泌乳素促进类风湿关节炎患者外周血单个核细胞分泌白细胞介素-6

目的:探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清泌乳素(PRL)水平与疾病活动程度的关系,以及PRL促进外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)分泌白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的机制。方法:收集我院2015年3月至9月40例初治RA患者临床及实验室资料。采用化学发光免疫分析法(CLIA)检测血清PRL水平,ELISA检测IL-6水平,RT-q PCR检测泌乳素受体(PRLR)mRNA的表达,Western blot法检测MAPK通路相关蛋白p-p38的蛋白水平。结果:RA患者血清PRL水平明显升高(P0.01),活动期RA患者PRL水平明显高于非活动期RA患者(P0.01)。PRL水平与DAS28评分、ESR和CRP呈正相关(P0.01)。RA患者PBMCs中PRLR水平明显升高(P0.01)。PRL可诱导PBMCs分泌IL-6,siRNA沉默PRLR或采用MAPK通路抑制剂可抑制IL-6的产生。结论:RA患者血清PRL升高与DAS28评分、ESR和CRP呈正相关,PRL可作为预测RA严重程度的指标。PRL通过与PRLR相互作用,激活p38 MAPK通路,从而促进IL-6分泌。     

男性不育症患者血清IL-6、T、LH、FSH、PRL检测的临床意义

目的：探讨了男性不育症患者血清IL-6、T、LH、FSH和PRL水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用放射免疫分析对68例男性不育症患者进行了血清IL-6、T、LH、FSH和PRL检测,并与35名男性正常人作比较。结果：男性不育症患者血清T水平非常显著地低于男性正常人组（P〈0.01）,而IL-6、FSH、LH和PRL水平又非常显著地高于男性正常人组（P〈0.01）。血清IL-6水平与T水平呈负相关（r=-0.4186,P〈0.01,与FSH、LH和PRL水平呈正相关（r=0.6018、0.5912、0.6214,P〈0.01）。结论：检测男性不育症患者血清IL-6、T、LH、FSH和PRL水平的变化对诊断、预后判断及治疗均有较大的实用价值。     

生长激素和泌乳素在SLE患者血清中的表达及其与SLE病情程度的相关性研究

目的 研究生长激素(GH)和泌乳素(PRL)在SLE患者血清中的表达及其与SLE病情程度的相关性.方法 将105例SLE患者根据活动评分分为4个等级,分别为无活动患者,轻度活动患者,中度活动患者,重度活动患者.选取86例正常健康者作为对照组.每组抽取静脉血5mL,ELISA试剂盒检测血清中GH和PRL的水平.结果 SLE患者血清中GH和PRL的水平较正常对照组显著升高(P＜0.01),且不同病理分级中的水平也不同,其中重度组的水平最高,中度、轻度、无活动期患者血清中的水平依次降低,但均比正常对照组水平高(P＜0.01).结论 GH、PRL在SLE患者血清中的表达较正常对照组显著升高,且随着病情程度的加重,其水平逐渐增加,这为SLE患者的进一步研究提供了有力的理论依据.     

前列腺癌患者血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad测定的临床意义

目的:探讨前列腺癌患者血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad水平的变化及临床意义.方法:血清IGF-Ⅰ采用放射免疫分析;fPSA及PRL采用化学发光法;血清SE-cad采用酶联免疫分析法.结果:前列腺增生组患者血清IGF-Ⅰ水平较对照组升高显著(P＜0.05);血清PRL含量也较对照组显著升高(P＜0.05);SE-cad浓度其测定数值也存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).而前列腺癌患者组血清IGF-Ⅰ水平较对照组升高更为显著(P＜0.01);血清PRL含量也较对照组升高极其显著(P＜0.01);SE-cad浓度其测定数值升高同样非常显著(P＜0.01).灵敏度分析表明,fPSA+IGF-Ⅰ和fPSA+SE-cad两组灵敏度显著高于fPSA单项测定组;fPSA+PRL组灵敏度略低,但P＞0.05.特异性分析则fPSA+SE-cad组fPSA单项测定组显著增高(P＜0.05),fPSA+PRL降低明显,fPSA+IGF-Ⅰ组与单项组差异并不显著(P＞0.05).结论:血清IGF-Ⅰ、PRL及SE-cad水平的变化与前列腺癌的发生关系密切,与fPSA的联合测定可提高诊断的灵敏度及特异性,有助于前列腺癌的辅助诊断.     

巨泌乳素对高泌乳素血症患者泌乳素免疫分析的影响

探讨高泌乳素(HPRL)患者血清中巨泌乳素(M-PRL)及PRL检测的干扰以及应用PEG筛查M-PRL的可行性.采用E170和AxSYM分别检测患者血清经PEG沉淀前、后的PRL值,当回收率小于40%,则血清中主要为M-PRL.结果表明,患者血清经PEG处理前、后,两分析系统间的PRL值无显著性差别(P＞0.05);第1、2组患者的血清经PEG处理前、后PRL值无显著性差异(P＞0.05);第3、4组患者血清PRL值则有显著性差异(P＜0.05).标本经PEG处理后在4个组别中PRL回收率小于40%的比率也存在较大差异.HPRL标本中含有M-PRL,它明显地影响了PRL的检测.应用PEG去除M-PRL的干扰是可行的,它有助于HPRL血症的诊断.     

