IL-7对中国HIV/AIDS患者病程的影响

目的 了解IL-7对中国HIV／AIDS患者病程的影响。方法应用超敏感酶免法对66例中国HIV／AIDS感染者及8例健康对照者血浆IL-7水平进行定量检测，分析其与CD^＋T细胞绝对值、血浆病毒载量及HIV表型的相关性；并且在体外研究rhIL-7对人PBMC中T淋巴细胞增殖及CXCR4表达的影响。结果中国HIV／AIDS患者血浆IL-7水平高于健康对照（P〈0．05），与CD4^＋T细胞绝对值负相关（P〈0．01），与血浆病毒载量正相关（P〈0．05）。rhIL-7可在体外促进T淋巴细胞增殖反应及CXCR4表达。结论中国HIV／AIDS患者血浆IL-7水平升高，且与疾病进展密切相关，可作为疾病进展的相关标志之一。     

病毒载量和T淋巴细胞计数在HIV感染者临床治疗疗效观察中的应用

目的 研究病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数在评价人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者疗效中的应用效果。方法 对HIV感染者临床病例73例进行了实验室和临床观察，其中包括6例鸡尾酒治疗病例、36例中药试验性治疗病例及31例未进行治疗的感染者。主要实验室指标包括血浆病毒载量及T淋巴细胞亚群计数。结果 在进行治疗后3个月时联合治疗组的病毒载量明显低于其他两组，并且在其后保持在很低的水平，CD4^ 计数水平明显高于其他两组并在其后持续升高。在整个观察期间，中药治疗组的病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数水平与未治疗组差异无显著性，但在临床症状观察中中药治疗组较未治疗组有明显改善。结论 病毒载量检测和CD4^ 计数试验是评价抗HIV治疗疗效的有效方法。     

HIV/AIDS患者CCR5、CXCR4的表达与疾病进展的关系

目的　了解HIV AIDS患者淋巴细胞表面第二受体CCR5、CXCR4的表达 ,分析其与疾病进展的关系 ,探讨HIV感染的免疫基础。方法　收集 33例HIV AIDS患者及 13例健康对照的抗凝全血 ,用流式细胞仪检测第二受体CCR5、CXCR4的表达 ,并分析第二受体表达与病毒载量、CD4 + T淋巴细胞绝对值及T淋巴细胞活化 (HLA DR+ CD38+ )的相关性。结果　艾滋病组CD4 + 、CD8+ T淋巴细胞表面CCR5表达高于无症状HIV 1感染组及健康对照 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;艾滋病组CD8+ T淋巴细胞表面CXCR4表达低于健康对照 (P <0 .0 1)。HIV AIDS患者CD4 + 、CD8+ T淋巴细胞表面CCR5的表达与病毒载量明显正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ;与CD4 + T淋巴细胞绝对值明显负相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,与T淋巴细胞活化(HLA DR+ CD38+ )水平明显正相关 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　HIV 1感染者第二受体CCR5的表达与机体对HIV的免疫反应及疾病进展密切相关。     

CIK细胞在慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中表达及临床意义

目的了解细胞因子诱导杀伤(CIK)细胞在慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中的水平及临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术对62例慢性乙型肝炎患者(CHB组)及20例健康对照组外周血中的T淋巴细胞亚群、CD3-CD56+NK细胞、CD3+CD56+T淋巴细胞进行标记分析。结果在CHB组和对照组中:慢性乙型肝炎患者CD3+CD4+比例及绝对值与正常对照组比较均明显下降(P<0.05),其中低病毒载量组(HBV-L组)CD3+CD4+的绝对值高于0病毒载量组(HBV-0组)和高病毒载量组(HBV-H组)。慢性乙型肝炎患者CD3+CD8+比例及绝对值与正常对照组比较无差别;慢性乙型肝炎患者CD4/CD8比值与正常对照组比较均明显下降(P<0.05),其中以0病毒载量组(HBV-0组)和高病毒载量组(HBV-H组)降低为主。慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD3-CD56+NK细胞与正常组比较百分比无显著差异,绝对值显著低于正常组,各病毒载量组之间无显著差别且均低于正常对照组;CD3+CD56+T淋巴细胞与正常组比较百分比略高于正常组,但无统计学意义,绝对值显著高于正常组,且随着病毒载量的增加而升高。结论乙型肝炎病毒侵入人体,使机体上调了CIK细胞...     

