复方苦参注射液联合XELOX方案对晚期结肠癌患者疗效及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨复方苦参注射液联合卡培他滨和奥沙利铂方案(XELOX方案)对晚期结肠癌患者疗效及免疫功能的影响。方法将我院收治的78例晚期结肠癌患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各39例,对照组给予XELOX方案治疗,实验组加用复方苦参注射液,比较两组客观疗效、胃肠道不良反应及治疗前后免疫功能、卡氏(KPS)评分、癌胚抗原(CEA)的变化。结果实验组总有效率为84.62%,显著高于对照组的64.10%(P<0.05);两组治疗后KPS评分均明显升高(P<0.05),实验组升高幅度大于对照组(P <0. 05);两组治疗后CEA值均无明显变化,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,实验组CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞活性均明显升高(P <0.05),对照组CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞活性均明显降低(P <0. 05),组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05);实验组胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组肝功能异常发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论复方苦参注射液联合XELOX方案对晚期结肠癌患者疗效较好,可提高免疫功能,减少胃肠道不良反应。     

探讨芍药汤联合痛泻要方对溃疡性结肠炎患者炎症细胞因子及免疫功能的研究

目的:探讨芍药汤联合痛泻要方对溃疡性结肠炎患者炎性因子和免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2015年2月至2017年2月间我院收治的溃疡性结肠炎患者90例作为观察对象,随机均分为观察组和对照组各45例,对照组给予痛泻要方治疗,观察组给予芍药汤联合痛泻要方治疗,两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组患者治疗后的炎性因子、T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化情况及临床疗效。结果:治疗后观察组和对照组的治疗有效率分别为95. 56%和73. 33%,观察组高于对照组且差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);治疗后两组患者的TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8显著下降,观察组下降幅度更大,与治疗前及组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);治疗后两组患者的CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK水平明显升高,而CD8~+水平下降,观察组与治疗前及组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);观察组治疗后总不良反应发生率为15. 56%,明显低于对照组的35. 56%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。两组随访6个月,复发率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1. 800,P=0. 180)。结论:芍药汤联合痛泻要方治疗溃疡性结肠炎患者临床疗效确切,可明显减轻机体炎性反应、提高机体免疫功能下降,降低不良反应发生率。值得临床推广使用。     

不同化疗方案治疗T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效比较

目的 探讨不同化疗方案治疗外周T淋巴细胞瘤(peripheral t-cell lymphoma,PTCL)的疗效.方法 将2010年8月至2015年1月医院收治的初诊PTCL患者40例,根据用药方案分为2组,CHOP(环磷酰胺+表柔比星+长春新碱+泼尼松)/CHOP样方案作为CC组24例,Hyper CVAD(大剂量环磷酰胺、表柔比星、长春新碱、地塞米松)/MA(大剂量甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷)方案作为HM组16例,记录近期疗效、生存情况、化疗毒副反应,比较化疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、CD4+和CD8+T细胞中CD45RA+、CD45RO+T细胞分布情况.结果 HM组缓解率为87.5%高于CC组的54.17%(P<0.05),两组Ⅰ~Ⅱ期化疗缓解率高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期.两组化疗后CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD45RO+均较治疗前升高,且HM组升高幅度较CC组明显(P<0.05);化疗后CD8+、CD4+CD45RA+、CD8+CD45RA+、CD8+CD45RO+较治疗前下降(P<0.05),其中HM组CD8+、CD4+CD45RA+、CD4+CD45RO+下降幅度较CC组明显.HM组中位无进展生存期为25个月长于CC组的12个月(P<0.05),1年无进展生存期几率为81.25%高于CC组的45.83%(P<0.05);两组2年、3年无进展生存期及1年、2年、3年总生存期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).HM组中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少发生率分别为68.75%、62.5%高于CC组的20.83%、16.67%(P<0.05).结论 Hyper CVAD/MA治疗初诊PTCL近期疗效好,可延长中位PFS,调节机体免疫功能,但中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少发生率较高,应给予高度重视.     

