基于MATLAB的锥形束CT图像去噪研究

目的:锥形束CT既是一种全新的CT成像技术,也是图像引导下放射治疗系统的关键设备。针对锥形束CT图像的低对比度,散射伪影较大的缺陷,在MATLAB平台上对CBCT去噪方法进行研究和探讨,以寻找合适的锥形束CT去噪方法。方法:首先应用不同去噪方法,如邻域平滑,中值滤波,小波去噪方法等;再应用Contourlet变换进行锥形束CT去噪,设计不同的拉普拉斯塔式滤波器和二维方向滤波器组,寻找最优的滤波器组合;Contourlet变换是一种新的图像二维表示方法,具有多分辨率,局部定位,多方向性和近邻界采样和各向异性等性质。利用Contourlet变换在处理图像几何结构方面的优点,提取图像中边缘连续特征,来区别噪声和边缘,从而增强图像边缘和细节信息,同时抑制噪声。比较常规去噪,小波去噪,Contourlet去噪和不同滤波器组合去噪效果。结果:结合头部,胸部,盆腔各10组临床图像进行去噪效果统计和分析,表明小波阈值量化法和Contourlet法在锥形束CT图像去噪上各有优势,在Contourlet法中,滤波器组合"pkva8"和"9-7"的去噪效果最好。结论:Contourlet去噪方法和小波阈值量化法都比空间邻域平滑法,中值滤波法和普通小波去噪法有优势。而Contourlet去噪方法更能有效改进CBCT图像质量,特别是胸部图像质量的改善。     

基于RCSCT变换的DR图像去噪及加速

目的 数字化X线摄影（digital radiography,DR）图像中的高斯噪声对图像质量影响大,消除此类噪声有利于提高图像质量以辅助医生做出正确的诊断.方法 为抑制DR图像的高斯噪声,首先采用递归循环平移与Contourlet变换结合的（recursive cycle spinning Contourlet transform,RCSCT）方法变换分解DR图像,接着采用连续的二元软阈值函数处理变换系数防止系数被过度扼杀,然后基于CUDA（compute unified device architecture,计算统一设备架构）平台对去噪方法加速.结果 该方法提高了去噪后的图像峰值信噪比,有效抑制了伪吉布斯现象,保留了更多的图像细节信息,并且加速处理后运算耗时较短.结论 本文方法比小波变换和Contourlet变换在保留视觉细节信息方面效果更优,算法耗时少,实用性好.     

DR image de-noising and acceleration based on recursive cycle pinning contourlet transformation

目的 数字化X线摄影(digital radiography,DR)图像中的高斯噪声对图像质量影响大,消除此类噪声有利于提高图像质量以辅助医生做出正确的诊断.方法 为抑制DR图像的高斯噪声,首先采用递归循环平移与Contourlet变换结合的(recursive cycle spinning Contourlet transform,RCSCT)方法变换分解DR图像,接着采用连续的二元软阈值函数处理变换系数防止系数被过度扼杀,然后基于CUDA(compute unified device architecture,计算统一设备架构)平台对去噪方法加速.结果 该方法提高了去噪后的图像峰值信噪比,有效抑制了伪吉布斯现象,保留了更多的图像细节信息,并且加速处理后运算耗时较短.结论 本文方法比小波变换和Contourlet变换在保留视觉细节信息方面效果更优,算法耗时少,实用性好.     

基于小波的医学超声图像斑点噪声抑制方法

斑点噪声是超声图像中固有的噪声。本文提出了一种新的去除斑点噪声的方法，这种方法结合中值滤波和多尺度非线性小波软阈值的优点，首先把原网像进行对数转换，然后把对数转换后的图像进行中值滤波处理，从而把转换后的图像分成两部分，对每一部分进行小波分析，假设小波系数服从广义高斯分布（GGD），利用小波系数的统计特性估计出各个部分各个尺度的阈值，最后用软阈值方法对上述两部分分别去噪。实验结果表明，本文提出的方法在有效去除斑点噪声方面，优于中值滤波，维纳滤波和多尺度非线性阈值算法（MSSNT-A）。     

