宫颈癌患者外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换率及放疗前后染色体畸变率

本文对20例宫颈癌患者,20例正常人进行自发SCE频率以及宫颈癌患者放射线治疗前后染色体畸变的观察。结果表明:患者的SCE率为9.28±0.34/细胞,明显高于正常对照组(P<0.001),同时发现患者染色体数目及结构发生明显异常(P<0.01)。经放射线治疗后,染色体数目及结构异常与放疗前相比有显著改变,说明放射线虽可杀伤肿瘤细胞,但对正常细胞有较严重的损伤作用。本实验反映了癌患者淋巴细胞DNA复制后修复能力较正常人低,存在一定的遗传不稳定性。     

非梗阻性无精子症患者姐妹染色单体互换频率的观察

目的探讨外周血淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)频率与非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)形成的相关性,为进行病因学研究和采取干预措施打下基础。方法对30例NOA患者及20例已经生育的男性,按照外周血淋巴细胞SCE检测方法进行培养检测,分别计数SCE频率。结果实验组SCE频率为8.39±1.58%;对照组为5.17±0.53%,两组对比差异非常显著(P0.01)。结论 NOA患者的外周血淋巴细胞SCE频率明显增高,表明其染色体具有不稳定性。     

烟草和酒精诱导人淋巴细胞SCE和微核的研究

目的　研究烟草和酒精共同作用 ,观察其对人体是否存在有害的叠加效应。方法　采用人全血培养淋巴细胞染色体SCE和微核在酒精和烟草酒精提取物作用下的改变。结果　酒精组与对照组相比 ,SCE频率增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,各烟草处理组SCE高于酒精组 ,与对照组相比更高 ,存在显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。微核在酒精组与对照组相比 ,显著提高。结果　酒精与烟草之间存在叠加效应。     

大剂量硫酸锌与小剂量青霉胺对体外培养淋巴细胞染色体损伤的影响

目的　探讨大剂量硫酸锌与小剂量青霉胺对体外培养淋巴细胞染色体的损伤程度。方法　采用染色体分析技术对对照组、硫酸锌组、青霉胺组、(硫酸锌 +青霉胺 )组的SCE频率进行观察。结果　硫酸锌组与对照组之间差异无显著性 (t=1.2 6 4 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,(硫酸锌 +青霉胺 )组、青霉胺组与对照组差异有显著性 (t=8.12 ;6 .13　P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　硫酸锌对染色体损伤无影响。青霉胺对染色体损伤有一定作用。     

大剂量硫酸锌与小剂量青霉胺对体外培养淋巴细胞染色体损伤的影响

目的　探讨大剂量硫酸锌与小剂量青霉胺对体外培养淋巴细胞染色体的损伤程度。方法　采用染色体分析技术对对照组、硫酸锌组、青霉胺组、(硫酸锌 +青霉胺 )组的姐妹染色单体互换 (SCE)频率进行观察。结果　硫酸锌组与对照组之间差异无显著性 (t =1.2 6 4 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,(硫酸锌 +青霉胺 )组、青霉胺组与对照组差异有显著性 (t =8.12 ;6 .13,P <0 .0 0 1)结论　硫酸锌对染色体损伤无影响。青霉胺对染色体损伤有一定作用。     

无精子症患者染色体不稳定性研究

目的探讨染色体不稳定性在无精子症形成过程中的作用,为进行病因学研究和采取干预措施提供理论依据。方法随机选择无精子症患者40人为实验组及正常的育龄男性30人为对照组,对其外周血淋巴细胞按染色体脆性位点(FRA)、姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)和微核(MN)检测方法进行培养检测,分别记数、计算染色体FRA、SCE及MN发生率。结果实验组的外周血淋巴细胞FRA、SCE和MN发生率与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 FRA、SCE和MN发生率可作为经常暴露在易致DNA损伤的环境下发生无精子症患者染色体稳定性的检测指标。     