癌灶CD4~+CD25~+和CD8~+ T细胞亚群与卵巢浆液性癌患者生存期相关

检测卵巢浆液性癌患者癌组织中CD4+CD25+及CD8+T细胞的数目,探讨其两种T细胞介导的免疫功能对疾病发展及预后的影响。免疫组织化学双标及单标的染色方法检测41例卵巢浆液性癌患者手术切除癌组织标本中CD4+CD25+和CD8+T细胞的数目。结果显示,癌灶中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞为(19.95±11.50)个/10HPF,CD8+T淋巴细胞为(43.46±16.69)个/10HPF。生存分析发现高CD4+CD25+T细胞组患者总生存期较低CD4+CD25+T细胞组缩短,差异有显著性(P<0.05);而高CD8+T细胞组患者总生存期与低CD8+T细胞组相比延长,且差异有显著性(P<0.05),此外两种T细胞数目与患者年龄、病理分级、临床分期、腹水细胞学及淋巴结转移等临床病理因素均无关(P>0.05)。结果表明,卵巢浆液性癌中高CD4+CD25+T细胞提示患者预后不良,可能与CD4+CD25+T细胞介导的免疫抑制导致肿瘤免疫逃逸有关;癌组织中高CD8+T细胞提示患者预后较好,两种T细胞对卵巢浆液性癌预后的评估有重要的价值,同时可以通过阻断CD4+CD25+T细胞的免疫抑制作用改善卵巢浆液性癌患者的预后,为卵巢癌治疗提供靶目标。     

DC-CIK免疫治疗联合化疗对多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血T细胞亚群及Treg细胞的影响

为研究树突状细胞和细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)为效应细胞的过继免疫联合化疗治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床疗效及对患者外周血T细胞亚群、CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞的影响,探讨以上治疗对MM患者的细胞免疫调节功能。将36例MM患者随机分为两组:化疗组18例,给予合适的化疗方案;联合组18例,除接受适合的化疗外,还给予DC/CIK免疫治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效及外周血T细胞亚群、CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞比例。结果显示,3周期治疗后,联合组患者的生活质量和临床疗效均比化疗组患者显著提高(P<0.05)。联合组CD3+CD8+比例、CD4+CD25+/CD4+、CD4+CD25+FoxP3+/CD4+CD25+比值均明显低于化疗组(P<0.05);CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值明显高于化疗组(P<0.05),提示联合治疗组对MM具有更有效的免疫调节功能。研究结果表明DC/CIK免疫治疗联合化疗治疗MM有良好的临床疗效和应用价值,可能是通过免疫调节使MM患者Th2向Th1逆转,从而增强机体抗肿瘤效应的。     

连花清瘟胶囊联合头孢呋辛酯片治疗慢性咽喉炎患者的临床疗效

目的:从多方面探讨连花清瘟胶囊、头孢呋辛酯片联合方案治疗慢性咽喉炎的临床效果.方法:选取2018年6月～2020年5月到我院就诊126例慢性咽喉炎患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各63例.对照组采用头孢呋辛酯片治疗,研究组采用连花清瘟胶囊联合头孢呋辛酯片治疗.比较两组总有效率、治疗前后症状评分、T淋巴细胞亚群、炎性因子水平、不良反应发生率及复发情况.结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),研究组症状评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组血清TNF-α、IL-6水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),血清IL-2水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),研究组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平明显升高(P<0.05),而对照组无明显变化(P>0.05);两组不良反应发生率无明显差异(P>0.05);研究组复发率明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:连花清瘟胶囊与头孢呋辛酯片联合方案能进一步抑制慢性咽喉炎患者机体炎症、改善患者免疫状态,促进症状改善,疗效显著,且安全性良好.     