宁夏回族自治区HIV-1感染者抗病毒治疗前免疫学与病毒学指标调查

目的了解该地区部分HIV．1感染者抗病毒治疗前CD4^＋T淋巴细胞、病毒载量分布及耐药性毒株存在情况。方法利用流式细胞技术对CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数，使用NASBA方法测定病毒载量，利用lit-PCR获得目的基因序列，登陆http：／／hivdb．stanford．edu分析耐药突变位点。结果该地区感染人群中66．66％的患者CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数〉350个／mm^3，患者病毒载量对数平均值为3．784±1．048，检测样本中有2例出现耐药性。结论该地区HIV-1感染者目前多为无症状期，但病毒拷贝数较高，耐药性毒株流行水平较低。应在该地区加强抗病毒治疗的宣传。     

中国HIV-1病毒分离株的生物学特性与疾病进展关系的研究

目的　从HIV AIDS患者应用微量全血法分离中国HIV 1毒株 ,研究HIV 1的生物学特性与HIV AIDS疾病进展相关性。方法　建立微量全血法 ,从HIV AIDS全血标本中分离 17株HIV 1病毒分离株 ;检测这 17株病毒分离株嗜性和复制动力。结果　从 2 6例HIV AIDS病例中分离出HIV 1病毒 ,分离率为 6 5 .4 % (17 2 6 ) ,其中 17例HIV 1感染者的病毒分离率为 5 2 .9% (9 17) ,均为巨噬细胞嗜性 (M嗜性 ,NSI) ;9例AIDS患者的HIV 1病毒分离率为 88.9% (8 9) ,其中 7株为T细胞嗜性 (T嗜性 ,SI) ,1株为巨噬细胞嗜性。通过检测P2 4抗原确定 17株HIV 1病毒分离株的复制动力。在分离到的 17株HIV 1中 ,SI型病毒分离株与AIDS组显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;AIDS期的病毒分离株的复制动力明显高于HIV感染期 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　微量全血法可用于病毒分离。 17株分离株的HIV 1复制动力与CD4 + T淋巴细胞计数呈线性负相关 ,与病毒载量呈正相关。     

HIV/HCV合并感染者淋巴细胞活化及第二受体表达的研究

目的了解中国不同疾病进展阶段人类免疫缺陷病毒和丙型肝炎病毒（HIV／HCV）合并感染者T淋巴细胞与自然杀伤细胞（natural killer cells，NK）数量变化及T淋巴细胞活化、受体表达情况，并探讨HCV感染对HIV感染免疫指标及疾病进展的影响。方法应用流式细胞术分析228例不同疾病进展阶段的HIV／HCV合并感染者及101例单纯HIV感染者外周血T淋巴细胞、NK细胞数量及T淋巴细胞活化受体（HLA-DR、CD38）、第二受体（CCR5、CXCR4）表达情况。结果（1）HIV／HCV合并感染组中，CD4^＋T淋巴细胞、NK细胞数量随疾病进展持续下降，其中艾滋病组（AIDS）明显低于无症状HIV感染组（HIV）（P〈0．05），HIV组明显低于长期不进展组（LTNP）（P〈0．01），LTNP组与健康对照组差异无统计学意义。LTNP组、HIV组及AIDS组CD4^＋、CD8^＋T细胞表面活化受体HLA-DR、CD38的表达依次升高，其中各组间CD8／CD38的升高差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），AIDS组CD4／HLA-DR、CD8／HLA-DR的升高明显高于LTNP组和HIV组（P〈0．01）。LTNP组、HIV组及AIDS组CD4^＋、CD3^＋T细胞表面CCR5的表达亦依次升高，各组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；CD3^＋T细胞表面CXCR4的表达依次升高，AIDS组明显高于HIV组和LTNP组（P〈0．01）。（2）HIV／HCV合并感染组与单纯HIV感染组相比，AIDS组NK细胞明显下降（P〈0．05），CD4^＋T细胞下降，但无统计学意义，CD4／HLA-DR、CD8／HLA-DR、CD4／CXCR4、CD3／CXCR4明显升高（P〈0．01）；HIV组NK细胞明显下降（P〈0．01），CD4／CXCR4明显升高（P〈0．05）；LTNP组各项指标与单纯HIV感染组相比差异无统计学意义。（3）HIV／HCV合并感染组的HIV病毒载量随疾病进展不断升高，与单纯HIV感染组相比差异无统计学意义；HCV病毒载量在疾病不同阶段差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论随疾病进展，HIV／HCV合并感染者的免疫功能逐渐下降，HIV病毒载量逐渐升高。与单纯HIV感染相比，合并HCV感染可通过破坏机体天然免疫功能、促进免疫系统活化和受体表达，加速HIV感染的疾病进展。     

