多次撑开植骨治疗严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折后路手术更好的复位方法,并规范术中观察方法和经伤椎椎弓根植骨技术。方法 44例胸腰椎严重爆裂骨折（椎管占位〉50%或伴高度塌陷〉50%）均采用脊柱后路钉棒系统多次撑开方法复位固定,并经椎弓根行伤椎体内打压植骨治疗。术中反复撑开2~4次,植人工骨6~8cm3;术中C臂透视,清楚观察椎体后缘＂直线＂或＂前弧线＂恢复情况,借此准确判断椎管占位程度。结果 X线和CT显示骨折复位满意,椎体前后缘高度恢复至96%~105%,椎管占位恢复至0~6%,神经症状无一例加重。随访1~24个月,未发现断钉、断棒和后凸畸形,椎管占位无加重,神经损伤症状多数减轻或完全恢复,半年后病例伤椎均达骨性愈合。结论大部分严重胸腰椎爆裂骨折可采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统反复多次撑开方式复位固定,经椎弓根伤椎内植骨融合治疗,效果良好。     

伤椎内球囊扩张植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的应用价值研究

目的探讨后路钉棒复位固定联合经椎弓根伤椎内球囊扩张后植骨手术,在胸腰椎爆裂骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法 31例胸腰段及腰椎爆裂骨折,采用后路椎弓根钉棒复位固定,经伤椎椎弓根置入PKP系统球囊,扩大伤椎内骨质空腔,植入人工骨填充的方法进行治疗,并在手术时间、透视次数、植骨量、出血量、椎体前后缘平均高度、Cobb角、椎管占位等方面,与钉棒复位经椎弓根单纯植骨方法做初步对比。结果31例爆裂骨折复位固定良好,神经功能ASIA评分无一例加重,伤椎内植骨区域填充良好,22例患者术后坚持随访,无一例断钉断棒,骨折愈合良好,伤椎内无空腔形成,取出内固定物后6月复查,无一例伤椎塌陷;在手术时间、透视次数、出血量、椎体前后缘平均高度、Cobb角、椎管占位等方面,与经椎弓根单纯植骨手术无明显差异,但植骨量更加充分,有明显的统计学差异(P0.01)。结论本术式治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折理论上是一种有效手段,但与传统的简单钉棒复位固定方式比较,是否可以明显减少钉棒取出后伤椎塌陷的发生,还需深入研究及大宗病例随访。     

严重胸腰椎骨折脱位椎弓根钉棒系统治疗35例临床观察

目的 观察后路椎弓根钉棒系统治疗严重胸腰椎骨折脱位的疗效.方法 经后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定减压、植骨治疗35例严重胸腰椎骨折脱位.结果 35例随访11个月～3年,全部病例基本恢复了正常椎体序列、Cobb角及椎体高度.结论 椎弓根钉棒系统复位固定结合后路植骨融合,是治疗严重胸腰椎骨折脱位的有效方法.     

伤椎后路椎弓根螺钉置入并椎体内植骨重建胸腰椎椎体的高度

背景：后路短节段经椎弓根内固定器械可使骨折达到近似解剖复位效果,明显提高疗效,但远期随访矫形度数丢失、内固定失败等并发症较普遍。 目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性。 方法：对73例胸腰椎骨折应用椎弓根钉棒系统后路伤椎一侧椎弓根螺钉置入内固定,对侧经椎弓根通道采用自体骨和同种异体骨行椎体内植骨。 结果与结论：73例随访6个月内均获骨性愈合,脊柱植骨融合率100%,无螺钉松动、折断。1例Frankel分级C级无变化,1例D级无变化,其余患者神经功能及腰背痛明显改善;置入后6个月损伤节段后凸平均Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度、椎管前后径残留程度均较治疗前明显恢复。表明经伤椎椎弓根钉置入内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗骨折可获得满意复位,重建椎体高度,增强脊柱的抗压稳定性,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、矫正丢失等并发症。     