鼠神经生长因子治疗创伤性骨不连临床研究

目的　探讨局部注射神经生长因子在治疗骨折不愈合与延迟愈合中的作用。 方法　研究对象选取我院2014年1月到2016年1月间收治的四肢骨折不愈合患者86例,按照随机数字法分为对照组(43例)和观察组(43例),对照组患者采用组合式外固定支架结合常规康复训练治疗,观察组患者联合局部神经生长因子注射治疗,比较两组患者的治疗有效率,同时比较两组患者的4周内和4周后的骨痂最大直径、骨痂出现时间、骨痂体积、骨折愈合时间和不良反应发生率。 结果　观察组的总有效率为97.67%明显高于对照组(81.4%)(χ2=6.08,P<0.01);观察组的胫骨、股骨、肱骨、尺骨、锁骨、腓骨及桡骨等愈合时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.01);治疗4周内骨痂的最大直径比较中两组无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗4周后观察组的骨痂最大直径明显高于对照组(t=2.659, P<0.01);观察组骨痂出现时间、骨折愈合时间均明显早于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者在8周内均无严重不良反应发生,组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。 结论　局部注射神经生长因子治疗骨折不愈合与延迟愈合患者的临床疗效显著,能明显提高骨折的治疗有效率,促进骨痂生成和骨折愈合速度,同时患者的不良反应发生率较少,治疗安全性高,值得在临床中推广。     

盐酸埃克替尼联合 GP 化疗方案治疗对非小细胞肺癌患者临床疗效、免疫功能及毒副反应的影响

目的:分析盐酸埃克替尼联合吉西他滨联合顺铂(Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin,GP)化疗方案治疗对非小细胞肺癌患者临床疗效、免疫功能及毒副反应的影响.方法:选取2017年5月至2020年1月期间收入我院治疗的102例非小细胞型肺癌患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法的差异将患者分为基础组和联合组,各51例.基础组采用GP化疗方案治疗,联合组在基础组的基础上增加口服盐酸埃克替尼;观察两组治疗效果、用药前后免疫功能以及毒副反应.结果:联合组客观有效率、疾病控制率明显高于基础组(P<0.05);用药后,两组患者的CD4+/CD8+与CD4+均上升,且联合组明显高于基础组(P<0.05);CD8+均下降,且联合组明显低于基础组(P<0.05);联合组的腹泻发生率明显高于基础组(P<0.05),其他毒副反应比较无差异(P>0.05).结论:盐酸埃克替尼联合GP化疗方案可提高非小细胞型肺癌临床疗效佳,保障免疫能力、安全性尚可.     

CD137L分子在多发性骨髓瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨人CD137配体(CD137L)分子在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)中的表达及临床意义.方法 收集2011年1月至2017年2月医院收治的80例MM患者的骨髓细胞,测定CD137L分子表达情况,分析CD137L分子表达与MM患者临床病理参数及细胞增殖及细胞周期变化的关系.结果 骨髓瘤细胞系、MM骨髓细胞均见CD137L分子表达,且骨髓瘤细胞系CD137L分子表达水平高于MM骨髓细胞(P ＜0.05);CD38+ CD138+、CD38+ CD138-细胞亚群CD137L表达水平均高于CD38++CD138+(P＜0.05);不同临床病理参数MM患者CD137L分子表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);1d、2d、3d后各组U-266细胞计数基线均明显上升(P ＜0.05);1F1组、IgG1组细胞分裂前期G1期细胞分别占51.5％、55.5％,处于细胞分裂S期细胞分别占42.5％、35.5％.结论 MM原代细胞CD137L表达水平较高,且可促进细胞增殖,导致细胞周期发生改变.     

