单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换术早中期临床疗效探讨

目的探讨单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换术早、中期临床疗效。方法对我院28例颈椎病患者分别经单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换术、颈椎前路减压钛网植入内固定融合术治疗,13例患者行单节段颈椎人工椎间盘假体置换（B ryan置换组）,15例行传统颈前路单节段椎间盘切除减压钛网植骨融合内固定（钛网植入内固定融合组）。术后6周、3个月、6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月进行随访,平均随访21个月。并适时复查拍摄颈椎前屈后伸动力位X线片,观察置换组假体稳定性及融合组融合节段骨性融合情况。同时进行术后系列调查评分,统计并发症发生率,对治疗结果进行回顾性统计分析。结果单节段钛网植入内固定融合手术组术后早期吞咽困难、颈痛、上肢疼痛等发生率比单节段B ryan人工颈椎间盘置换手术组明显要高（P〈0.05）,单节段钛网植入内固定融合组术后邻近节段的活动度较术前明显增大（P〈0.05）;而单节段B ryan人工颈椎间盘置换组置换前后邻近节段活动范围无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换术后早期并发症减少,中期能保护相邻节段退变,与传统减压钛网植入内固定融合术相比治疗效果有一定提高。     

人工椎盘置换术与脊柱融合术治疗颈椎病的临床探析

目的比较人工椎盘置换术与脊柱融合术治疗颈椎病的临床疗效研究。方法选取我院自2010年接收的80例颈椎病患者,按住院时间先后分组,对照组为40例患者,治疗者也为40例患者。对照组采用颈前路椎间盘切除减压植骨融合术,治疗组采用人工颈椎椎间盘置换术。结果置换组术后脊髓功能明显改善,JOA评分为10.5,（P<0.05）,融合组术后脊髓功能明显改善,JOA评分为9.6,（P<0.05）。置换组和融合组之间比较显示：术前置换节段及邻近节段的ROM无显著性差异,而术后随访置换组邻近节段的ROM 则显著小于融合组,有统计学意义（P<0.05）。置换节段术前和术后的差异无统计学意义。结论人工颈椎椎间盘置换术和颈前路减压融合术在治疗颈椎病时早中期疗效显著,但在术后的并发症中人工颈椎椎间盘置换可以保持整个颈椎及邻近节段避免退变,短期疗效显著,长期疗效还有待观察研究。     

颈椎人工间盘置换与前路减压融合修复单节段颈椎间盘突出症:3年随访

背景:前路减压融合是修复颈椎退行性椎间盘突出症的良好选择,但有报道显示融合可使颈椎邻近阶段的运动受到影响。人工椎间盘置换不仅能发挥缓解颈椎病神经症状和体征的作用,还能保持颈椎的稳定和节段活动,减少邻近节段继发性退变。而目前两种方法应用于颈椎退行性椎间盘突出症仍存在争议。目的:探讨颈椎人工间盘置换与前路减压融合修复单节段颈椎间盘突出症的近期效果。方法:纳入因颈椎间盘突出导致单节段神经根型或脊髓型颈椎病而需手术治疗并且获得了3个月以上随访的48例患者进行回顾性分析。根据修复方案分为两组,置换组21例采用Prestige LP人工颈椎间盘置换,融合组27例采用强生椎间融合器或异体腓骨环行椎间盘融合。患者治疗后1周及3,6,12,24,36个月医院门诊随访,记录随访过程中并发症发生情况。采用颈部和上肢疼痛目测类比评分评估患者的疼痛情况,治疗效果评价采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分法,治疗后临床症状改善和日常功能状态采用颈椎功能障碍指数评价。结果与结论:末次随访融合组融合率为93%(25/27)。组内比较,治疗后1周及末次随访时,颈部及上肢目测类比评分、颈椎功能障碍指数均低于治疗前,J OA评分高于治疗前(P0.05);末次随访时颈部及上肢目测类比评分、颈椎功能障碍指数均低于治疗后1周,JOA评分高于治疗后1周(P0.05)。治疗后各时间点两组上述指标差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。置换组治疗后颈椎活动度及手术节段活动度明显高于融合组,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。两组均未出现严重并发症,两组患者并发症发生率差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。提示颈椎人工间盘置换与前路减压融合修复单节段颈椎间盘突出症在患者症状缓解方面效果相同。人工椎间盘置换相对于融合技术具有保持颈椎稳定和置换节段活动度的优势。     