22638例乙型肝炎患者HBVDNA载量分布特征

目的为了解乙肝患者HBVDNA载量分布特征。方法荧光定量PCR用于检测HBVDNA,选取HBVDNA阳性患者22638例进行分析,根据病毒载量（copies／ml的对数值）依次分为八组（分别为〈3、3—3．99、4—4．99、5—5．99、6—6．99、7—7．99、8—8．99、〉9）数据进行分析。结果男性和女性比例最高均为〈3．00载量的患者（分别为25．69％,3908／15215;29．83％,2214／7423）（X^2=43．36,P=4．55E—11）,其次比例较高为7．00-7．99载量患者（分别为18．41％,2801／15215;18．90％,1403／7423）（X^2=0．80,P=0．37）;病毒载量与年龄相关性分析显示男性（r=-0．87,P=0．0048）和女性（r=-0．86,P=0．006）年龄均与病毒栽量负相关。结论HBVDNA载量以〈3．00和7．00—7．99比例较多;男性和女性均显示随年龄增加病毒载量逐渐降低的特征。     

HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞TIGIT受体及其配体CD155表达情况研究

目的研究人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)未治疗感染者CD4~+T细胞表面TIGIT受体及其配体CD155表达的情况。方法选取24例未经高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染者和20例HIV抗体阴性健康对照(HIVnegative normal control,NC),用流式细胞仪检测受试对象外周血CD4~+T细胞表面TIGIT受体及其相关配体CD155的表达情况。结果未治疗HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞TIGIT受体表达百分数较健康人组表达明显增高(P0.000 1),并且与CD4~+T细胞绝对计数呈负相关(r=-0.444 1,P=0.029 7)。在未治疗HIV感染者中,CD4~+T细胞计数350/μl组CD4~+T细胞TIGIT表达百分数明显低于CD4~+T细胞计数≤350/μl组(P=0.029 2);病毒载量10~5/ml组CD4~+T细胞TIGIT表达百分数明显高于病毒载量≤10~5/ml组(P=0.015 5)。未治疗HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞表面CD155表达百分数与健康人组相比明显增高(P=0.004 2),且与病毒载量呈正相关(r=0.467 7,P=0.021 2),其中病毒载量10~5/ml组CD4~+T细胞CD155表达百分数明显高于病毒载量≤10~5/ml组(P0.000 1)。结论未治疗HIV感染者CD4~+T细胞TIGIT受体及其配体CD155表达百分数明显升高,且与CD+4绝对计数及病毒载量存在关联性,可为HIV患者的治疗和预后评估提供重要科学依据。     

CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞在HIV/AIDS患者中的作用及其与HIV病毒载量的相关性研究

目的 研究HIV感染者／AIDS患者外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ 调节性T细胞（CD4^＋ CD25^＋ regulatory Tcell，Treg）频率、功能及其临床意义。方法 选择31例HIV感染者／AIDS患者和30例健康对照者，采用流式细胞仪检测各组外周血Treg的表型和频率。采取MACS磁珠分选CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞，利用[^3H]胸腺嘧啶掺入法检测CD4^＋ CD25^＋T细胞在特异性HIV抗原刺激下对CD4^＋ CD25-T细胞的增殖影响。结果HIV／AIDS患者组与正常对照组相比较，外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞频率在统计学上差异无统计学意义。与正常对照组比较，HIV感染者外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞频率升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）；与正常对照组比较，AIDS患者者外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞频率降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．0001）。HIV RNA病毒载量与患者外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞数量呈正相关性（P〈0．01）。CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞具有抑制HIV特异性的CD4^＋ CD25^- T细胞的增殖作用。结论HIV感染者／AIDS患者的细胞免疫功能紊乱，CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T细胞能抑制HIV感染者／AIDS患者的HIV特异性细胞免疫反应，促进HIV病毒复制，与形成持续HIV感染有关。     

