MAXIMA^TM与SAFE—Ⅱ膜式人工肺性能的实验室测试

本文介绍了作者在英国Ｓｔｒａｔｈｃｌｙｄｅ大学的生物工程中心（Ｂｉｏｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｌｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）进行的膜式人工肺的测试工作，给出实验室内（ｉｎ ｖｉｔｒｏ）以牛血为介质测定膜肺（又称氧合器）的实验装置，测试条件、方法、数据分析及评价法。实验对象是当前国际上普遍应用的、性能优良的膜肺（美国Ｍｅｄｔｒｏｎｉｃ Ｉｎｃ．的ＭＡＸＩＭＡ＾ＴＭ与丹麦Ｐｏｌｙｓｔａｎ公司的ＳＡＦＥ－Ⅱ）。作者对其实验室     

MAXIMA~（TM）与SAFE─Ⅱ膜式人工肺性能的实验室测试

本文介绍了作者在英国Ｓｔｒａｔｈｃｌｙｄｅ大学的生物工程中心（ＢｉｏｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｌｎｇＵｎｉｔ）进行的膜式人工肺的测试工作，给出了实验室内（ｉｎｖｉｔｒｏ）以牛血为介质测定膜肺（又称氧合器）的实验装置，测试条件、方法、数据分析及评价法。实验对象是当前国际上普遍应用的、性能优良的膜肺（美国ＭｅｄｔｒｏｎｉｃＩｎｃ．的ＭＡＸＩＭＡＴＭ与丹麦Ｐｏｌｙｓｔａｎ公司的ＳＡＦＥ－Ⅱ）。作者对其实验室测试结果进行了分析及全面评价。膜肺测试内容包括：（１）氧气传递速率ＶＯ２（ｍｌ（标况）／ｍｉｎ）；（２）二氧化碳去除速率ＶＣＯ２（ｍｌ（标况）／ｍｉｎ）；（３）热交换器的变温性能，ＰＦ因子；（４）血、气两侧的压差。测试与分析表明，两种膜肺虽结构不同；各有所长，但主要性能接近，均为优异可靠的膜肺。本测试的结果与厂家公布的数据接近。     

香烟烟雾提取物对大鼠肺组织的损伤作用及对一氧化氮生成的影响

将大鼠肺组织切片与香烟烟雾提取物（ＣＳＥ）共同孵育,测定其乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性、亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ_２） 含量、一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）转运,以探讨吸烟对肺组织的氧化损伤作用及对一氧化氮 生成的影响。结果显示： １０％ ＣＳＥ时间依赖地增加大鼠肺组织 ＬＤＨ漏出及 ＮＯ_２释放,二者高度正相关（ｒ=０．６５, Ｐ＜０．０１）,刺激诱导型ＮＯＳ（ｉＮＯＳ）活性增加,并通过增加最大转运速度（Ｖｍａｘ）使Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运增加。提示：吸烟可 能通过增加 Ｌ－Ａｒｇ的跨膜转运使细胞内 Ｌ－Ａｒｇ浓度增高,并增加 ｉＮＯＳ活性使 ＮＯ过量产生。 ＮＯ可能参与了吸烟对肺 组织的损伤过程。     

阿尔及利亚求购制药原料

阿尔及利亚求购制药原料阿尔及利亚一公司求购制药原料（ＰＲＯＤＵＩＴＳＰＡＲＡＰＨＡＲＭＡＴＩＱＵＥＳ）。公司名称：ＣＯＮＤＩＰＨＡＲＭ联系人：ＭＲ．Ｙ．ＫＥＴＦＩ地址：１２９，ＲＵＥＤＩＤＯＵＣＨＥＭＯＵＲＡＤ，１６０００ＡＬＧＥＲＡＬＧＥＲＩＥ电话...     