基于Contourlet变换的CT和锥形束CT图像配准算法

目的提出一种基于Contourlet变换,用于放射治疗定位的CT与锥形束CT（cone beam CT,CBCT）图像配准的方法。方法利用Contourlet变换多尺度多方向的分辨特性,将待配准图像进行Contourlet变换分解,分解后的高频方向子带合成梯度图像,采用归一化互信息作为相似性测度,把梯度图像与低频方向子带以加权函数结合,进行临床医学图像的刚性配准,有效弥补了互信息配准中缺少空间信息的不足。结果通过已知空间变换参数图像的配准结果验证了算法的准确性。配准后lO幅图像变换参数的误差极小,且均方根误差接近于0。结论该图像配准算法精确度高,并具有很好的鲁棒性,有助于提高图像引导放射治疗（image guid edradiation therapy,IGRT）中解剖组织结构和靶区的定位精度。     

Image registration algorithm in CT and cone beam CT based on Contourlet transform

目的提出一种基于Contourlet变换,用于放射治疗定位的CT与锥形束CT(cone beam CT,CBCT)图像配准的方法.方法 利用Contourlet变换多尺度多方向的分辨特性,将待配准图像进行Contourlet变换分解,分解后的高频方向子带合成梯度图像,采用归一化互信息作为相似性测度,把梯度图像与低频方向子带以加权函数结合,进行临床医学图像的刚性配准,有效弥补了互信息配准中缺少空间信息的不足.结果 通过已知空间变换参数图像的配准结果验证了算法的准确性.配准后10幅图像变换参数的误差极小,且均方根误差接近于0.结论 该图像配准算法精确度高,并具有很好的鲁棒性,有助于提高图像引导放射治疗(image guided radiation therapy,IGRT)中解剖组织结构和靶区的定位精度.     

基于Bayesian估计的小波自适应阈值方法对图像进行去噪处理的研究

利用Bayesian估计的小波自适应阈值方法对图像进行去噪处理。通过高斯滤波和小波变换的三种方法(传统的硬阈值、传统的软阈值去噪、基于Bayesian估计的自适应阈值去噪)分别同时对加不同标准差σ的Rician噪声信号进行消噪处理,对比验证高斯滤波和传统小波阈值去噪的优劣,以及新的Bayesian估计自适应阈值小波去噪在磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)图像信号去噪方面的优越性。小波去噪后的信号信噪比比高斯滤波去噪后信号的信噪比高,且均方根误差要低。采用基于Bayesian估计的自适应阈值小波去噪方法比采用的高斯滤波保留了更多有用信号,优化后的氧摄取分数(oxygen extraction fraction,OEF)值有一定程度增大,使结果更接近正电子发射型计算机断层显像(positron emission computed tomography,PET)测量金标准。成功完成信号和噪声分离优化,将一种新的基于Baysian估计的自适应小波阈值去噪应用到了功能核磁共振成像的降噪分析上,取得了不错的效果。     

基于非下采样Contourlet变换的眼底图像PCA增强方法

眼底图像是眼科疾病及其他疾病的有效诊断依据,对现代医学有着很重要的价值。但是由于眼睛结构的限制,眼底图像具有对比度差、背景亮度不均的特点,给医生诊断和视网膜血管提取带来诸多不便。因此本研究提出了基于非下采样Contourlet变换的主分量分析增强方法,并应用于眼底图像的增强处理。该方法首先对图像进行非下采样Contourlet变换,获得多尺度多方向的分解系数矩阵,然后利用主分量分析方法直接估计各尺度各方向的噪声能量,根据噪声能量估计值对变换系数矩阵进行处理,最后对修正后的系数矩阵进行非下采样Contourlet逆变换得到增强图像。实验表明该方法可以达到良好的去噪增强效果,和其他方法相比,眼底图像的质量得到改善,峰值信噪比得到了提高。     

基于小波软阈值滤波的医学图像去噪

目的:为了更好的去除DR医学图像噪声.方法:通过分析其噪声来源,在小波去噪的基础上进行改进.引入方差不变性变换来调整原始图像的噪声模型为高斯噪声模型.图像分解为不同频率的不同子带的小波系数,分别进行不同阈值的滤波.结果:与普通的全局小波去噪方法相比,该方法不但可以保留图像的边缘信息,而且能提高去噪后图像的峰值信噪比.结论:用此方法处理DR图像在噪声去除、细节质量及骨骼锐化等方面比传统的高斯滤波及小波全局阈值滤波等方法效果要好.     

