18F-FDG PET/CT在甲状腺结节中的诊断价值

目的 探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在甲状腺良恶性结节中的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析了48例(男17例,女31例)于本院行18F-FDG PET/CT显像的甲状腺结节患者,所有结节均得到病理证实.利用ROC曲线选取PET/CT半定量指标最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)最佳诊断界值.根据病灶的视觉分级、摄取形态、SUVmax值、CT衰减程度、钙化、突出于甲状腺边界外及病灶边缘是否清晰等七项指标进行综合评分,比较这种综合评分方法与单纯利用SUVmax值判断良恶性的诊断效能,并比较良恶性两组间SUVmax值是否具有差异.最后利用Logistic回归分析七项指标与良恶性结节的相关性.结果 ①SUVmax诊断甲状腺结节的最佳界值为4.71,此时18F-FDG诊断甲状腺恶性病变的灵敏度为80.6％,特异度为75％;②将SUVmax与病理结果对照,发现恶性组SUVmax较良性组明显增高,但恶性组与良性组有重叠;③结合七项指标综合判断结节良恶性的诊断效能较单独利用SUVmax判断良恶性的诊断效能无明显差异(P=0.09);④七项评价指标中SUVmax及CT衰减程度与良恶性相关,对良恶性诊断具有一定价值.结论 ①SUVmax最佳诊断界值为4.71;②良恶性两组间SUVmax差异具有统计学意义;③联合PET及CT多项指标综合诊断不能提高诊断效能;④SUVmax大小及CT中表现为低密度与恶性结节相关,CT中表现为极低密度与良性结节相关,对于良恶性鉴别诊断有一定意义.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像对可疑甲状腺原发病变的评估价值

目的 对18F-FDG PET/CT检查发现可疑甲状腺高代谢结节的发病率和良恶性进行回顾性分析.方法 回顾2010年11月至2013年5月间行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,发现甲状腺结节的2569例患者中,甲状腺呈高代谢灶的患者1219例,有病理证实及随访结果的67例.根据病变病理及随访结果,结合代谢情况、影像表现,对此67例甲状腺良恶性病变发病率进行分析.结果 甲状腺弥漫性病变恶性率与局灶性高代谢病变恶性率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.单发高代谢结节中,恶性结节及良性结节SUVmax值分别为6.63±4.49和3.07±1.42,两者之间差异有统计学意义（=2.436,P=0.035）.多发结节单发高代谢灶病变中,恶性及良性病变SUVmax值分别为5.72±2.47和3.37±0.74,两者之间差异无统计学意义.多发高代谢结节的良恶性SUVmax值差异无统计学意义（t=1.870,P=0.151）.结论 甲状腺高代谢结节有较高的恶性率,SUVmax值对单发高代谢结节的良恶性鉴别有意义.     

原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤18F-FDG PET/CT的影像特点

目的 探讨原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤(PTL)的18F-FDG PET/CT影像表现.方法 回顾2009年11月至2013年8月淋巴瘤患者805例,病理证实PTL者12例,分析18F-FDG PET/CT图像特点,以及SUVmax值及与临床指标相关性.结果 PTL好发于中老年妇女,弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)及粘膜相关淋巴瘤(MALToma)常见.18F-FDG PET/CT图像显示甲状腺双侧或单侧塑形增大,病灶密度弥漫性均匀性减低49.4±11.8HU,且代谢明显增高(SUVmax均值12.4±8.7),常伴占位效应及高代谢淋巴结.SUVmax值不受年龄、性别、B症状、分期影响(P＞0.05),但与IPI评分具有相关性(P=0.018).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像有助于PTL的早期诊断.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在鼻咽癌分期中价值的研究

目的 探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG) PET/CT在鼻咽癌分期中的价值.方法 回顾性分析35例鼻咽癌患者相关影像学检查资料,分别根据18F-FDG PET/CT与CT、MR对鼻咽癌患者进行治疗前分期、治疗后再分期,采用Spearman相关性分析全身病灶最大值SUVmax、鼻咽部SUVmax分别与T分期、临床分期的相关性.结果 18F-FDG PET/CT改变了12例治疗前患者的分期,9例治疗后患者的再分期.在再分期的评价中,18F-FDG PET/CT诊断复发转移的灵敏度为100％(9/9)、特异度55.6％ (5/9)、阳性预测值为69.2％ (9/13)、阴性预测值为100％ (5/5).全身最高SUVmax与T分期的相关性为0.677(P ＜0.05),与临床分期的相关性为0.667(P ＜0.05),鼻咽部SUVmax与T分期的相关性为0.71 (P ＜0.05),与临床分期的相关性为0.46(P ＜0.05).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对鼻咽癌的分期、再分期与临床分期有一定的价值.     