CHANGES OF 6-K-PGF_(1a) RELEASE FROM THE LUMINAL SURFACE OF DACRON SEEDED WITH AUTOLOOUS VENOUS TISSUE FRAGMENTS

ＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦ６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１ａＲＥＬＥＡＳＥＦＲＯＭＴＨＥＬＵＭＩＮＡＬＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＯＦＤＡＣＲＯＮＳＥＥＤＥＤＷＩＴＨＡＵＴＯＬＯＯＵＳＶＥＮＯＵＳＴＩＳＳＵＥＦＲＡＧＭＥＮＴＳＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＯＦ６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１ａＲＥＬＥＡＳＥＦＲＯＭＴＨ...     

MICROPROCESSOR-BASED SYSTEM FOR MEASUREMENT OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE DURING HEMODIALYSIS

ＭＩＣＲＯＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＯＲ－ＢＡＳＥＤＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＢＩＯＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＡＬＩＭＰＥＤＡＮＣＥＤＵＲＩＮＧＨＥＭＯＤＩＡＬＹＳＩＳＭＩＣＲＯＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＯＲ－ＢＡＳＥＤＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＢ...     

A NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR O_2 AND CO_2 TRANSFER IN SHELL-AND-TUBE(INTRA-LUMINALFLOW)OXYGEN AT ORS

ＡＮＥＷＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＯ２ＡＮＤＣＯ２ＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＩＮＳＨＥＬＬ－ＡＮＤ－ＴＵＢＥ（ＩＮＴＲＡ－ＬＵＭＩＮＡＬＦＬＯＷ）ＯＸＹＧＥＮＡＴＯＲＳＡＮＥＷＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＯ２ＡＮＤＣＯ２ＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＩ...     

A PATIENT WITH SEVERE INTOXICATION OF N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDINE PLUS ATROPINISM RESCUED BY HEMOPERFUSION

ＡＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＷＩＴＨＳＥＶＥＲＥＩＮＴＯＸＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＮ－ＤＩＭＥＴＨＹＬＦＯＲＭＡＭＩＤＩＮＥＰＬＵＳＡＴＲＯＰＩＮＩＳＭＲＥＳＣＵＥＤＢＹＨＥＭＯＰＥＲＦＵＳＩＯＮＡＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＷＩＴＨＳＥＶＥＲＥＩＮＴＯＸＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＮ－ＤＩ...     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE HEPARIN-FREE HEMODIALYSIS OF HEMOPHAN ADSORPTION

ＡＮＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＨＥＰＡＲＩＮ－ＦＲＥＥＨＥＭＯＤＩＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＨＥＭＯＰＨＡＮＡＤＳＯＲＰＴＩＯＮＡＮＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＨＥＰＡＲＩＮ－ＦＲＥＥＨＥＭＯＤＩＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦＨＥＭＯＰＨＡ...     

THE USING OF THE REHABILITATION MACHINE ON HAND-ARM STABILITY IN IMPROVING ADL

ＴＨＥＵＳＩＮＧＯＦＴＨＥＲＥＨＡＢＩＬＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＭＡＣＨＩＮＥＯＮＨＡＮＤ－ＡＲＭＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＩＮＩＭＰＲＯＶＩＮＧＡＤＬＴＨＥＵＳＩＮＧＯＦＴＨＥＲＥＨＡＢＩＬＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＭＡＣＨＩＮＥＯＮＨＡＮＤ－ＡＲＭＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＩＮＩＭＰ...     

Membrane digestion

Summary The rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch in the intestine of albino rats was compared with the rate in vitro. It was found that although absorption produces no significant effect on the rate of hydrolysis, and although the composition of the enzymes acting the intestine and in vitro was identical, the rate of starch breakdown in vivo was much the higher. The higher rate of digestion in vivo may be due to membrane digestion in the intestine.(Presented by Academician V. N. Chernigovskii) Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 52, No. 8 pp. 8–12, August 1961     