阿托伐他汀联合美托洛尔应用于慢性心功能衰竭患者对其T细胞功能及临床预后的研究

目的 分析阿托伐他汀联合美托洛尔应用于慢性心功能衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者对其T细胞功能及临床预后的研究.方法 选择2016年1月至2016年3月在我院心内科收治的慢性心功能衰竭的患者292例,按照随机、双盲的原则,分为观察组与对照组.观察组给予阿托伐他汀片联合美托洛尔,对照组仅给予美托洛尔.结果 治疗前,两组患者Th1、Th2、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞均在同一水平,二者比较无明显差异(P>0.05).治疗后,观察组与治疗前相比Th1、CD8+T细胞均明显降低(P<0.05)、Th2、CD4+T细胞均显著升高(P<0.05);且和治疗后的对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者的LVEF及NT-proBNP也均有不同程度的下降,但观察组下降程度相对更为明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察两组的临床结局,发现观察组总体有效达91.78%,对照组却仅为74.66%,二者比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀联合美托洛尔应用于CHF患者可调节T细胞比例失衡,逆转心肌重构,从而改善心衰症状,提高射血分数,改善临床转归.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Studien zur humoralen Regulation des erythropoetischen Proliferationsspeichers beim Menschen

Zusammenfassung Die Beeinflussung der Erythroblasten-Proliferation durch das Mikromilieu wurde in vitro mittels Auswertung durch Differential- und Mitosezählungen und Signifikanzberechnung vieler Versuchsreihen auch unter verschiedenen pathologischen Bedingungen getestet.Sowohl die Mitosehäufigkeit wie die Ausreifung waren positiv mit dem Erythropoetingehalt des Medium korreliert. Der Effekt wurde durch Folsäure, Ätiocholanolon und cAMP verstärkt. Cobalt stimulierte ebenso wie Testosteron und Methenolon in vitro unabhängig von der Erythropoetinkonzentration im Medium die Erythroblastenproliferation. Ein vermindertes Eisenangebot störte die endgültige Ausreifung der Erythroblasten zu Retikulozyten und bewirkte dadurch eine Ineffektivität der Erythorpoese. Anhaltspunkte für ein Erythrozyten-Chalon oder einen Erythropoetinhemmkörper ließen sich aus unserem Versuchsansatz nicht gewinnen, weil er die Transformation der pluripotenten in die erythropoetin-sensible Stammzelle nicht einschließt. Als Nebenbefund ergab sich eine Stimulation des granulozytopoetischen Proliferationsspeichers durch Serumzusatz zum Medium von Patienten nach akutem Blutverlust und bei Polycythämia vera.Unterstützt durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras

Aymara people has been a relatively homogeneous group since Spanish Conquest by 1,532 CE, even if previously represented a group of various cultural defined populations who gave rise to them. They were and are established in Andean Altiplano around Titikaka Lake (Bolivia, Peru), Argentina and Chile neighborhood, speak Aymara language and have been maintained after Europeans arrival at a lower social status than Quechua (Inca) speaking people. However, both Aymara and Quechua populations acknowledge Titikaka Lake as center of their origins; both languages are also related. Specific high frequencies of HLA-A*02, -A*24 and -A*68, HLA-B*35, -B*39 and -B*48, HLA-DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*09:01, and -DRB1*14:02, and HLA-DQB1*04:02, -DQB1*03:02 and -DQB1*03:01 alleles are found in Aymaras and HLA class II haplotypes common to Andean Amerindians (DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02 and DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02), like Quechua, Aymara, Uros, Lamas and Mapuche are also found in Easter and other Pacific Islands. Giant human head stone statues at Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) are also found at Easter Island. Thus, it is possible a gene and cultural flow between Andean Amerindians and Easter and other Pacific Islands, as it was demonstrated by Thor Heyerdahl in his Kon-Tiki expedition which reached Pacific Islands sailing from El Callao Harbour (Lima, Peru).     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Lipid composition of metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis and lipid changes during growth