零切迹椎间融合固定器与传统颈前路钢板Cage融合内固定治疗双节段颈椎病的比较

文题释义： 零切迹椎间融合固定器：放入椎间隙内的融合器带斜向螺钉孔,通过孔置入螺钉可固定相邻椎体,且螺钉尾部沉入融合器内,椎体前方无内植物外露。 传统颈椎前路钢板及Cage：前路行手术治疗减压患者椎间隙后,处理上下终板,于椎间隙内放入预填充骨块的Cage,于椎体前方安放钢板螺钉固定相邻椎体。 背景：颈前路减压植骨融合是治疗颈椎病的一种经典手术方式,目前可选择零切迹椎间融合固定器与传统颈前路钢板、Cage作为内固定融合材料。与传统颈前路钢板固定系统相比,零切迹椎间融合固定器具有术后对食管干扰小、降低术后吞咽困难发生率、避免钢板过长或位置不佳损伤临近节段椎间盘等优势。 目的：比较零切迹椎间融合固定器Zero-P与传统颈前路钢板Cage融合内固定治疗双节段颈椎病的安全性和有效性。 方法：回顾性分析成都市第三人民医院2016年5月至2018年5月行颈椎前路减压植骨治疗的60例双节段颈椎病患者的临床资料,根据融合方式分为2组,Zero-P组采用Zero-P融合固定,钢板组采用颈椎前路钢板固定联合Cage置入,每组30例。2组患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。采用日本骨科学会评分、颈部功能障碍指数、Bazaz吞咽功能评分评估临床疗效;行颈椎X射线、颈椎CT检查,测量颈椎曲度,观察植骨融合情况以及内植物移位、松动及断裂等并发症发生情况。 结果与结论：①60例患者均顺利完成手术,术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,无神经损伤、食管瘘、脑脊液漏等严重并发症发生;②在术后随访中,2组患者颈部功能障碍指数及日本骨科学会评分、植骨融合率差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③Zero-P组患者吞咽困难发生率和严重程度在术后各随访时间点均低于钢板组(P均< 0.05);④术后6个月及末次随访,钢板组患者在颈椎整体曲度和手术节段曲度方面均优于Zero-P(P < 0.05);⑤提示双节段Zero-P椎间融合是一种安全有效的治疗方式,在手术时间、出血量、透视次数、术后吞咽困难发生率方面均优于传统颈椎前路钢板固定系统,但在颈椎曲度方面不如传统颈前路钢板系统。术前颈椎曲度明显异常的患者不推荐使用Zero-P椎间融合固定器作为内固定器械。 ORCID: 0000-0003-3584-5276(余彬) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

颈前路单节段融合钢板内固定后吞咽困难的危险因素分析

背景:吞咽困难是颈椎前路融合后早期较为常见的并发症之一,中、重度吞咽困难常会给患者造成严重影响,多种因素与融合后吞咽困难相关,但具体发病机制仍不明确。目的:探讨颈前路单节段融合钢板内固定后吞咽困难的危险因素。方法:将2011年1月至2013年6月行颈前路单节段融合钢板内固定后发生吞咽困难的44例患者临床资料与同期相同方法融合后未发生吞咽困难的213例患者的资料对比,应用Logistic回归分析比较两组患者的一般资料(年龄、性别、民族、体质量指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压、糖尿病、病程长短、颈椎病类型)和围手术期相关资料(术中失血量、内固定因素、融合节段位置、手术时间、融合入路方向),推测可能导致融合后吞咽困难的危险因素。结果与结论:共纳入行颈前路单节段融合钢板内固定患者257例,融合后随访6-24个月,发生吞咽困难44例,发生率为17.1%,单因素分析结果显示吞咽困难与性别、年龄、融合节段位置、病程长短相关;Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示性别(女性)、年龄(60岁)、融合节段位置(C4-5、C5-6)、病程长短(12个月)为颈前路单节段融合钢板内固定后吞咽困难的危险因素,临床应给予重视并采取相应措施以减少其发生。     