18F-FDG PET/CT对早期活动性大动脉炎的诊断价值分析

目的探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射体层摄影(PET)/CT对早期活动性大动脉炎(TA)患者的诊断价值。方法病例对照研究。纳入西安交通大学第一附属医院2020年1月—2022年12月行PET/CT检查的10例早期活动性TA患者的临床资料, 其中男2例、女8例, 年龄20～72(44.9±17.7)岁, 为TA组;选择同期年龄、性别匹配的10例非TA的受检者作为对照组, 均行18F-FDG PET/CT显像检查。观察研究对象的显像结果, 由2位有经验的影像科医师分别勾画血管病变, 测量TA组病变段血管壁与对照组主动脉段血管壁对18F-FDG的最大标准摄取值(SUVmax), 比较2组SUVmax的差异。采用Spearman相关性分析方法, 探讨TA组病变动脉段血管壁局部对18F-FDG的SUVmax值与红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的关系。结果 10例早期活动性TA患者18F-FDG PET/CT显像中均可看到主动脉及其主要分支血管壁葡萄糖代谢轻至中度增高。TA组的18F-FDG SUVmax值为3.38±0.85, 明显高于对照组的1.68±0.24, ...     

联合应用DCE-MRI和~(18)F-FDG PET/CT监测~(125)I粒子短距离放疗对胰腺癌移植瘤的疗效

目的:评估动态对比增强磁共振(DCE-MRI)和通过~(18)Fluorine-fluorinedeoxyglucose作为示踪剂的正电子发射型体层摄影术-X线计算机体层摄影图像融合(~(18)F-FDG PET/CT)监测~(125)I粒子短距离放疗对胰腺癌移植瘤的疗效。方法:16只胰腺癌裸小鼠被随机分为~(125)I粒子植入组(n=8)和空载粒子组(n=8)。于治疗前及治疗后第10天分别进行DCE-MRI和~(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查。DCE-MRI灌注成像参数包括容量转移常数(Ktrans)、速率常数(Kep)、血管外细胞外间隙容积比(Ve)。~(18)F-FDG PET/CT测量最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)和平均标准摄取值(SUVmean)。结果:~(125)I粒子植入组与对照组相比,Ktrans、Kep、SUVmax和SUVmean均明显降低(P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.003,P=0.001)。DCE-MRI灌注参数与标准化FDG摄取值之间不存在相关性。结论:DCE-MRI和~(18)F-FDG PET/CT监测~(125)I粒子短距离放疗对胰腺癌移植瘤的疗效是可行的。肿瘤血流动力学改变及糖代谢之间可能是相对独立因素,两种成像方法提供互补信息。     

肺结节的PET/CT诊断与术后病理的对比分析

目的探讨肺结节的PET/CT与术后病理的诊断价值,并分析两者的相关性。方法回顾性分析PET/CT诊断为肺结节并行手术的103例患者,术后病理分析PET最大标准化摄取值(SUVmax)及CT形态学特征综合评估结节的性质,采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 103例患者行PET/CT检查中,经术后病理证实恶性结节81例,良性结节22例。恶性结节与良性结节的SUVmax差异有统计学意义[(8.48±4.98) vs (3.85±3.87),P 0.05]。病理提示恶性结节与SUVmax大小呈正相关(r=0.467,P 0.05)。结论 PET/CT在良恶性肺结节的诊断中具有重要的临床价值,但仍有一定的假阳性及假阴性,特别是假阴性应引起重视。     

18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT与18F-FDG PET/CT在脑胶质瘤分级评估中的对比研究

目的对比18F-前列腺特异性膜抗原(18F-PSMA)-1007 正电子发射体层摄影(PET)/CT与18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT在脑胶质瘤分级诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性队列研究。纳入2022年8月—2023年3月西安交通大学第一附属医院脑胶质瘤患者32例, 其中男16例、女16例, 年龄19～79(50.3±13.2)岁。患者术前均行头颅18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT和18F-FDG PET/CT检查, 2次扫描间隔时间均<1周;均接受颅内占位切除术治疗, 术后病理WHO分级Ⅱ级14例、Ⅲ6例、Ⅳ级12例。根据WHO分级将患者分为2组:Ⅲ～Ⅳ级18例为高级别胶质瘤(HGG)组, Ⅱ级14例为低级别胶质瘤(LGG)组。观察指标:(1)比较HGG组和LGG组在18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT和18F-FDG PET/CT图像中病灶最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)、肿瘤/背景比值(TBR)的差异, 统计2种不同示踪剂PET/CT显像在诊断HGG和LGG时的灵敏度、特异度和准确度。绘制受试者操作特征曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC), 评估2种示踪剂在...     