膜蛋白交联对红细胞膜变形性及流动性的影响

本文通过不同浓度戊二醛作用于红细胞膜。用新型激光衍射法测量了这些红细胞样品的弹性模量 E和膜粘度 μm。同时通过 DPH标记的萤光偏振法测定了这些红细胞膜的流动性 ,并采用 MSL标记的电子自旋共振波谱技术 (ESR)测量了红细胞膜蛋白运动性的变化 ,并取得了与新型激光衍射法一致的结果。发现膜蛋白构象发生改变 ,膜脂流动性下降 ,红细胞膜剪切弹性模量 (E)和表面粘度 (μm)均呈上升趋势 ,红细胞变形能力下降。并对上述红细胞膜结构改变所引起的微观流变特性的变化进行了初步探讨     

Membrane fluidity of blood cells

Plasma membranes are fluid structures and the maintenance of fluidity is a prerequisite for function, viability, growth and reproduction of cells. Membrane fluidity is the reciprocal of membrane microviscosity, which in turn is inversely proportional to rotational and lateral diffusion rates of membrane components. In the absence of constraints most lipids and unrestrained integral proteins freely diffuse in the plane of the membrane with high diffusion coefficients. The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane structure is essentially still valid but this model is by its nature a macroscopic one. At present, attention is focused on molecular structural details of protein-lipid interactions and on the static and dynamic structure of membrane proteins. Highly potent new macroscopic and microscopic methods have been developed to measure translational diffusion of membrane lipids and proteins. The microscopic methods can reveal diffusion via encounters between labeled molecules. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements are the most widely used techniques in biological research. The use of different permeant and non-permeant fluorophores have contributed much to a better understanding of the changes in the ordered states and motional freedom of the membrane phospholipids in different cells during development, aging and physiological functions as well as in pathological conditions. The application of fluorophores with non-random distribution have shed light on the asymmetrical changes between the outer and inner domain of the lipid bilayer and on the dynamics of 'flip-flop' in signal transduction. Membrane fluidity was shown to have a decisive role in the efficiency of ligand binding, in the outcome of direct cell to cell contacts and in the modulation of the activity of membrane enzymes. Cell filtrability reflects whole cell viscosity that can not always be correlated with the fine changes in membrane fluidity. Cell viscosity depends inter alia on the size and shape of the cells as well as on membrane rigidity. In contrast to this, membrane fluidity is only dependent on the freedom of mobility of the membrane constituents. Increased release of free radicals and reactive oxygen specie (ROS) affect membrane fluidity, cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, induce lipid peroxidation and finally cell death. Investigation of membrane fluidity proved to be a useful and sensitive additional method to obtain a better insight into the mechanisms by which different compounds, drugs and contact with foreign surfaces are affecting cellular functions. The measurements of membrane fluidity may gain more widespread use for monitoring the safety and efficacy of these actions. During the last few years, changes in membrane fluidity of blood cells have been reported during development and aging and as a result of physiological cell functions. Membrane fluidity changes have been described in thrombocythaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, septic conditions and in allergic and burnt patients, in alcoholics, in Alzheimer's disease and in schizophrenia. A short summary is given on red cell membrane fluidity changes in a Hungarian triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)-deficient family, reflecting how the very subtle changes in membrane fluidity can help to establish underlying biological differences between the clinical phenotypes of a severe enzyme (TPI) deficiency caused by the defect of a single gene in two brothers one with and one without neurological symptoms.     

Membrane anomalies of neoplastic cells

Neoplastic cells exhibit numerous membrane anomalies. Those involving the plasma membrane have attracted the greatest attention, although ample evidence indicates that the membranes of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are also profoundly implicated. The information on these topics is briefly reviewed and it is concluded that of the multiple membrane anomalies observed, those responsible for high aerobic lactate production, abnormal plasma membrane transport and release of hydrolytic enzymes may figure prominently in malignant behaviour, i.e. invasiveness and metastasis. It is proposed that the membrane polymorphism of neoplastic cells can be explained in terms of the Changeux membrane lattice hypothesis. In particular it is suggested that the concerted behaviour of tumor cell membranes might deviate from normal due to one or more of the following processes: (a) insertion of a new protein (or lipid); (b) alteration of existing proteins (or lipids); (c) change in the proportion of phospholipid; (d) change in the proportion of glycolipid; (e) change in the proportion of cholesterol; (f) change in the steady-state of membrane ligands. The validity of this proposal is evaluated in terms of recent advances in membrane molecular biology.