我国汉、回和藏族部分人群HEV感染的血清学调查

目的了解我国不同民族的健康人群戊型肝炎病毒感染情况。方法采用ELISA方法检测人群血清中戊型肝炎病毒（戊肝,HEV）IgG抗体。汉族人群血清分别来自于四川、北京、黑龙江和山东,回族和藏族人群血清来自于甘肃、宁夏和青海,总共10448份血清采集于2006—2008年。结果七省市人群HEV抗体总阳性率为17．97％（1878／10448）。汉、回和藏不同民族人群HEV抗体阳性率分别为24．32％（1794／7376）、3．59％（81／2258）和0．37％（3／814）。不同地区人群HEV抗体阳性率分布,四川、北京、黑龙江和山东汉族人群阳性率分别为27．45％、20．30％、22．89％和22．68％,甘肃汉和回族分别为24．63％（184／747）和6．12％（77／1258）,宁夏回族和青海藏族分别0．40％和0．37％。汉回藏不同民族各年龄组人群HEV感染分布,汉族各年龄组人群HEV抗体阳性率,在≤10岁年龄组为5．19％,11～20岁组为11．64％,21～30岁组为20．08％,31～40岁组为34．17％,41—50岁为41．75％,51～60岁组为48．58％,≥61岁组为57．43％。回族人群各年龄组人群HEV抗体阳性率依次为3．11％,3．96％,2．11％,3．98％,2．52％,4．57％和6．67％。藏族人群3份阳性者分布在21—30岁组、31—40岁组和51～60岁组各1份,阳性率为0．63％、0．58％和1．01％。结论汉族人群戊肝病毒感染明显高于回族和藏族,感染率随年龄增长而升高。回藏族人群HEV抗体阳性率低下,应加强对HEV感染的监测。     

北京地区部分人群接触密切的家畜(禽)戊型肝炎病毒感染血清学调查

目的 了解北京地区戊型肝炎(戊肝)病毒感染现状.方法 采用EIA诊断试剂检测人群、猪和鸡血清中戊肝病毒(HEV)抗体.结果 1208份人群血清中有260份HEV-IgG抗体阳性,总阳性率为21.52%,对260份HEV IgG阳性血进行IgM抗体检测,有22份阳性,占8.46%.32份猪血清中有15份阳性,阳性率为46.88%,34份鸡血清HEV抗体全部为阴性.人群不同年龄组HEV抗体阳性率依次为11～20岁为5.60%(14/250),21～30岁为20%(42/210),31～40岁为24.03%(62/258),41～50岁为26.44%(78/295),51～60岁为32.82%(64/195),男女不同性别HEV感染率比较,男性阳性率为29.51%(144/488),女性为21.70%(102/470).结论 北京地区人群和与人接触密切的家畜猪均存在戊肝病毒感染,人群戊肝病毒感染率随年龄增长而升高,尤其是男性戊肝病毒感染率明显高于女性,郊区流动人群戊肝病毒感染率明显高于市内人群,家畜猪感染率是人群的2倍以上.     

人、猪、禽戊型肝炎病毒血清学关系的研究

目的研究人、猪、禽戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）的血清学关系。方法应用ELISA分别以人、猪、禽HEVORF2重组蛋白p166human、p166swine、p268avian检测人、猪、鸡血清及其他标本中抗．HEVIs,G，用SAS软件进行统计学分析，同时进行序列同源性比较。结果p166human和p166swine对HEV实验感染动物血清、HEVORF2重组蛋白免疫血清和单克隆抗体均呈阳性反应，而p268avian均呈阴性反应。以p166human、p166swine、p268avian检测人、猪、鸡血清抗．HEVIgG，戊型肝炎患者血清检出率分别为98．5％、97．7％和1．5％，正常人血清为10．0％、10．0％和4．0％，猪血清为26．9％、25．6％和1．3％，鸡血清为4．3％、2．2％和33．3％。p268avian与p166human或p166swine的检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。相关性分析表明，p166human和p166swine对不同样本的检测均呈直线正相关，而p268avitm与p166human或p166swine无直线相关性。人和猪HEVpORt2的序列同源性在88．2％。99．2％，而禽HEV与人、猪HEVpORt2的同源性仅为45．5％～46．1％，其中含有多个插入和缺失突变。结论人和猪HEV血清学关系密切，而禽HEV与人、猪HEV抗原性差异有统计学意义，无血清学相关性。因此禽HEV与人、猪HEV的关系应予进一步考证。     