染色体不稳定性与乳腺癌发病的关系

目的通过对乳腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体不稳定性的研究,来探讨乳腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中染色体畸变率（Chromosom alaberration,CAR）、染色体脆性部位（frahglg site）、姐妹染色单体交换（sister chromati dexchanges,SCE）、微核发生率（micronuclei,MN）及核仁组织形成区（Nucieolus organizer regioil,NOR）的相关性。方法对84例乳腺癌患者和110例正常人进行外周血染色体培养,常规收获细胞、制片,观察正常人和乳腺癌患者的染色体畸变率、染色体脆性部位、姐妹染色单体交换率、微核发生率、核仁组织形成区,并比较结果。结果①84例乳腺癌患者染色体结构畸变出现较多的的是i、3、5、6、10、11、17。②CAR、SCE频率、MN、AgNOR分别为11.07％、12.76±1.73、2．42±0．68‰、42.74％。③乳腺癌CAR、fra、SCE频率、MN、AgNOR各指标间呈正相关。结论乳腺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体存在着数目及结构畸变,染色体畸变是导致乳腺癌发生的重要原因。肿瘤患者淋巴细胞染色体不稳定性的发生是其必然的表现,通过染色体不稳定性检测有助于发现高危患者。     

益气活血解毒法对不稳定性心绞痛患者血管内皮保护与抑制血小板活化作用

观察益气活血解毒法治疗不稳定性心绞痛患者 ,血管内皮保护与抑制血小板活化作用。将 43例不稳定性心绞痛患者 ,随机分为 2个治疗组 :单用西药治疗组 (对照组 )与益气活血解毒法治疗组 (中药组 )。 2组均给予同样的常规西药方案治疗 ,中药组加静脉滴注黄芪注射液 (每日 2 0ml,含黄芪 40 g) ,静脉滴注络泰注射液 (三七总皂甙粉针剂 ,每日 40 0mg) ,口服解毒护心胶囊 (每粒含黄连超细粉碎物 0 .4g、茶多酚 0 .0 8g ,一次 3粒 ,一日 3次 ) ,疗程 2周。 2 0例健康人为正常组。流式细胞仪检测血小板P -选择素 (CD 6 2 p) ,酶联免疫检测血浆假血友病因子 (vWF)。作治疗前后及组间统计学比较。结果 :两治疗组治疗前CD 6 2p、vWF均未见显著差异 ,均显著高于健康组 (P <0 .0 1)。两治疗组治疗后CD 6 2 p、vWF均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,且中药组非常显著地低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :黄芪、三七总皂甙与黄连等配伍体现的益气活血解毒法 ,对不稳定性心绞痛患者 ,有显著的保护血管内皮功能、抑制血小板活化作用。     

系统性红斑狼疮病人淋巴细胞SCE的频率

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种典型的人类自身免疫性疾病。这种病的特点是能产生DNA的抗体,染色体不稳定,DNA修复机能较弱;在这种病人的血清中有能导致正常人淋巴细胞染色体断裂和姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)的断裂因子。现在对这种因子和SCE形成的机理还不太了解。只知道它与染色体的不稳定性有关,并知道O_2~-和超氧化物歧化酶也与这因子有关。对遗传损伤较敏感的一些疾病测定了SCE的频率,结果表     

Flt3配体促进再生障碍性贫血患者淋巴细胞向TH1表型分化

目的　探讨Flt3配体 (FL)对再生障碍性贫血 (AA)辅助性T细胞 (TH)分化的影响及与造血功能衰竭的相关性。方法　应用流式细胞仪分析AA患者骨髓及外周血中TH 亚群 ,并观察植物血凝素 (PHA)和白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )对AA患者TH 亚群影响 ;体外培养研究FL对骨髓和外周血T细胞分化及细胞因子分泌的作用。结果　AA患者骨髓及外周血中TH1细胞比例明显增高 ,且以急性AA更为显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,TH1与TH2细胞比例失衡 ,TH1 TH2比例显著高于正常对照 (2 .1± 0 .8和 1.4± 0 .7,P <0 .0 5) ;AA及正常人淋巴细胞经PHA和IL 2激发后TH1比例并无明显变化 ,而正常人骨髓细胞经与FL共同孵育 10d后 ,培养上清中IFN γ含量增高 ,表型分析提示 ,除TH1细胞比例增加外 ,树突状细胞及自然杀伤细胞阳性率也有明显增加。结论　FL通过树突状细胞诱导淋巴细胞向TH1表型分化 ,是AA造血功能衰竭的原因之一。     

