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1.
目的了解农村居民高血压患病情况及其与体重指数(BMI)的关系。方法对广州市某农村602名≥15岁村民进行问卷调查及身高、体重和血压的测量,资料采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析。结果调查人群高血压的总患病率为18.91%,其中男性为20.10%,女性为18.39%,男性与女性高血压患病率均随着年龄的增加而增加。BMI与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)存在显著正相关。肥胖患病率男性高于女性,但是女性血压与BMI的相关性高于男性,特别是在肥胖组(BMI≥25)。在低体重组(BMI〈18.5),血压与BMI无显著相关性。结论广州农村≥15岁人群高血压患病率较高,且肥胖与高血压患病正相关,BMI控制在正常范围对控制高血压有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨城乡结合部居民高血压的流行趋势、主要危险因素。方法采样分层随机抽样法,抽取白云区江高镇、石井街和永平街共12个居委会683名16~69岁农村和城镇居民进行高血压流行病特征及相关危险因素调查,采用EpiData3.1软件进行数据双录入,采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行统计分析。结果白云区城乡结合部居民高血压总患病率为15.67%,标化患病率为14.29%。高血压患病率随年龄增长呈增高趋势,高体质指数(BMI)为高血压的危险因素。结论白云区城乡结合部居民高血压患病率高于全省平均水平,男性发病年龄早于女性,高血压已经对居民的健康构成威胁,因此应采取相应的干预措施预防该人群高血压的发生。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨深圳市体检人群不同性别、年龄组代谢综合症(MS)诊断及其相关危险因素流行病学分布特点。方法按照2004年中华医学会推荐诊断标准,对收集到的8884名体检人员的体重、身高、血压、空腹血糖及血脂进行不同性别、年龄组MS诊断及其相关危险因素流行病学分布特点分析。结果 MS患病人数1412,总患病率为15.89%,其中男性患病率为19.98%,女性患病率为11.52%,患病率在50岁之前,男性明显高于女性,61岁以后女性高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。高血压患病率男女分别为21.90%、15.17%,高空腹血糖患病率男女分别为7.10%、4.73%,高甘油三酯(TG)患病率男女分别为44.32%、22.10%,高BMI患病率男女分别为39.07%、18.32%,均为男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。高甘油三酯血症、肥胖患病率最高;各代谢危险因素间有相关性(P〈0.001)。结论深圳市体检人群MS患病率高,特别是青年男性、老年女性,主要危险因素为高甘油三酯血症、肥胖。  相似文献   

4.
目的:分析东乡族成人围度特点及其与血压间的关系。方法:采用随机整群抽样法选取甘肃临夏州东乡县 东乡族成年居民1 160 名,测量研究对象血压及颈围、胸围、腰围、腹围、臀围、大腿围、小腿围及上臂围等指 标,并分析收缩压、舒张压与围度的关系。 结果:东乡族男性及女性不同年龄段各围度指标差异均有统计学意义; 东乡族成人高血压检出率为27.41%,其中男性、女性分别为29.05%、26.47% ;多元线性回归分析显示,性别、 年龄、颈围、腰围是东乡族成人收缩压的影响因素,舒张压与年龄、颈围及上臂围呈正相关。结论:东乡族成人 高血压患病率略高于全国城市平均水平,但低于全国农村水平;颈围、腰围及上臂围均可作为预测血压的围度指标。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解临夏市少数民族地区代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)患病率现况及危险因素构成比调查分析.方法 采用多级分层整群抽样的方法,选择临夏市健康体检者1357名作为研究对象;采用改良美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗专家组(ATPⅢ)标准、中华医学会糖尿病学分会(CDS) 标准以及国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)标准;用Olympus5400全自动生化分析仪测定生化指标;SPSS 22.0统计软件分析数据.结果 采用ATPⅢ标准:临夏市总MS患病率为26.01%,男性为32.56%、女性16.21%.采用CDS标准:临夏市总患病率为12.97%,男性18.18%、女性5.16%.IDF标准:临夏市总患病率为12.45%,男性15.60%、女性7.74%.无论采用那类标准,男性患病率高于女性.临夏市健康体检人群各组分之间以IDF为标准FPG/TG/血压异常组合构成比最高,为84.62%;其次CDS为标准的FPG/TG/HDL-C异常组合构成比最高,为81.82%;ATPⅢ标准下FPG/TG/HDL-C/腰围(BMI)构成比最低,为8.86%;CDS标准下TG/HDL-C/血压构成比最低,为12.50%;IDF为标准下FPG/HDL-C/血压/腰围(BMI)、TG/HDL-C/血压/腰围(BMI)构成比最低为10.06%.结论 临夏市MS患病率相对于国内其他地区均处于较高水平,MS已成为影响临夏市居民健康的重大公共卫生问题.对于长期居住在临夏市的市民要积极采取预防控制措施,改变高糖、高蛋白饮食习惯,提倡科学的生活方式,降低MS患病率,减少心脑血管疾病发生的危险因素.  相似文献   

