临床意义.方法:采用放射免疫分析、酶联法和生化法对32例妊高征患者进行了血浆ET-1和血清INH、D-D检测,并与35名正常孕妇作比较.结果:妊高征患者血浆ET-1和血清INH、D-D水平均非常显著地高于正常...     

颜色辨识状态下ERP时频特征与认知能力的相关性研究

研究不同程度认知能力人群的事件相关电位(ERP)的特征,从中提取出能有效识别血管性痴呆(VD)的电生理指标.选择正常青年组、VD组以及与VD同一年龄段的正常老年组作为被试人群,采用视觉通道诱发的oddball实验模式,对ERP信号运用平滑伪魏格纳分布(SPWVD)进行时频分析.通过不同被试人群的群延迟(GD)和瞬时频率(IF)的对比发现,大脑额、中央和顶区ERP信号的群延迟可反映3组不同被试之间认知能力的差异,为VD患者的早期诊断识别提供一个新的途径.