Sister chromatid exchange in aplastic anemia

The incidence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the lymphocytes of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) was determined before and after exposure to mitomycin C (MMC). The “baseline” SCE rate was significantly higher in AA, but MMC-induced SCE rate was not different compared to controls. It is suggested that some patients with AA may have an underlying DNA damage.     

I. The modulatory effect in genotoxic responses due to age and duration of PHT-therapy in epileptic patients

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency has been studied from the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of 42 epileptic patients on the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (PHT) for 3 months and their follow-up (6 and 9 months), of 33 epileptics who had not started therapy (PHT-untreated), and of 40 normal healthy controls, all in the same age group, i.e., 10-30 years. PHT-treated epileptic patients at all three durations of therapy (3, 6, and 9 months) showed higher SCE frequency (P < 0.001) than healthy controls and PHT-untreated patients. There was no significant difference in SCE frequency between control and PHT-untreated patients, suggesting that disease is not associated with an increased frequency of SCEs. The frequency of SCEs seems to be influenced by an age factor, when older treated patients (21-30 years) showed higher SCE frequencies at 3 and 6 months (P < 0.001) and 9 months (P < 0.05) than the younger age group (10-20 years). SCE frequency increased linearly with the duration of therapy, i.e., from 3 months to 9 months. No correlation was found between SCE frequency and sex with respect to controls, PHT-untreated, and PHT-treated subjects. In conclusion, the modulating effect on SCE frequencies elicited by age and duration of therapy has been clearly demonstrated by SCE mean analysis. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 21:135-149, 2001.     

Increased sensitivity to mitomycin C-induced sister chromatid exchange in lymphocytes from patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Treatment of cells with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) results in the generation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of DNA damage. In the present study, we have evaluated the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in lymphocytes from patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). In addition, we have determined the sensitivity of lymphocytes from those patients to SCE induction by 20 and 40 ng/ml mitomycin C (MMC). Patients undergoing HBOT for diabetic feet were exposed to 10 consecutive daily HBO treatments according to a routine therapy protocol. The study began with 12 patients; however, it was not possible to sample all of the patients at all HBOT sessions, and the number of patients gradually decreased towards the end of the HBOT. We observed a statistically significant induction in mean SCE/cell (P < 0.05; n = 11) immediately after the first session of HBOT. Relative to its frequency after the 1st treatment, the mean SCE frequency gradually decreased after the 5th and 10th HBOT sessions and reached baseline (pretherapy) levels 1 day after the last treatment in the four patients that were sampled. The mean MMC-induced SCE frequency was highest in lymphocytes sampled immediately after the first HBOT session, and significantly higher than the MMC-induced SCE frequency in cells sampled before HBOT. Unlike the case with untreated cells, MMC-induced SCE frequencies remained high in lymphocytes sampled at later stages of therapy and mean MMC-induced SCE frequencies were significantly higher (P < 0.05; n = 4) in lymphocytes sampled 1 day after the last session of HBOT than in lymphocytes sampled from these patients prior to beginning the therapy. The results indicate that HBOT induces SCE and that lymphocytes retain increased sensitivity to the genotoxicity of MMC one day after completing the HBOT.     

The effects of etodolac, nimesulid and naproxen sodium on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange after enclused third molars surgery

Purpose

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently used in oral surgical procedures in dentistry. The evaluation of the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is accepted as a reliable cytogenetic method to assess the genotoxic effects of environmental factors.