6.
背景:为早期预防高血压、减少和延缓高血压的发生人数,高血压前期的调查十分重要,但目前国内大规模人群调查中,有关对高血压前期的研究报道较少。目的:对比北京城市和农村高血压前期的流行情况及其危险因素,探讨城市化对高血压前期的影响,为预防和控制提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样的方法于2005年春秋两季对北京市城市和农村的40~65岁人群中进行横断面调查。采集受试者的基本信息和血压情况,诊断标准依据2005年中国高血压防治指南。采用Logistic回归方法进行多因素分析。结果与结论:完成问卷和体检的3268人中,城市受试者高血压前期的患病率低于农村受试者(P0.05)。男性腰臀比每增加0.1个单位,高血压前期的风险增加1.411(95%CI:1.031~1.931)倍,现在饮酒的人为高血压前期的风险是从不饮酒的0.648(95%CI:0.437~0.961)倍。女性腰臀比每增加0.1个单位,高血压前期的风险增加1.489(95%CI:1.006~2.203)倍,而三酰甘油每增加1个单位,高血压前期的风险增加1.194(95%CI:1.000~1.426)倍。因此说明肥胖是高血压前期重要的危险因素。  相似文献   

7.
目的:观察东营市40~79岁人群高血压前期患者的城乡现患率差异.比较及合并不同心血管危险因素时高血压前期患者的城乡分布情况.方法:采取整群随机抽样方法,2015年至2016年对东营市2个社区和2个农村的40~79岁人群进行问卷调查,并测量身高、体重、体重指数、血压,采集清晨空腹静脉血检测空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、血同型半胱氨酸.结果:所有完成研究的4 109人中,高血压前期患者1 287人,现患率为31.32%,男性患者582人(31.34%),女性705人(31.31%),性别间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.0006,P>0.05).城市高血压前期现患率为41.63%,农村为20.32%,差异有统计学意义(x2=216.620,P<0.001).高血压前期人群合并高同型半胱氨酸血症的现患率最高,为76.38%,城市现患率低于农村(74.41%vs.80.69%),差异有统计学意义(x2=6.0739,P<0.05),城市男性与农村男性、城市女性与农村女性之间现患率差异均无统计学意义.高血压前期人群中,城市吸烟率高于农村(36.24% vs.27.97%),差异有统计学意义(x2=8.491,P<0.05);城市女性吸烟率为农村女性的2.35倍(21.76%vs.9.25%),差异有统计学意义(x2=16.5028,P<0.05).城市高血压前期合并肥胖人群高于农村(23.67% vs.17.57%),差异有统计学意义(x2=6.0491,P<0.05),且城市男性高于农村男性(24.44%vs.12.99%),差异有统计学意义(x2=9.7466,P<0.05).高血压前期合并血脂异常、糖代谢异常时,城乡之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:高同型半胱氨酸血症和血脂异常是高血压前期人群最主要合并的危险因素.应重点干预农村高血压前期合并高同型半胱氨酸血症的居民.高血压前期现患率与日常生活习惯密切相连,因此高血压前期的防治应结合城镇及农村高血压前期的危险因素的流行特征,有针对性的制定防治策略和措施.  相似文献   

8.
关秀萍 《微循环学杂志》2010,20(4):44-45,48
目的:了解武汉某高校教职工体教检人群的高血压检出情况及相关危险因素,为社区高血压综合防治措施的制定提供科学依据。方法:对该校职工进行血压测量并收集相关危险因素,用SAS软件包进行统计分析。结果:健康体检6504人中,高血压患者1959人,检出率为30.12%。其中男性检出率为33.30%,女性检出率为26.20%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且其检出率随年龄增高而递增。广义线性模型分析显示,年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、糖尿病史、高血糖、高血尿酸和高胆固醇血症为该校教职工高血压的相关危险因素。结论:在饮食调整基础上,降低BMI、控制血糖、血脂和血尿酸是该校教职工防治高血压的重要措施。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨绝经后女性正常高值血压的危险因素。方法以2015年4月在内蒙古呼和浩特市赛罕区健康档案的非高血压女性人群共计2 592人,平均年龄(43±12)岁,其中未绝经女性1 895名,(37±8)岁,绝经女性697名,(58±6)岁为研究对象,通过t检验、χ~2检验和Logistic回归等方法分析绝经女性正常高值血压相关危险因素。结果绝经组收缩压、舒张压、体质指数(BMI)、空腹血糖、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白水平较未绝经组明显升高(P0.05);绝经组正常高值血压患病率、超重、肥胖患病率、空腹血糖受损患病率、糖尿病患病率、血脂异常患病率、三酰甘油异常患病率和低密度脂蛋白异常患病率均较未绝经组明显升高(P0.05);年龄段在55~59岁、60~64岁和65岁以上,超重、肥胖、空腹血糖受损和糖尿病为正常高值血压的独立危险因素。结论年龄≥55岁、超重、肥胖、空腹血糖受损和糖尿病为绝经女性正常高值血压的独立危险因素。  相似文献   