Modelling-Based Prediction of Clinical Benefits from Etravirine in the TMC125-C223 Trial

Abstract

Objective: To predict the decrease in progression to AIDS or death based on the treatment benefit of etravirine over active control on CD4 counts and HIV RNA. Method: In the TMC125-C223 trial, treatment–experienced patients (n = 199, baseline median CD4 99 cells/μL, HIV RNA 4.7 log₁₀ copies/mL) received optimized background treatment plus either etravirine 400 mg bid, etravirine 800 mg bid, or control. CD4 and HIV RNA data were used to predict progression to AIDS or death with two methods: regression method – data from clinical endpoint trials were used to correlate previous CD4 and HIV RNA treatment benefits with clinical progression; CD4 categorization method – data from the EuroSIDA cohort were used to predict rates of disease progression. Results: At week 48, CD4 counts rose by 49 cells/μL for etravirine 800 mg bid versus 10 cells/μL for control; HIV RNA fell by –1.0 and –0.14 log₁₀ at week 48 in the two groups. The regression method predicted a 39% comparative reduction in progression to AIDS/death from HIV RNA levels and a 33% reduction in progression from CD4 counts. The categorization method predicted a comparative reduction of 39% based on HIV RNA levels and a reduction of 31% based on CD4 counts. Conclusion: Based on the efficacy results from the TMC125–C223 trial, the benefits of etravirine 800 mg bid versus control in raising CD4 counts and suppressing HIV RNA are predicted to lower progression rates to AIDS/death by 31%–39% for etravirine treatment, using two independent methods.     

Response to highly active antiretroviral therapy at 6 months and long-term disease progression in HIV-1 infection

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term prognostic significance of different definitions of immunologic and virologic responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at 6 months. METHODS: This was a prospective study conducted in 68 French hospitals. HAART was initiated in 2236 protease inhibitor-naive patients included in the French Hospital Database on HIV. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models measuring time from 6 months after starting HAART were used to compare the strength of the association between different definitions of immunologic and virologic responses at 6 months and subsequent progression to AIDS or death. The Akaike's Information Criteria were used to identify the most appropriate model. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 58 months, 325 patients experienced an AIDS-defining event or died. The model that fitted best was the model in which the CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA values attained at 6 months were considered. The risk of clinical progression at 5 years ranged from 7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4-10) in patients whose CD4 cell count at 6 months was >or=350 cells/microL and whose HIV-1 RNA concentration was <3 log10 copies/mL to 63% (95% CI: 52-75) in patients whose CD4 cell count at 6 months was <100 cells/microL and whose HIV-1 RNA concentration was >or=5 log10. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration and CD4 cell count should be taken into account independently when evaluating early response to treatment. The persistent impact of early response on clinical progression at 5 years emphasizes the major importance of the success of first-line HAART.     

慢性HIV/AIDS患者T淋巴细胞凋亡与疾病进展关系的研究

目的 探讨慢性未经抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者T淋巴细胞及各亚群凋亡与疾病进展的相关性.方法 以36例慢性未经抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者为研究对象,根据CD4细胞计数分为3组:<200个/μl组,200～350个/μl组,>350个/μl组,同时选取16例健康志愿者作对照,分离外周血单核细胞(PBMC)后,采用CD45RO及CD27标记T细胞亚群,Annexin V标记细胞凋亡,用流式细胞仪检测各项指标.其中4例患者及4例健康志愿者的PBMC在体外培养,比较分析体外培养0、3、6、12、24 h不同时间点T细胞凋亡的变化情况.结果 (1)HIV/AIDS患者CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞及各亚群上Annexin V表达百分比均显著高于健康人(P<0.05),但3组患者之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)HIV/AIDS患者CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞及各业群上Annexin V表达百分比与CD4~+T细胞计数及病毒载显均无显著相关性(P>0.05);(3)随着体外细胞培养时间的延长,HIV/AIDS患者CD4~+T细胞的凋亡及死亡细胞百分比均显著高于健康人(P<0.05),并且HIV/AIDS患者CD4~+T细胞较CD8~+T细胞更易发生凋亡和死亡.结论 HIV/AIDS患者的T细胞凋亡水平显著高于健康人,并且CD4~+T细胞较CD8~+T细胞更易发生凋亡和死亡,但是T细胞凋亡水平与HIV的疾病进展程度并没有相关性.     