肺腺癌转移相关转录因子1在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的分析口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)肺腺癌转移相关转录因子1(MALAT1)的表达及其临床意义。方法收集口腔鳞癌组织标本81例和正常口腔黏膜组织20例,分别设为口腔鳞癌组和健康对照组。采用RT-PCR方法检测2组组织中lncRNA MALAT1表达情况,统计分析lncRNA MALAT1表达与病理资料特征的关系,Kaplan-Meier分析lncRNA MALAT1表达和生存预后间的关系。结果与健康对照组相比,lncRNA MALAT1在口腔鳞癌组中表达明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);口腔癌组织中lncRNA MALAT1的相对表达量在不同肿瘤分期、肿瘤分化程度和有无颈部淋巴结转移间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05);而在不同年龄、性别、肿瘤大小及肿瘤类型间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05); lncRNA MALAT1高表达组和低表达组患者的3年总体生存率(OS)分别为45. 9%(17/37)、65. 9%(29/44),Kaplan-Meier生存分析(log-rank检验)表明MALAT1高表达组患者3年OS显著低于MALAT1低表达组患者,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论口腔鳞癌组织中lncRNA MALAT1表达增高,其表达水平与口腔鳞癌患者的不良预后有关,在口腔鳞癌组织中检测其表达可能有助于肿瘤的诊断及作为药物治疗的靶点。     

继发性闭经患者血清性激素检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了继发性闭经患者血清性激素水平的变化和意义.方法:应用放射免疫分析对33例继发性闭经患者进行了血清E2、FSH、LH、PRL和P水平检测,并与30名正常健康女性作对照.结果:继发性闭经患者血清E2水平明显低于正常人组(P＜0.01),而血清FSH、LH、PRL和P水平则显著高于正常人组(P＜0.01).结论:检测继发性闭经患者血清性激素水平的变化对了解病情、指导临床实践均具有一定的临床价值.     

迟发性运动障碍患者血清尿酸、催乳素水平相关性的研究

目的通过对迟发性运动障碍(TD)患者血清尿酸(UA)、催乳素(PRL)水平相关性的分析,探讨尿酸对TD保护作用的可能机制。方法测定伴TD的精神分裂症患者(TD组30例)血清尿酸、催乳素水平,并与不伴TD的精神分裂症患者(非TD组30例)进行对照;以异常不自主运动量表(AIMS)对TD临床症状进行评定。结果 TD组UA[(273±36)μmmol/L]较非TD组[(297±50)μmmol/L]显著降低(t=2.129,P=0.037);PRL[(28±7)ng/ml]较非TD组[(24±7)ng/ml]显著增高(t=-2.195,P=0.032)。TD组PRL水平与AIMS总分正相关(r=0.366,P=0.044);与血清UA水平负相关(r=-0.403,P=0.027)。结论 TD患者血清尿酸水平偏低、并与PRL水平负相关,尿酸对DA神经元可能有一定的保护作用。     

PDCD5和Smac在口腔鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究凋亡相关新基因PDCD5与Smac蛋白在口腔正常黏膜、口腔鳞癌中表达的相关性及其意义。方法采用免疫组化方法检测68例口腔鳞癌组织和43例癌旁正常黏膜组织中PDCD5和Smac的表达,并分析两者的表达与临床病理的关系以及两者之间相互关系。结果正常口腔黏膜组PDCD5染色阳性率为80.2%(P0.05),口腔鳞癌组PDCD5阳性率为29%(P0.05),明显低于癌旁组织,并且表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关性有统计学意义(P0.05)。Smac在正常口腔黏膜组染色阳性率为41.2%(P0.05),明显高于口腔鳞癌组织11.7%(P0.05),且与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移的相关性均有统计学意义(P0.05)。PDCD5和Smac蛋白呈明显正相关(r=0.892,P0.05)。结论PDCD5和Smac蛋白在口腔鳞癌中表达下调,提示PDCD5与Smac蛋白的改变可能与口腔鳞癌的发生、发展相关,这两项指标可作为辅助口腔黏膜癌变的基因标志物。     

Graves病初发患者血清垂体泌乳素测定分析

目的 探讨Graves病(GD)初发患者与健康体检人群PRL水平的差异.方法 收集123例GD初发患者血清并测定其PRL水平.GD初发患者经临床表现结合甲状腺激素测定和甲状腺彩超结果确诊.收集与患者年龄和性别比例相匹配的93例健康体检人员血清并测定其PRL水平.采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据的统计学处理,各计量资料以x±s表示,两样本均数的比较采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,两样本率的比较采用卡方检验.结果 经卡方检验分析,GD初发女性患者中高PRL血症的比例明显高于GD初发男性患者和健康体检者.经t检验分析,不同性别和年龄段的GD初发患者与健康体检者血清PRL水平相比P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,GD初发患者体内血清PRL水平明显高于健康体检者.结论 不同性别和年龄段的GD初发患者体内血清PRL水平均明显高于健康体检者.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Functional role of fertility α2

Fertility α₂-microglobulin is one of the main proteins expressed between the late lutein phase of the menstrual cycle and the first gestation trimester. It is produced by endometrial secretory glandular epithelium and decidual membrane. It is believed to be involved in the preparation to gestation, conception, normal development of the fetoplacental system, and initiation of labor. The immunomodulating, effect of fertility α₂-microglobulin and its possible involvement in the regulation of fertilization by blocking the spermatozoon reaction with the ovocyte lucid membrane were demonstratedin vitro. The data of structural analysis (appurtenance to lipocalines and unique pattern of N-glycosylation) and analysis of the spatial and temporal parameters of the expression in connection with other events in the organism within the same system of coordinates propated us to investigate the probability of realization of other, so far unknown functions of α₂-microglobulin. The probable mechanisms of realization of the immunomodulating function are analyzed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 364–373, October 1998