基于贝叶斯粗糙集的肺部肿瘤CT图像抗噪算法设计

贝叶斯粗糙集处理噪声数据能力强,分类肺部肿瘤CT图像结果准确,为图像去噪提供精准的图像分类结果。基于此,设计基于贝叶斯粗糙集的肺部肿瘤CT图像抗噪算法,基于贝叶斯粗糙集分类模型进行肺部CT图像分类,约简贝叶斯粗糙集属性和决策规则,基于决策规则预测肺部CT图像类别;对存在肿瘤的CT图像噪声小波系数构建拉普拉斯数学模型,基于贝叶斯最大后验概率估计小波系数概率密度,计算噪声方差和子代小波系数标准差,使去噪算法具备自适应性;基于小波系数的概率密度得到最大后验(maximum a posteriori,MAP)估计值,对该值做小波反变换,实现肺部肿瘤CT图像自适应去噪。结果表明,该算法去除肺部肿瘤CT图像噪声效果好,抗噪能力强,较好保留图像细节特征,视觉效果佳。     

锥形束CT系统的散射校正方法分析

目的：在锥形束CT成像系统中，对投影数据进行适当的散射校正是一步重要的数据校正。方法：本文对目前关于锥形束CT图像散射的软件校正方法做了综述，其中包括了卷积法、反卷积法、蒙特卡罗模拟法以及基于散射校正板（beam stoparray，BSA）的散射校正法，并对各种方法进行了比较和讨论。结论：基于BSA的散射校正方法对三维锥形束CT系统进行散射校正是一种实用有效的校正方法。     

最优改进对数谱幅度估计与小波结合的心音降噪

小波阈值降噪为心音降噪的一种常用方法。本文提出了使用最优改进对数幅度谱估计与小波阈值降噪相结合的方法对心音降噪。在正常心音和一些常见疾病的心音中加入不同强度的白噪声和粉红噪声，构造不同信噪比的心音信号，并将本文所提出的方法和仅用小波阈值降噪方法的去噪效果进行了定量的对比。结果表明本文方法降噪效果总体优于仅使用小波阈值降噪达到的效果。     

Homomorphic wavelet thresholding technique for denoising medical ultrasound images

A novel homomorphic wavelet thresholding technique for reducing speckle noise in medical ultrasound images is presented. First, we show that the speckle wavelet coefficients in the logarithmically transformed ultrasound images are best described by the Nakagami family of distributions. By exploiting this speckle model and the Laplacian signal prior, a closed form, data-driven, and spatially adaptive threshold is derived in the Bayesian framework. The spatial adaptivity allows the additional information of the image (such as identification of homogeneous or heterogeneous regions) to be incorporated into the algorithm. Further, the threshold has been extended to the redundant wavelet representation, which yields better results than the decimated wavelet transform. Experimental results demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method over other well-known speckle reduction filters. The application of the proposed method to a realistic US test image shows that the new technique, named HomoGenThresh, outperforms the best wavelet-based denoising method reported in [1] by more than 1.6 dB, Lee filter by 3.6 dB, Kaun filter by 3.1 dB and band-adaptive soft thresholding [2] by 2.1 dB at an input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 13.6 dB.     

Electrocardiogram signals de-noising using lifting-based discrete wavelet transform

This paper introduces an effective technique for the denoising of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals corrupted by nonstationary noises. The technique is based on a second generation wavelet transform and level-dependent threshold estimator. Here, wavelet coefficients of ECG signals were obtained with lifting-based wavelet filters. A lifting scheme is used to construct second-generation wavelets and is an alternative and faster algorithm for a classical wavelet transform. The overall denoising performance of our proposed method is considered in relation to several measuring parameters, including types of wavelet filters (Haar, Daubechies 4 (DB4), Daubechies 6 (DB6), Filter(9-7), and Cubic B-splines), thresholding method, and decomposition depth. Three different kinds of noise were considered in this work: muscle artifact noise, electrode motion artifact noise, and white noise. Global performance is evaluated by means of the signal-to-noise ratio and visual inspection. Numerical results comparing the performance of the proposed method with that of nonlinear filtering techniques (median filter) are given. The results demonstrate consistently superior denoising performance of the proposed method over median filtering.     