短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折的临床应用及疗效.方法采用后路短节段椎弓根钉系统复位固定并经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折35例,分别于术前、术后及随访时测量伤椎前、后缘高度和 Cobb 角,比较植骨后推体高度的恢复度和 Cobb 角的纠正度.结果本组病例均获随访,平均随访时间12.5个月.平均骨折愈合时间5.4个月.全部随访患者未出现断钉、断棒及椎弓根钉拔出.所有病例术后及随访时椎体高度和 Cobb 角均纠正良好,脊柱椎体排列良好,椎体内植骨融合良好.其中11例1年后,10例1年半后取内固定物,取内固定物半年后拍片未见椎体高度丢失和塌陷.结论后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折治疗能不仅有效恢复伤椎高度,尽早形成伤椎的骨性愈合,增加伤椎前、中柱的支撑力,重建了伤椎前、中柱的稳定性,而且保留伤椎邻近节段的运动单元功能,恢复脊柱的生理功能,有效防止断钉、内固定物松动、椎体前缘高度丢失、Cobb 角变大、继发腰椎不稳、临近节段间盘退变以及椎管狭窄等并发症的发生.     

不同植入物修复Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折：Cobb’s角和伤椎前缘高度对比

背景：Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折是常见的脊柱损伤,可能会累及上终板损伤。临床上常采用骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定对其进行修复,这种方案能够有效达到矫正后凸畸形的目的,但是遭受挤压破坏的骨小梁不能得到完全恢复。 目的：观察骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定+伤椎椎体内人工骨植骨对Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折的修复效果,并与单纯骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定进行对比。 方法：回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年12月张家港澳洋医院骨科收治的70例Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者的临床资料,根据修复方案分为两组,每组35例。对照组患者行骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定,观察组患者行骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定+伤椎椎体内人工骨植骨。对比观察两组患者在修复前、修复后1周、3个月、6个月的Oswsetry功能障碍指数、伤椎前缘高度、腰背部疼痛目测类比评分以及伤椎后凸Cobb’s角。  结果与结论：修复后1周、3个月、6个月,观察组患者的目测类比评分与对照组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);但观察组患者的ODI均显著低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);观察组的伤椎体前缘高度与对照组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);但观察组患者的Cobb’s角均显著低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示骨折复位椎弓根钉置入内固定+伤椎椎体内人工骨植骨对Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折具有较好的修复效果,不仅能够有效矫正Cobb’s角和伤椎体前缘高度,还能通过对伤椎内进行骨填充,帮助脊柱正常载荷的恢复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

伤椎置钉法在胸腰椎骨折治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨伤椎置钉法对胸腰椎骨折的复位与固定效果。方法对38例胸腰椎骨折椎双侧或一侧椎弓根完整、椎体下半部及下终板无爆裂患者,通过伤椎植入椎弓根螺钉,在后路行椎间撑开、连接钉棒使伤椎复位的过程中,使伤椎获得垂直向前的推顶力,以期恢复伤椎前柱高度和后凸Cobb角的矫正,达到局部的应力平衡。所有患者外伤至手术时间为1～10d,平均5.1d。结果术后随访6～40个月,平均18个月。后凸Cobb角由术前平均25.4°恢复至术后平均2.3°;椎体前缘由术前正常椎体平均高度的58.8%矫正至术后正常椎体平均高度的90.3%;伤椎脱位均基本复位,无椎间隙过度撑开、内固定物松动断裂现象;33例合并圆锥、马尾神经损伤的病例,术后神经功能按Frankel分级比较,31例(93.9%)有1～3级的改善。6例术后15～18个月行内固定物取出术,见后外侧植骨融合良好。结论伤椎置钉法是安全的,可有效地使伤椎获得良好复位与固定,有利于维持矫正效果、减少内固定的松动或断裂。     