甘肃省部分人群甲、乙、丙和戊型肝炎感染的血清学调查

目的 了解健康人群肝炎病毒感染现状.方法 采用ELISA方法检测人群血清中抗甲(HAV-IgG)、乙(HBsAg和HBsAb)、丙(HCV-IgG)和戊型肝炎病毒抗体(HEV-IgG).1977份人群血清收集于2008年5-10月.结果 人群肝炎病毒抗体阳性率,HAV-IgG为84.57%(1672/1977),HBsAS和HBsAb为4.81%(95/1977)和28.73%(568/1977),HCV-IgG为0.46%(9/1977),HEV-IgG为13.10%(259/1977).不同年龄段的人群肝炎病毒抗体阳性率分布,HAV-IgG阳性率,在≤9岁组至≥60岁组为43.21%～95.56%.HBsAg和HBsAb阳性率为2.09%～36.43%.HCV-IgG阳性总数9份,分布在30～59岁年龄组阳性为0.59%～1.79%.HEV-IgG阳性率,≤9岁组至≥3岁组分别为3.48%～21.67%.结论 低年龄组人群HAV和HBsAb抗体明显低于人群总体水平,应及时加强免疫预防.HBsAg携带和HCV感染下降.HEV感染随年龄增长而升高,汉和回族人群HEV感染率存在明显差别.     

陕西、青海、新疆三省(区)部分人群庚型肝炎病毒血清学调查

目的：调查陕西、青海、新疆三省（区）部分人群庚型肝炎病毒（HGV／GBV）血清学特征。方法：采用ELISA方法，共调查三省（区）1469份血清中GBV－IgG抗体。结果：少数民族血清GBV－IgG抗体的阳性率（藏族4．11％，蒙古族5．36％，维吾尔族4．55％，回族4．00％）略高于汉族（1．36％－1．73％），但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；吸毒人群GBV－IgG阳性率（11．30％，34／301）明显高于正常人群（2．44％，18／736），（P＜0．01）；献血员GBV－IgG阳性率为1．02％－7．68％。结论：三省区民族间GBV－IgG抗体阳性差异无显著性，血源性传播是其重要途径，应加强对献血员及吸毒人员的监管。     

无偿献血人群戊型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

目的调查绍兴市街头无偿献血者戊型肝炎病毒感染情况。方法3701例无偿献血者标本采用ELISA方法检测抗-HEV IgG和抗-HEV IgM,RT-PCR检测抗-HEV IgM阳性血清HEV RNA。结果本市无偿献血者抗-HEV IgG阳性率为29.91%(1107/3701);抗-HEVIgM阳性率为1.35%(50/3701);HEV RNA阳性6例,检出率为0.16%(6/3701),均为HEV基因1型;各季节抗-HEV IgG和抗-HEV IgM的阳性检出率无显著差异。结论加强对献血者感染HEV情况的检测和研究,对保证用血安全,完善安全输血的保障体系有切实的意义。     

青海同德藏族人群感染HBV基因型、血清型调查

目的 了解青海同德藏族人群乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因型、血清型的分布状况.方法 用巢式PCR扩增青海同德藏族人群表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性者的HBV S、C基因,测定其序列,判定其基因型和血清型.结果 源于自然人群的311份血清标本中,同时获得S和C基因序列者271份,其中C型基因10例,占3.7%,C/D重组型261例,占96.3%;血清ayw2亚型259例,占95.6%,adr亚型10例,占3.7%,adw2亚型2例,占0.7%.结论 青海同德藏族人群感染HBV以C/D重组型为主,血清型以ayw2为主.     