A high HIV DNA level in PBMCs at antiretroviral treatment interruption predicts a shorter time to treatment resumption,independently of the CD4 nadir

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of antiretroviral treatment interruption (TI) in HIV‐infected patients who started treatment based on earlier guidelines, and to identify baseline factors predictive of the time to reach fixed criteria for treatment resumption. Prospective, open‐label, multicenter trial. Patients were eligible if they had a CD4 cell count >350/mm³ and plasma HIV RNA <50,000 copies/ml when they first started antiretroviral therapy (ART); and if they had a CD4 count >450/mm³ and stable plasma HIV RNA <5,000 copies/ml for at least 6 months prior to enrolment. The criteria for ART resumption were a CD4 cell count <300/mm³ and/or a CDC stage B or C event. 116 patients had received ART for a median of 5.3 years. The median CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA values at inclusion were 809/mm³ and 2.6 log copies/ml, respectively. Median HIV DNA load at inclusion was 2.3 log copies/10⁶ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Thirty‐six months after TI, 63.9% of the patients had not yet reached the criteria for ART resumption, and 55.9% of patients had not resumed ART. In Cox multivariable analysis, a high HIV DNA level at TI, a low CD4 nadir, and pre‐existing AIDS status were the only significant risk factors for reaching the criteria for ART resumption (hazards ratio: 2.15 (1.02–4.53), 4.59 (1.22–17.24), and 5.74 (1.60–20.56), respectively). Patients who started ART with a CD4 cell count above 350/mm³ were able to interrupt treatment for long periods without a high absolute risk of either AIDS or severe non‐AIDS morbidity/mortality. A high PBMC HIV DNA level at TI was a strong predictor for more rapid treatment resumption. J. Med. Virol. 82:1819–1828, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

黄芪联合HAART治疗艾滋病22例疗效观察

目的使用黄芪联合高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）治疗艾滋病,与常规HAART治疗进行对比,观察其降低副作用及治疗艾滋病的效果。结论研究组收集22例艾滋病患者,用黄芪联合HAART治疗24周;对照组收集20例艾滋病患者,常规HAART治疗24周。观察两组治疗后药物副作用及抗艾滋病疗效对比情况。结果治疗24周后研究组在消化道反应、外周神经炎、皮疹、皮肤瘙痒及肝功能损害方面药物副作用较对照组发生少,差异有统计学意义。治疗后研究组CD4＋细胞数为（256.80±102.58）,对照组为（240.26±96.62）,差异有统计学意义。结论黄芪联合HAART治疗可以减少HAART治疗的副作用,提高CD4＋细胞数量,增强患者免疫力。     

Performance of immunologic responses in predicting viral load suppression: implications for monitoring patients in resource-limited settings

BACKGROUND: World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings state that CD4 cell counts may be used to indicate when ART regimens should be changed because of treatment failure. The performance of immunologic monitoring for this purpose has not been evaluated, however. METHODS: Participants aged > or =18 years from the British Columbia HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program who had CD4 cell counts < or =200 cells/microL or an AIDS diagnosis at baseline had CD4 cell counts measured at 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for immunologic responses in terms of predicting failure to achieve 2 viral load measurements < 500 copies/mL within 1 year. RESULTS: Viral load suppression occurred in 674 (60%) of 1125 subjects. Using no increase in CD4 cell counts at 6 months as a definition of treatment failure had a sensitivity of 34%, specificity of 94%, positive predictive value of 75%, and negative predictive value of 71% for predicting failure to achieve virologic suppression. Using 12-month CD4 cell count values, the measurements were 35%, 95%, 79%, and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Immunologic criteria to predict which patients have not achieved virologic suppression results in significant misclassification of therapeutic responses.