10.
陈曙 《医学信息》2010,23(1):171-172
目的了解农村60岁以上的老年人高血压患病情况及生活方式对高血压的影响。方法2008年9月对江苏泗洪县农村60岁以上570位老年人进行高血压病患病情况进行调查分析。结果调查570人,检出高血压病239人(检出率为42%),高于全国调查结果。男性患病率高于女性.且饮酒、吸烟、高血脂等高血压危险因素的患病率较女性高,同样冠。病和脑血管病的患病率也高于女性。结论大多农村居民普遍对健康问题不重视.饮食结构不合理,对高血压病知识防治意识差等,是导致高血压发病率升高的主要原因,应该在该人群中开展高血压病健康教育。  相似文献   

11.
Background: Obesity is increasing rapidly in Africa, and may not be associated with the same changes in body composition among different ethnic groups in Africa.

Objective: To assess abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness, prevalence of obesity, and differences in body composition in rural and urban Kenya.

Subjects and methods: In a cross-sectional study carried out among Luo, Kamba and Maasai in rural and urban Kenya, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat thicknesses were measured by ultrasonography. Height and weight, waist, mid-upper arm circumferences, and triceps skinfold thickness were measured. Body mass index (BMI), arm fat area (AFA) and arm muscle area (AMA) were calculated.

Results: Among 1430 individuals (58.3% females) aged 17–68 years, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat, BMI, AFA and waist circumference (WC) increased with age, and were highest in the Maasai and in the urban population. AMA was only higher with increasing age among males. The prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25) (39.8% vs. 15.8%) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) (15.5% vs. 5.1%) was highest in the urban vs. rural population.

Conclusion: Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness was higher with urban residency. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was found. The Maasai had the highest overall fat accumulation.  相似文献   

12.
Kazakhstan is undergoing a rapid modernization process, which carries the risk of an epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease. We enrolled a sample of about 50 children for every combination of gender, environment (urban vs. rural), ethnic group (Kazakh vs. Russian), and age group from 7 to 18 years, for a total of 4,808 children. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured on all children while fasting blood cholesterol and glucose were measured only in 2,616 children aged > or =12 years. The prevalence of overweight and risk of overweight ranged from 2.8 (rural male Kazakhs) to 9.1% (urban male Russians). The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension ranged from 8.3 (urban females) to 15.9% (rural females); that of hypercholesterolemia from 11.5 (male rural Russians) to 26.5% (female rural Kazakhs); and the overall prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 0.1%. We conclude that overweight and cardiovascular risk factors are less prevalent in children living in Kazakhstan than in those living in Western countries. However, these figures are not negligible and suggest that preventive measures are needed to contain the epidemic of overweight and cardiovascular disease that will most likely accompany the modernization of Kazakhstan in the next years.  相似文献   

13.
李晶  傅宁薇  范宁  马威  徐飞 《解剖学报》2020,51(6):945-950
目的 探讨云南省丽江市纳西、普米、傈僳族的肥胖流行状况和高血压的患病情况,并计算身体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、内脏脂肪等级的临界点来预警高血压,为高血压防治工作提供参考。方法 选取18~90岁纳西、普米、傈僳族1471名,采用活体测量的方法对其身体形态指标进行测量,并测量血压,使用 Logistic 回归分析肥胖对高血压的影响,以BMI、腰围、内脏脂肪等级绘制各民族受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。使用IBM SPSS 24.0统计学软件对数据进行处理。结果 688名纳西族中肥胖108人(15.7%),腹型肥胖385人(56%),内脏脂肪超标197人(28.5%);513名普米族中肥胖46人(9%),腹型肥胖279人(54.4%),内脏脂肪超标113人(22%);270名傈僳族中肥胖率24人(8.9%),腹型肥胖121人(44.8%),内脏脂肪超标54人(20%)。3个民族肥胖、腹型肥胖、内脏脂肪超标的总体分布差异均存在统计学意义(χ2=15.724、10.007、10.886,P<0.05)。纳西族肥胖、腹型肥胖、内脏脂肪超标率最高(P<0.05)。高血压患病601人(40.9%),腹型肥胖和内脏脂肪超标是高血压的危险因素(OR=0.676, 0.456,P<0.05)。可选用BMI、腰围、内脏脂肪等级预警高血压(AUC >0.5, P<0.05)。结论 纳西族、普米族和傈僳族的肥胖率等处于较高水平,可通过监测腰围和BMI来预防高血压的发病并对提早防治高血压具有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
目的 探讨中国北方、南方汉族体重的差异。方法 2009年~2013年在中国50个地区测量了26 954例(乡村成人16 503例,城市成人10 451例)汉族成年人的体重值,比较中国北方、南方汉族体重的差异。 结果 u 检验显示,北方汉族[乡村男性为 (66.3±10.7) kg,城市男性为(70.9±11.0)kg,乡村女性为(58.4±9.6)kg,城市女性为(59.5±9.2) kg]体重均大于南方汉族[乡村男性为 (62.6±10.1)kg,城市男性为(65.7±10.1) kg,乡村女性为(53.6±8.4) kg,城市女性为 (55.4±8.6 )kg ](P<0.01)。 结论 北方汉族男性身材较高,腹围较大、背部皮下脂肪较厚是其体重重于南方汉族男性的原因。北方汉族女性的身高、上肢骨宽度、腹部和胸部的围度、四肢与躯干的皮下脂肪大于南方汉族,是其体重重于南方汉族女性的原因。  相似文献   