四川地区部分人群和与人接触密切的家畜禽戊型肝炎病毒感染的调查及基因分型的研究

目的 了解四川地区人群和与人接触密切的家畜猪和鸡戊型肝炎(戊肝)病毒感染的分布及病毒基因分析.方法 采用万泰生物药业的HEV EIA诊断试剂检测人群、猪和鸡血清中戊肝病毒(HEV)IgG抗体.采用逆转录套式PCR方法(RT-nPCR)检测猪胆汁和血清中戊肝病毒核酸,并对阳性产物进行纯化和部分核苷酸序列分析.结果 学龄前儿童血清672份中有41份阳性,阳性率6.1%,成人血清661份中有280例阳性,阳性率42.36%,猪血清36份中有32份阳性,阳性率为88.89%,59份鸡血清HEV抗体均阴性.对15份HEV IgM抗体阳性的患者血清和54份猪胆汁进行RT-nPCR,从1份患者血清和3份猪胆汁扩增到戊肝病毒核酸,4株核苷酸序列之间同源性92.1%～98.6%,与GenBank HEV参考株ORF2相对应序列比较,核苷酸序列与Ch-T21(我国散发性急性肝炎人分离株HEV4 B亚型)之间同源性最高占90.1%～96.9%.结论 四川地区部分人群和与人接触密切的家畜猪均存在HEV感染,尤其是家畜猪感染率高达90%左右,从人和猪分离到的病毒株核苷酸同源性很高,均属于戊肝病毒基因4型.     

中国职业暴露人群感染H6N6禽流感病毒血清学调查

目的 系统评估我国职业暴露人群感染H6N6禽流感病毒的状况.方法 本研究利用我国2009-2011年开展的高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒职业暴露人群血清学监测所采集的近15 000份血清标本,开展H6N6禽流感病毒血清学调查.结果 本研究中检测到H6N6禽流感病毒阳性血清共10份,分别来自不同的职业暴露人群,包括活禽市场、家禽规模养殖场、家禽散养户、屠宰加工场和野生候鸟栖息地.从地域上看该10份阳性血清来自8个不同的省份,分布在我国的南北方.结论 这是我国大陆地区首次报道人感染H6亚型禽流感病毒.     

厦门地区孕妇戊型肝炎病毒血清流行病学调查CSCD

目的 调查厦门地区孕妇戊型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis E virus,HEV）感染率及特征.方法 2014年9月至2015年6月,收集在厦门市湖里区妇幼保健院建卡、产检的910名孕妇血清;对计划于该院分娩的孕妇（前瞻性亚组）收集第二份产检血清.使用ELISA法检测血清抗-HEV IgM和抗-HEVIgG抗体;对抗-HEV IgM阳性血样进行HEV RNA检测,抗-HEV IgG阳性血样进行IgG定量检测.结果 910名孕妇中8人抗-HEV IgM阳性（0.88％,95％ CI 0.45％ -1.73％）,其中3人HEV RNA阳性,病毒载量介于600 - 700 copies/ml;140人抗-HEV IgG阳性（15.38％,95％ CI 13.19％ -17.68％）,几何平均浓度0.385 Wu/ml（95％ CI0.332 -0.445 Wu/ml）;抗-HEV IgG抗体阳性率存在年龄累积效应.前瞻性亚组共随访150名孕妇,其中4人随访期间出现血清抗-HEV IgM或IgG阳转,新发感染率10.7/100人年（95％ CI 3.39 - 25.7/100人年）,未观测到不良妊娠结局出现.结论 厦门地区孕妇HEV感染率较低,但孕期HEV新发感染风险远高于一般人群,应进一步扩大样本量,明确孕期发生HEV感染的疾病负担.     

Seroepidemiological study of hepatitis E virus in different population groups

In order to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus, 1,993 sera (453 from healthy pregnant women, 491 from Moroccan subjects, 492 from blood donors, 321 from children, and 236 from intravenous drug users) were studied. IgG was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and positive results were confirmed by Western blot. The EIA detected antibodies in 3.96 % of the subjects (5.6 % of the Moroccans and drug users and 1.8 % of the children). Fifty-four percent of these results were confirmed by Western blot, 11.4 % were found to be negative, and 34.2 % indeterminate. The overall prevalence after confirmation by Western blot decreased to 2.15 %. When studying the Western blot pattern of the positive samples, 95 % showed antibodies to SG-3, 65 % to 8–5, and only 9.3 % to CKS fusion protein. In the indeterminate Western blots, the results for these proteins were 96.3 %, 62.9 %, and 37 %, respectively. When the epidemiological data were analysed, no statistically significant differences between women and men or between different age groups were found.     