A lipid analysis was performed on developing metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis removed from the livers of rats at times varying from 3 to 35 weeks post infection. Lipid accounted for 7–21% of the dry weight of the parasites. The highest proportions were found at the earlier stages. The distribution was as follows; neutral lipid 27–45%; glycolipid 5–11%; and phospholipid 50–61%. The major neutral lipid was cholesterol, and minor neutral lipids were sterol esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. Hydrocarbons were present throughout development, but in the highest amounts at the earlier stages. Five different glycolipids were found, all of which were identified as glycosphingolipids. An increase in the proportion of more complex glycolipids was noted as parasites grew older. Ten different phospholipids were identified, with the major components being phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Other phospholipids were: lysophosphatides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and an unknown phospholipid component. Changes in the relative amounts of the two major phospholipids were found when the early and late stages were compared. Two lipids found throughout development were identified as glycosylated dolichol phosphates, and they comprised between 1 and 3% of the total phospholipid fraction. Nineteen fatty acids were detected, and the fatty acid distribution for each lipid class at each stage was determined. Seven major fatty acids were common to each. These were: hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosanoic, and docosahexaenoic.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Simple Serological Assays for Detecting Rice Tungro Viruses

An attempt was made to produce sensitive and specific polyclonal antisera against the viruses causing rice tungro disease, and to assess their potential for use in simple diagnostic tests. Using a multiple, sequential injection procedure, seven batches of polyclonal antisera against rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) were produced. These were characterized for their sensitivity and specificity using ring-interface precipitin test and double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA. Thirty-one weeks after the first immunization, antiserum batch B6b for RTBV showed the highest ring interface titer (DEP = 1:1920). For RTSV, batches S3, S4b and S5b all had similar titres (DEP = 1:640). In DAS-ELISA, however, significant differences among purified antisera (IgG) batches were observed only at IgG dilution of 10^-3. At that dilution, IgGB4b showed the greatest sensitivity, while IgGS3 showed greatest sensitivity for RTSV. When all IgG batches were tested against 11 tungro field isolates (dual RTBV-RTSV infections) at sample dilution of 1:10, IgGB4b and IgGB6b for RTBV and IgGS3 and IgGS6b for RTSV performed equally well. However, after cross adsorption with healthy plant extracts in a specially prepared healthy plant-Sepharose affinity column, only IgGB6b could be used specifically to detect RTBV in a simple tissue-print assay.     

Is it worthy to take full-course immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis? About efficacy biomarker of allergen immunotherapy

Nowadays, people pay more attention to biomarkers that can predict clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. As the only recognized aetiological treatment, the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been proved by many studies. However, treatment success depends on compliance and persistence greatly, which can be impaired by the lengthy duration of AIT and socioeconomic status of patients. Besides, ineffectiveness is another factor that accounts for non-adherence. If the clinical efficacy can be predicted in the early stage of immunotherapy, it can help patients choose appropriate treatment plans, increase patient compliance and optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper mainly focuses on five candidate biomarkers, the sIgE/tIgE ratio before treatment, serum inhibitory activity for IgE, decreased basophil activation, upregulation of Tregs and tolerogenic DCs, reviews the time when potential biomarkers can predict or monitor the efficacy of AIT, discusses the reason why these indicators could serve as efficacy biomarkers and interactions among potential biomarkers.     

Neurotransmitter signaling pathways required for normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos: a pharmacological survey screen

Neurotransmitters are not only involved in brain function but are also important signaling molecules for many diverse cell types. Neurotransmitters are widely conserved, from evolutionarily ancient organisms lacking nervous systems through man. Here, results are reported from a loss‐ and gain‐of‐function survey, using pharmacological modulators of several neurotransmitter pathways to examine possible roles for these pathways in normal embryogenesis. Applying reagents targeting the glutamatergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways to embryos of Xenopus laevis from gastrulation to organogenesis stages, we observed and quantified numerous malformations, including craniofacial defects, hyperpigmentation, muscle mispatterning and miscoiling of the gut. These data implicate several key neurotransmitters in new embryonic patterning roles, reveal novel earlier stages for processes involved in eye development, suggest new targets for subsequent molecular‐genetic investigation, and highlight the necessity for in‐depth toxicology studies of psychoactive compounds to which human embryos might be exposed during pregnancy.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.