15.
One hundred and ninety-four subjects aged 65-78 years from rural and urban areas of the south-western region of Nigeria have been surveyed for height, weight, upper arm, hip and waist circumferences. The 24-hour dietary recall technique was also employed to assess their dietary energy intake. In both rural and urban cohorts, male subjects were significantly taller and weighed more (p < 0.05) than female subjects. There were no significant differences in the height of rural groups and their respective urban groups, although urban males and females weighed significantly (p < 0.05) more than their respective rural counterparts. Mean body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.4 to 21.1 kg m(-2), and 73% of all subjects had a BMI below 20% and 10% were below 18.5. Waist, hip and upper arm circumferences of urban cohorts consistently exceeded those of rural subjects, although only for females were these differences statistically (p < 0.05) significant. Significant differences observed in the energy intake (per kg body weight) are offered as one explanation for the superior anthropometric indices of urban as compared with rural elderly in Nigeria.  相似文献   

16.
Age variation in blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension were studied in relation to sex and urbanization in a caste population of southern Andhra Pradesh living in rural, semi‐urban, and urban locales. There is an increase in mean blood pressure from rural to semi‐urban areas, and a slight but insignificant decline in urban men. Sex differences in mean blood pressure are significant only in the urban and semi‐urban environments. However, the increase in blood pressure with age is sharper in women than in men, and age effects are more perceptible in the urban setting compared to the other two environments. Similarly, age influences SBP more strongly than DBP. The prevalence of hypertension is greater in urban than in rural areas, at older ages (≥45 years), and in men compared to women. Results of multiple logistic regression suggest that urban residence and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of hypertension in men. Higher risk for hypertension in women is more significantly associated with older age (≥45) and obesity (BMI >25). The results indicate that blood pressure and hypertension are more strongly correlated with the indices of modernization and associated lifestyle patterns in men than in women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:744–752, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

17.
The prevalence pattern of hypertension in developing countries is different from that in the developed countries. In India, a very large, populous and typical developing country, community surveys have documented that between three and six decades, prevalence of hypertension has increased by about 30 times among urban dwellers and by about 10 times among the rural inhabitants. Various factors might have contributed to this rising trend and among others, consequences of urbanization such as change in life style pattern, diet and stress, increased population and shrinking employment have been implicated. In this paper, we study the prevalence of hypertension in an urban community of India using the JNC VII criteria, with the aim of identifying the risk factors and suggesting intervention strategies. A total of 1609 respondents out of 1662 individuals participated in our cross-sectional survey of validated and structured questionnaire followed by blood pressure measurement. Results showed pre-hypertensive levels of blood pressures among 35.8% of the participants in systolic group (120-139mm of Hg) and 47.7% in diastolic group (80-89 mm of Hg). Systolic hypertension (140 mm of Hg) was present in 40.9% and diastolic hypertension (90 mm of Hg) in 29.3% of the participants. Age and sex-specific prevalence of hypertension showed progressive rise of systolic and diastolic hypertension in women when compared to men. Men showed progressive rise in systolic hypertension beyond fifth decade of life. Bivariate analysis showed significant relationship of hypertension with age, sedentary occupation, body mass index (BMI), diet, ischemic heart disease, and smoking. Multivariate analysis revealed age and BMI as risk factors, and non-vegetarian diet as protective factor with respect to hypertension. Prevalence of prehypertensives was high among younger subjects - particularly students and laborers who need special attention. Role of non-vegetarian diet as a protective factor might have been related to fish-eating behavior of the sample population, who also use mustard oil as cooking medium - both of which have significant level of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. The observed prevalence of hypertension in this study and other studies suggest the need for a comprehensive national policy to control hypertension in India, and, in other similar developing countries.  相似文献   

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