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies in different human populations of Cameroon

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. HEV infection is self-limiting, but fulminant hepatitis may occur with higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the HEV in three different populations in Cameroon and to assess alimentary risk factors of infection. A total of 903 individuals including 450 elderly people, 183 pregnant women, and 270 HIV-infected patients were enrolled during 2009-2015. All sera obtained were tested for the presence of anti-HEV antibodies with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The association between initial anti-HEV status and potential risk factors was assessed. Out of the 903 samples, 22.0% (199/903) were positives for anti-HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM), 5.8% (52/903) for anti-HEV IgG, and 3.5% (32/903) for both. The seropositivity for IgM was 7.0%, 13.1%, and 34.7%; meanwhile, the seropositivity for immunoglobulin G was 8.5%, 3.3%, and 5.1%, in HIV-infected patients, pregnant women, and the elderly population, respectively. Both antibodies were detected simultaneously in 2.2%, 1.6%, and 5.1% in HIV-infected patients, pregnant women, and the elderly population, respectively. No risk factors were significantly associated with HEV infection in these populations. This study showed a high prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in three different populations in Cameroon.     

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of hepatitis E virus in Yunnan Province, China

In this study, the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs and the general population in the Yunnan province, China, were evaluated. Nine hundred sixty sera, 95 liver and 60 feces samples were randomly collected from pig farms and abattoirs, in addition 173 human sera were sampled in the provincial capital city for a serological survey and an RT-nPCR assay. The screening results showed that among 621 samples collected from five pig farms, the HEV-specific IgG positive rate ranged from 73.2% to 83.5%, and the overall seroprevalence was 78.9% (490/621). A further analysis revealed that the seroprevalence increased with age. The positive rate of human serum samples was 39.9% (69/173). HEV RNA was detected in five swine feces, six swine liver and one anti-HEV-IgM-positive human serum sample by RT-nPCR. Sequence and alignment of the 348-nt PCR-amplified products of 12 HEV strains identified nine distinct nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that these nine sequences shared 84.2% to 100.0% nucleotide sequence identity with each other, with all isolates belonging to genotype 4 HEV and clustering with other Chinese swine and human HEV sequences determined earlier. This study results suggest that the prevalence of genotype 4 HEV is serious, both in pig herds and in the human population, and authorities should pay more attention to the prevalence of HEV in southwest China.     

山西省不同人群丙型肝炎病毒的基因分型研究

目的探索丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因型在山西省不同人群中的分布规律及流行的优势型。方法用RT-PCR和型特异性引物逆转录巢式PCR法,对山西省271例抗HCV阳性的丙型肝炎病人、原发性肝细胞癌患者、非肝癌癌症患者、性关系混乱者和性病患者、职业献血员、吸毒者及公共场所从业人员进行了HCVRNA的检测和基因分型。结果271份抗HCV阳性标本中,HCVRNA检出率为45.45%～89.66%,平均67.52%。以丙型肝炎病人、献血员和吸毒者的HCVRNA检出率较高(76.9%～89.7%),χ2=30.44,P<0.01。在133份HCVRNA阳性血清中,仅检出了108例1b型、2a型和此两种基因型的混合感染者。未检出1a型、2b型和3a型。其中1b型占80.00%(88例),2a型占11.81%(13例),混合型占6.36%(7例)。在肝癌患者和献血员中,仅检出1b型的感染;非肝癌的其他癌症患者中,未发现混合感染。各基因型在各人群中的分布比例也有差别,丙型肝炎患者、非肝癌的其他癌症患者、吸毒者和从业人员的各基因型构成比较接近,均以1b型为主。而性病患者和性关系混乱者中1b型和2a型感染者比例相等。结论山西省HCV的基因以1b型占优势。     

Prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis E virus in pigs from countries where hepatitis E is common or is rare in the human population.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a very important public health concern in many developing countries where epidemics of hepatitis E are common. Sporadic cases of clinical hepatitis E not only occur in these countries but also occur uncommonly in patients with no known epidemiological exposure to HEV in industrialized countries. The source of infection in industrialized countries is unknown but it has been suggested that animals might serve as a reservoir for HEV in both settings. We recently identified and characterized an HEV strain (swine HEV) that infects large numbers of pigs in the United States. To assess the potential of pigs to serve as a global reservoir of HEV, we measured the prevalence of HEV antibodies in pigs in two countries where hepatitis E is endemic and two countries where it is not. Swine herds in all four countries contained many pigs that were seropositive for IgG anti-HEV, although the percentage of seropositive pigs varied greatly from herd to herd. A very limited number of pig handlers in the two endemic countries were also tested and most of them were found to be seropositive for HEV. The results from this study suggest that hepatitis E is enzootic in pigs regardless of whether HEV is endemic in the respective human population. J. Med. Virol. 59:297-302, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.