伤椎椎弓根植骨加短节段椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗老年人胸腰椎骨折

背景：传统椎弓根内固定系统加后外侧植骨融合治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折易发生复位角度、高度丢失,迟发性神经损伤,内固定松动。 目的：观察经骨折椎椎弓根植骨联合椎弓根内固定治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的方法和效果。 方法：采用经骨折椎椎弓根植骨结合短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗60岁以上老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者32例。评价患者内固定置入前、后及随访时椎体高度、后凸角、椎管内占位,神经功能改变及腰背疼痛等变化。 结果与结论：32例病例均随访6个月以上。无断钉及内固定物松动,椎体高度、后凸角、椎管内占位、神经功能及腰背疼痛明显改善,且椎体高度、后凸角、椎管内占位无明显再丢失。提示经骨折椎椎弓根植骨联合椎弓根内固定,能同时恢复椎体高度及强度,能即时增加椎体的骨容量和脊柱的稳定性,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、断棒、椎体高度丢失等并发症。     

后路椎弓根钉置入内固定结合自体骨植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折：12个月后伤椎椎体高度随访

背景：随着生物力学和内固定材料领域的迅猛发展,经椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折已成为此类骨折的主要治疗手段。 目的：观察后路椎弓根钉固定结合自体骨植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效及相关影响因素。 方法：纳入经后路椎弓根钉固定结合自体骨植骨治疗的胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者47例,测量治疗前后的美国脊髓损伤协会分级和目测类比评分、治疗前后、随访12个月时椎体前后缘压缩率、Cobb角和Oswestry 功能障碍指数分值。 结果与结论：患者均获得随访,治疗后47例患者疼痛均明显缓解,伤椎椎体高度恢复。55%的患者美国脊髓损伤协会分级恢复一二级;与治疗前比较,椎体前缘压缩率、后缘压缩率、Cobb角均显著降低(P < 0.05)。随访12个月时,各项指标有略微的升高,但差异无显著性意义(P >0.05)。说明后路椎弓根钉固定结合自体骨植骨可维持椎体高度,重建脊柱稳定性;影响患者末次随访Oswestry 功能障碍指数分值的相关因素为治疗前和随访12个月椎体前缘压缩率。     

经椎弓根植骨短节段钉棒固定治疗胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折

目的:探讨后路复位固定、经椎弓根椎体内植骨术,治疗脊柱胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折的疗效.方法:经伤椎椎弓根孔道将骨粒植入椎体并用短节段钉棒固定治疗胸腰段椎体压缩性骨折12例,观察手术前后及随访期椎体高度丢失情况.结果:本组患者术后x线片显示Cobb角平均矫正19.5°,椎体高度丢失恢复近50%.随访4～24个月,平均10个月.骨折均愈合,愈合时间3～6个月.术后3个月时患者腰背疼痛VAS评分平均减少6.5分,Cobb角增大0.1°,椎体高度减少2%,钉棒无松动、断裂.结论:经椎弓根植骨钉棒固定治疗脊柱胸腰段压缩性骨折,操作简单、安全、疗效确切,是防止术后矫正度数丢失、应力集中致钉棒断裂等并发症的有效方法之一.     

The use of quantitative ultrasound to monitor fracture healing: a feasibility study using phantoms

Fracture healing has traditionally been monitored subjectively using manual manipulation of the fracture site and evaluation of radiographic images. A more objective method of monitoring would provide obvious advantages, allowing healing progress to be quantitatively assessed and so providing the opportunity for early detection of problems. A tibia phantom was used to investigate whether the longitudinal propagation velocity of ultrasound across a fracture site could be used quantitatively to assess fracture healing. The characteristic of fracture healing simulated by the phantom was the changing gap between the bone ends at the fracture site. The ultrasound velocity was measured using a recently developed machine, the SoundScan 2000 (Myriad Ultrasound Systems Ltd, Israel). The precision of the SoundScan 2000 was found to be 0.4% in vitro. Ultrasound velocity predicted the simulated fracture gap with a high degree of accuracy (R²=0.994). The measured and the theoretically calculated velocity for different widths between the simulated bone ends was found to be highly correlated with a coefficient of determination of 0.998. This result shows that the use of quantitative ultrasound to monitor fracture healing warrants further investigation in vivo.     