PET/CT在口腔癌诊断及分期中的应用

目的 探讨18 F-FDG PET/CT在口腔癌诊断和分期中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析83例经病理证实的术前行PET/CT检查的口腔癌患者,根据术后病理进行TNM分期和组织学分化分级,并探讨FDG摄取与口腔癌分化和分期的关系.对术前PET/CT检查结果分期并与术后临床TNM分期结果进行比较.结果 诊断患者多为晚期(33/83),病变多位于舌部(28/83).口腔鳞状细胞癌分化良好、中分化、低分化的最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)、代谢性肿瘤体积(MTV)和总病变糖酵解(TLG)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).晚期患者(Ⅲ～Ⅳ期)的SUVmax、MTV和TLG显著高于早期患者(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)(P＜0.05).术前PET/CT结果与术后临床TNM分期有很好的一致性(Kappa=0.845).PET/CT对口腔癌分期的准确性为89.2％.结论 SUVmax、MTV和TLG与口腔癌的临床TNM分期有很好的相关性,PET/CT对口腔癌的术前分期具有较高的准确性,有助于临床医生治疗方案的选择和改善患者的预后.     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像联合血清CA125测定早期诊断卵巢癌

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET/CT联合血清CA125测定对卵巢癌早期诊断的临床价值。方法:110例B超发现卵巢病变患者均行全身18F-FDG PET/CT显像及血清CA125测定。结果:在110例卵巢病变患者中,卵巢癌70例,良性病变40例,卵巢癌与卵巢良性病变患者血清CA125水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌与卵巢良性病变SUV最大值(SUVmax)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);18F-FDG PET/CT对卵巢癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为95.1%、79.09%、88.5%、93.1%、80.9%;CA125对卵巢癌的诊断效能均低于18F-FDG PET/CT,但两者联合可提高18F-FDG PET/CT诊断的特异性(91.0%)、准确性(88.3%)。结论:18F-FDG PET/CT对卵巢癌的诊断具有高灵敏度和相对特异性,18F-FDG PET/CT联合血清CA125测定能够提高早期诊断卵巢癌的特异性、准确性。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Recovery of responsiveness of cells of lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

1. Recovery of responsiveness of single cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat has been determined in both P and I cells. There are three types of recovery curve among P cells; (a) early recovery, (b) early partial recovery followed by depression and then complete recovery, (c) prolonged depression followed by cyclic recovery. Type (c) is by far the commonest recovery curve. In contrast to the spike in a P cell, the synaptic potential recovers to its full amplitude in about 20 msec. All I cells exhibit similar rapid recovery curves after a prolonged depression.2. Conditioning stimuli applied to visual cortex also produce a prolonged depression in most P cells but I cells can be re-excited at short intervals from cortex. Decortication does not prevent the prolonged depression of the multineuronal response produced by optic nerve stimulation.3. A neuronal model is proposed to explain these observations. It is supposed that I cells (interneurones) are innervated by axon collaterals of the P cells (principal cells, projecting to visual cortex) and that the I cells exert an inhibitory influence on the P cells.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Analysis of two types of dopaminergic responses of neurons of the spinal ganglia of rats

It was established, in experiments on isolated spinal ganglia of adult rats in concluons of intracellular recording, that dopamine (1 M/liter) elicits depolarized responses in 61% of neurons, hyperpolarized in 20% of neurons, and depolarized-hyperpolarized in 19% of neurons. The depolarized responses are associated with the activation of D₁ dopamine receptors, and are governed by the shift of cAMP-dependent cation (sodium) channels to the conducting state. The hyperpolarized responses are triggered by the activation of D₂ dopamine receptors, which by means of HTP-binding protein convert the potassium channels to the conducting state. The change in the polarization of neurons with the action of dopamine influences their electrical excitability variously.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 739–745, June, 1990.