Materials and Methods

In this study, the genotoxic effects of various NSAIDs were assessed in 30 patients to who they were administered following encluosed third molar surgery using SCE analysis before and after the operation. The frequency of SCE was evaluated before the operation and after 3 days of etodolac, nimesulid and naproxen use.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of SCE between the preoperative and postoperative states in patients given etodolac, nimesulid or naproxen sodium.

Conclusion

Short term use of selective and non-selective NSAIDs was not associated with a significant genotoxic effect that could be detected using the SCE method in peripheric lymphocytes.     

Effect of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde on sister-chromatid exchanges in breast cancer

Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) play a significant role in DNA damage, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and carcinogenesis. Here, we determine plasma NO and MDA to evaluate their role in carcinogenesis and their effect on the frequency of SCEs in 45 female breast cancer patients and in 35 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma NO (P<0.01) and MDA (P<0.001) was significantly higher in the breast cancer group, and a direct correlation were found between plasma NO and MDA concentration and tumour grade. Patients with stage II disease showed the highest levels of both NO and MDA, compared with controls. Simultaneously, SCE frequency per lymphocyte in the breast cancer group was found to be significantly (P<0.001) higher; the greatest increase being found in patients with stage IV disease. Positive correlation was found between SCEs and both NO and MDA in the breast cancer group; however, both NO and MDA production decreased with increasing severity of the disease. Lower NO production in stage IV disease may be due to lower expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), further facilitating the production of superoxide anions (O2*-). The reaction between NO and O2*- results in peroxynitrite (OONO-) formation, which works efficiently at the molecular level and may induce higher SCE frequency. This work suggests that further cytogenetic and molecular study is required to provide definite answers for the therapeutic use of NO in breast cancer.     

新辅助化疗对局部进展期乳腺癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨局部进展期乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗前、后T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞免疫功能的变化。方法:采用流式细胞术检测54例局部进展期乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗前后的静脉血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞免疫功能。美国癌症联合会(American Joint Commitree on Cancer,AJCC)肿瘤分期为Ⅱb期(仅T3N0M0)和Ⅲ期(不包括N3),静脉血于第1周期新辅助化疗治疗前及第3周期化疗后21日抽取,淋巴细胞亚群检测包括:T(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+),NK(CD56+,CD16+),经过3周期新辅助化疗CEF方案(表柔比星、环磷酰胺和5-氟尿嘧啶),根据新辅助化疗临床效果评价分为2组,化疗有效组38例(CR和PR),化疗无效组16例(SD和PD),并与正常体检健康者(40例)作比较。结果:乳腺癌患者治疗前CD4+、CD4+/CD8+明显低于对照组(P<0.01),NK细胞明显低于对照组(P<0.05),新辅助化疗后,有效组总CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),CD8+降低(P<0.05);无效组CD3+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),而CD8+升高(P<0.05)。结论:局部进展期乳腺癌患者免疫功能低下,有效的辅助化疗能提高患者的免疫功能,定期监测免疫功能对指导临床治疗有意义。     

Sister chromatid exchanges in adult epileptic patients on phenytoin therapy

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in lymphocyte cultures of 12 adult male epileptic patients on long-term monotherapy with phenytoin (PHT) and of matched controls. Significantly increased frequency of SCE was observed in the epileptic patients as a group and in almost all individuals, indicating a detectable chromosome damaging effect of PHT therapy on its human users.     

Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Paternal Lymphocyte Immunization in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions

PROBLEM: Natural killer (NK)-cell cytotoxicity in women undergoing lymphocyte immunization prior to and following treatment was investigated. METHOD OF STUDY: A cohort of 33 women with a history of two or more recurrent spontaneous abortions was prospectively studied. NK-cell cytotoxicity was determined at effector-to-target ratios of 50:1 and 25:1. Peripheral blood CD56+ NK-cell, CD 19+ B-cell, CD19+/5+ B-l-cell, and CD3+ pan T-cell levels were studied by flow cytometry before and after lymphocyte immunization treatment. Maternal antipaternal T- and B-cell antibody levels were measured before and after lymphocyte immunization by flow cytometric analysis. Paternal lymphocyte immunizations were given two times with a 4-week interval. Post-lymphocyte immunization testing was done 4 weeks after the second lymphocyte immunization. The controls were 8 normal healthy women. NK assays were done twice with an interval of 8 weeks. RESULTS: NK-cell activity at effector-to-target ratios of 50:1 (P = 0.005) and 25:1 (P = 0.001) were significantly suppressed after lymphocyte immunization. CD3+ pan T-cell levels after lymphocyte immunization were significantly increased compared with levels before lymphocyte immunization (P = 0.008). CD56+ NK-cell levels were significantly suppressed after lymphocyte immunization (P = 0.016). There was no correlation between changes in NK cytotoxicity and differences in antipaternal lymphocyte antibody levels before or after lymphocyte immunization. CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte immunization suppresses NK-cell cytotoxicity and CD56+ NK-cell levels and increases the peripheral blood CD3+ T-cell population in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions.     

Latex allergy in Saudi children with spina bifida

BACKGROUND: Children with spina bifida (SB) are exposed to latex soon after birth during bladder catheterization, rectal disimpaction, and multiple surgical procedures. IgE-mediated latex-allergic reactions have been reported recently in these children. Our study was designed to assess the prevalence of allergic reactions to latex products in a group of Saudi Arabian children with SB in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients, aged 1-20 years, with SB were evaluated by a questionnaire on type of latex reactions; family and personal history of other allergic disorders, such as asthma, rhinitis, and urticaria; type and number of surgical procedures; and frequency of bladder catheterization and manipulation with latex materials. Confirmation of latex sensitivity was measured by skin prick test (SPT), CAP test, and latex skin challenge. RESULTS: Allergy to latex was detected in 25% of the study group. There was a significant variation in allergic reaction by sex (males 42%, females 12%) (P<0.01), use of catheters (yes 38%, no 13%) (P<0.05), and urologic surgery (yes 60%, no 18%) (P<0.01). The number of surgical procedures, age of patient, and V-P shunt were not significantly related to allergic reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support previous studies indicating a high prevalence of latex allergy among SB patients. The CAP test was a more sensitive measure of latex allergy in SB patients than SPT or latex challenge. There was significant correlation with urologic procedures and the use of urethral catheters.     

Genotoxicity of the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (PHT): a follow-up study of PHT-untreated epileptic patients. I. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis.

Phenytoin (PHT) is a widely prescribed antiepileptic drug. Its potential to interact with genetic material was investigated in a set of 30 epileptic patients (age 10-30 years) prior to and following the administration of PHT over a period of 9 months (grouped in a multiple of 3 months) and 40 control subjects in relation to age, sex, duration of drug therapy, and plasma concentration of PHT, using the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency assay. Plasma levels of the phenytoin were measured by biochemical assay in epileptic patients before and after the PHT therapy. The peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured and harvested at 72 h. The frequency of SCE was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in both age groups (10-20 and 21-30 years) for PHT-treated epileptics compared to PHT-untreated and control subjects. However, there were no considerable variations in SCE finding between the control and PHT-untreated patients. Between the two age groups, a significantly higher SCE frequency was observed in PHT-treated patients (P < 0.01) in the older age group (21-30 years). Mean SCE frequency did not differ between the male and female in the controls, PHT-untreated, or treated epileptics. Correlation between the plasma concentration of PHT and the incidence of SCE among 30 patients was insignificant. PHT monotherapy appears to have genotoxic effect as expressed by the induction of increased SCE rates in treated epileptics, while disease does not play any role in inducing genetic damage as shown by no difference in SCE frequencies between control subjects and PHT-untreated epileptic patients.