Clinical fractures cluster in time after initial fracture

A history of fractures is a well recognised risk factor for a new clinical fracture. However, this subsequent fracture risk is not constant, but fluctuates over time, with the greatest increase in the years immediately after the initial fracture, followed by a gradual waning of risk toward the population risk. The clustering of fractures occurred regardless of age, gender and initial fracture location. It is therefore likely that fracture risk models, which take into account this fluctuation of fracture risk over time, will be more relevant in predicting an individual's subsequent fracture risk. Regardless of the cause of this clustering, these studies all strongly support the need for early action after an initial fracture to reduce the preventable risk of subsequent fractures with medical interventions that have been shown to immediately decrease the risk of fractures.     

髋部骨折临床治疗与效果分析

目的探讨髋部骨折的临床治疗。方法我院2016年6月至2017年7月我院住院治疗的髋部骨折66例,参照AO分类法分型。其中56例行手术治疗,10例未行手术。手术组中粗隆间骨折27例28髋,股骨近端解剖锁定板固定1例,全髋置换1例,PFNA内固定25例26髋;股骨颈骨折29例,空芯加压螺钉固定8例,半髋置换18例,全髋置换3例;手术前后采用Harris评分对照。结果手术组56例患者中,1例股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定位置欠佳但术后获得无痛髋,其余手术患者髋关节功能都获得恢复,Harris评分由术前的(39.43±5.06)分提高到术后的(84.54±10.35)分,P<0.01,具有显著的统计学差异。未手术的10例髋部骨折均为粗隆间骨折,2例建议保守治疗,随访中达到骨愈合;4例建议手术而患者未手术,半年内死亡2例,另2例轮椅代步;4例不建议手术的半年内3例死亡,1例仍卧床或轮椅代步。结论髋部骨折的积极手术治疗对于恢复患者的运动功能具有重要意义。     

跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗临床分析

目的探讨手术治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法 30例32侧有移位跟骨关节内骨折,采用外侧入路切开复位钢板内固定术治疗,观察分析骨折愈合及并发症发生情况。结果随访8～34个月,平均16个月。按Maryland足部评分标准,优17侧,良10侧,可3侧,差2侧,优良率为81%。结论有移位的跟骨关节内骨折,切开复位、钢板内固定,疗效满意。     

万向式骨外固定器治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床应用

目的评价万向式骨外固定器治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法应用万向式桡骨远端骨外固定器治疗159例（145人次）桡骨远端不稳定骨折,53例因骨折严重外加克氏针固定,11例因关节面塌陷骨缺损同时采取植骨。结果随访时间12～28个月,平均随访18．12个月,按Dienst等推荐的测量方法制定的解剖评估标准、功能评估标准及影像学评估标准,解剖复位优良者147例,优良率92．45％;功能优良者148例,优良率93．08％。结论应用万向式骨外固定器治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折是目前理想的手术方法。同时验证了此万向式骨外固定器的灵活性、可操作性及固定后的稳定性,尤其适合于广大基层医院推广。     

累及内踝后丘的特殊型三踝骨折的临床治疗

目的探讨累及内踝后丘的特殊三踝骨折的损伤机制、手术方法和治疗效果。方法自2007年1月~2010年1月间,手术治疗累及内踝后丘的闭合三踝骨折共19例。其中6例合并踝关节后脱位,7例合并踝关节后半脱位。急诊先予踝关节复位并做跟骨牵引维持,外伤后平均4天施行手术治疗,经踝关节后方双侧入路,根据骨块大小和关节稳定程度以及软骨面的塌陷情况,分别采用后侧支撑钢板或多枚拉力螺钉固定。术后踝关节中立位支具或石膏固定并卧床2~3周,约3月后完全负重行走。结果17例获随访,随访时间12~24个月,切口均正常愈合,骨折愈合时间6~10周。术后一年采用AOFAS踝-后足评分,平均92.6分,未见踝关节不稳征象。结论累及内踝后丘的三踝骨折,常伴有胫骨远端关节面塌陷和踝关节后脱位或半脱位,其损伤机制可能不属于Lauge-Hansen分型。手术采用俯卧位经踝关节后方双侧入路,伴有胫骨远端后内侧关节面塌陷时需先复位,然后依次复位内踝、后踝和外踝,可以获得良好的临床疗效。     