A New Method for Human Microcirculation Image Enhancement

Microcirculation images often have uneven illumination and low contrast in the acquisition process, which affect the image reorganization and following process. This paper presents a new method for microcireulatory image illumination correction and contrast enhancement based on the Contourlet transform. Initially, the image illumination model is extracted by Contourlet transform and then uneven illumination is corrected. Next, in order to restrain noise and enhance image contrast, the probability function associated with noise coefficient and edge coefficient is established and applied to all Contourlet coefficients. Then, a nonlinear enhancement function is applied to modified Contourlet coefficient to adaptively enhance image contrast. Finally, the enhanced image is obtained by inverse Contourlet transform. We compare this approach with other contrast enhancement methods, result showing that our method has a better effect than other enhancement methods, which might be helpful for clinical diagnostics of microcirculation.     

基于小波分析的红外乳腺图像去噪与增强的实验研究

将小波的多分辨率分析技术运用到红外乳腺图像的降噪增强处理以改善图像质量.运用不同的阈值量化策略实现图像降噪.再引入增益因子,采用基于小波变换的增强算法突出肿块阴影.通过实验将直接增强和去噪后再增强的图像进行对比可以得到清晰度更高的图像.经处理后的乳腺图像,为临床提供了更细致明确的信息,有助于提高诊断水平.     

基于小波变换的脉搏信号分析仪的设计

脉搏信号中含有丰富的人体生理信息,对心血管疾病的预防和诊治有着重要的指导作用。本文采用COM组件技术将基于小波变换的脉搏信号去噪和特征提取MATLAB算法程序无缝集成到LabVIEW中,实现了虚拟脉搏信号分析仪的设计。实验结果证明该分析仪采用的自适应阈值小波消噪方法的消噪效果优于传统的软、硬阈值法,提取的脉搏信号各尺度能量值可以用来作为区分心血管疾病患者和正常人群的特征值,扩展的网络传输功能经实际应用具有非常实用的价值。     

基于小波奇异点检测和阈值去噪的眨眼伪迹去除方法

目的眨眼伪迹是脑电中一种常见且影响严重的伪迹。本论文提出一种基于小波奇异点检测和阈值去噪的眨眼伪迹去除方法,无需眼电参考信号,做到自动去除单导脑电信号中的眨眼伪迹。方法首先利用小波奇异点检测特性以检测眨眼伪迹的峰值位置,然后只对眨眼伪迹区域进行小波阈值去噪。结果实验结果表明,本方法能够有效检测眨眼伪迹,避免了普通方法去噪时对非眨眼区域的影响。结论本方法使用的阈值和阈值函数优于典型的阈值和软、硬阈值函数,有效地去除了脑电中的眨眼伪迹。     

Efficient Denoising Technique for CT images to Enhance Brain Hemorrhage Segmentation

This paper presents an adaptive denoising approach aiming to improve the visibility and detectability of hemorrhage from brain computed tomography (CT) images. The suggested approach fuses the images denoised by total variation (TV) method, denoised by curvelet-based method, and edge information extracted from the noise residue of TV method. The edge information is extracted from the noise residue of TV method by processing it through curvelet transform. The visual interpretation shows that the proposed approach not only reduces the staircase effect caused by total variation method but also reduces visual distortion induced by curvelet transform in the homogeneous areas of the CT images. The denoising abilities of the proposed method are further evaluated by segmenting the hemorrhagic brain area using region-growing method. The sensitivity, specificity, Jaccard index, and Dice coefficients were calculated for different noise levels. The comparative results show that the significant improvement has yielded in the brain hemorrhage detection from CT images after denoising it with the proposed approach.     

Selection of mother wavelet and denoising algorithm for analysis of foetal phonocardiographic signals

This paper is aimed at the selection of suitable mother wavelet and denoising algorithm for the analysis of foetal phonocardiographic (fPCG) signals. Fourier based analysing tools have some limitations concerning frequency and time resolutions. Although wavelet transform (WT) overcomes these limitations, it requires proper selection of a mother wavelet and denoising algorithm. In this study a suitable mother wavelet is selected on the basis of properties of different wavelet families and characteristics of the fPCG signals. The universal threshold, minimax threshold and rigorous SURE threshold algorithms along with soft or hard thresholding rule have been compared to denoise these signals. The mean squared error (MSE) is used to evaluate the performance of these algorithms. The results show that the fourth order Coiflets wavelet has a better performance for the analysis of fPCG signals when using the rigorous SURE threshold denoising algorithm with soft thresholding rule. The proposed approach is simple and proves to be effective when applied to the selection of suitable mother wavelet and denoising algorithm for the fPCG signals. These denoised signals can be used for the accurate determination of foetal heart rate (FHR) and further diagnostic applications of the foetus.