Effects of leptin on femoral fracture in rats

In this study, our objective was to evaluate effects of leptin on fracture healing in rats. Seventy two male SpragueDawley (SD) rats were randomized into 3 groups. Standardized femoral fractures were created in all the rats. Group A was treated with 1 mL normal saline (NS), group B with 0.3 μg/kg leptin in 1 mL NS, and group C with 0.5 μg/kg leptin in 1 mL NS for 2 weeks intraperitoneally. Each group was divided into three subgroups including 8 rats for evaluation at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Radiological evaluation showed that callus formation of group B and C was all significantly higher than group A at 8 weeks (P = 0.04 and P = 0.013, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in fracture healing between group B and group C at 8 weeks (P = 0.197). Histological evaluation revealed fracture healing of group B and C was better than group A at 4 weeks (P = 0.01 and P = 0.002, respectively) and 8 weeks (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003, respectively). Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analysis demonstrated that greater amounts of bony callus and evidence of bone fusion were observed in group B and C at 4 weeks (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) and 8 weeks (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively) compared to group A. Group C also had better fracture healing than group B at 8 weeks (P = 0.01). In conclusion, leptin has a positive effect on rat femoral fracture healing.     

Treatment of Medial Epicondyle Fracture without Associated Elbow Dislocation in Older Children and Adolescents

Purpose

Displaced medial humeral epicondyle fractures with or without elbow dislocation have been treated with open reduction and fixation using K-wires or screws. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of surgical treatments of medial humeral epicondyle fracture without elbow dislocation according to the fixation methods.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-one patients who had undergone open reduction and fixation of the displaced medial humeral epicondyle fracture without elbow dislocation were included. Group I consisted of 21 patients who underwent fixation with K-wires, and Group II comprised 10 patients who underwent fixation with cannulated screws. Immediate postoperative, final follow-up and normal anteroposterior radiographs were compared and the clinical outcome was assessed using the final Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) elbow assessment score.

Results

On the immediate postoperative radiographs, the distal humeral width in Group II was larger than that in Group I. On the final follow-up radiographs, the epicondylar position in Group I was lower than that in Group II. There was no significant difference in the distal humeral width, epicondylar position and joint space tilt between the immediate postoperative, final follow-up radiographs and the normal side within each group. There was no significant difference in the final JOA score between groups.

Conclusion

Open reduction followed by K-wire fixation or screw fixation of the displaced medial humeral epicondyle fracture without elbow dislocation in older children and adolescents resulted in improved radiologic outcome and good elbow function in spite of diverse radiologic deformities.     

锁骨中外段骨折应用克氏针逆向内固定的治疗

目的探讨锁骨中外段骨折应用克氏针逆向内固定的治疗效果。方法对36例锁骨中外段骨折行克氏针逆向内固定治疗,其中将克氏针尾端在锁骨骨折近端穿出、折弯后,埋于胸前皮下。结果 32例获随访2个月至1年,患者术后均恢复顺利,无不适症状。结论应用克氏针逆向内固定治疗锁骨中外段骨折,患者术后恢复快,疗效肯定,且二次手术取出内固定物时更简便。特别适合在基层医院应用。     

后Pilon骨折及关节面夹层骨块诊疗进展

后Pilon骨折是由压缩暴力伴或不伴有旋转暴力引起的胫骨远端关节面骨折,其影像学特点为后踝骨折线沿胫骨远端冠状面延伸至内踝后丘,多合并踝关节后脱位、外踝骨折和软骨损伤。目前各研究者对于后Pilon骨折手术入路、复位顺序及内固定方式仍持有不同观点,尤其对关节面夹层骨块的处理是当前临床治疗的争论焦点。本文根据现有文献对后Pilon骨折的诊断分型、手术方式,尤其是关节面夹层骨块的显露和处理,以及相应的术后疗效作一综述。