椎间盘置换与前路减压植骨融合修复单节段颈椎病:中期效果评价

背景:脊柱融合是治疗颈椎病的经典方案,非融合理念的椎间盘置换为颈椎病的治疗方法增添了新的活力。颈椎间盘置换的近期疗效稳定已获国内外学者认可,但是中期疗效如何尚无定论,并且该方案与融合手术相比在融合邻近节段退行性变问题上有无差异及其原因亦值得探讨。目的:比较前路减压植骨融合内固定与颈椎间盘置换修复单节段颈椎病的中期疗效。方法:回顾性收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱外科2008年1月至2010年12月收治的114例单节段颈椎病患者,86例行前路减压植骨融合内固定,28例行人工颈椎间盘置换。比较两组患者手术时间、出血量、日本矫形外科协会(JOA)评分、颈部及上肢目测类比评分、颈椎残障功能指数(NDI)及邻近节段退变情况。根据Odom标准与JOA改善优良率评定临床疗效。结果与结论:1两组患者末次随访时JOA评分、目测类比评分、NDI均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05)。组间比较两组患者手术时间、出血量、治疗前及末次随访时JOA评分、目测类比评分、NDI及其差值差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。JOA优良率前路减压植骨融合组为86%,颈椎间盘置换组为89%;根据Odom标准优良率前路减压植骨融合组为83%,颈椎间盘置换组为93%,差异均无显著性意义(P0.05)。2末次随访时前路减压植骨融合组有22例手术邻近节段出现退变,其中上位节段15例,下位节段7例,22例中有3例因出现临床症状再次手术;颈椎间盘置换组有2例出现相邻节段退变,上位节段与下位节段各1例,无再次手术病例。提示两种方案修复单节段颈椎病的中期疗效相当,颈椎间盘置换后邻近节段退变发生率更低,颈前路减压融合后上位节段更易退变。     

人工颈椎间盘假体的应用研究进展

目前前路颈椎减压融合术（ACDF）已经广泛地应用于治疗神经根病和脊髓性颈椎病,生物力学研究发现行脊柱融合术后。手术临近节段退变加速。一些学者考虑该现象可能是由于融合术后导致临近关节活动度丢失造成,长期临床对比研究也发现颈椎间盘置换术与前路颈椎减压融合术相比,能够改善患者的临床症状。通过回顾国内外颈椎间盘置换术和关节成形术的研究进展,表明颈椎间盘置换术是一种新型的技术。与传统的融合术相比较,它具有保留节段活动度、改善临近节段载荷传递的目的。目前椎间盘置换的初步临床结果十分令人满意。     

Zero-p与Cage钛板融合术后椎前软组织肿胀程度与吞咽困难的关联研究

目的了解颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压、植骨融合术(ACDF)后椎前软组织肿胀与吞咽困难的关联,比较分析颈椎前路Zero-p椎间融合术和传统的Cage钛板融合术后椎前软组织肿胀程度和吞咽困难的发生率。方法选择2013年5月至2015年5月我科收治的单节段(C5/6)脊髓型颈椎病患者54例,其中25例患者采用Zero-p椎间融合术治疗(Zero-p组),29例患者采用传统的Cage钛板融合术治疗(Cage组);通过颈椎侧位X射线片测量患者术前、术后椎前软组织的宽度,根据肿胀程度,将患者分为肿胀组(24例)和非肿胀组(30例),比较分析2组患者吞咽困难的发生情况。比较Zero-p组和Cage组术后椎前软组织肿胀程度及吞咽困难的发生率。结果肿胀组术后吞咽困难发生率为45.8%,高于非肿胀组的13.3%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Zero-p组术后椎前软组织肿胀平均为6.22 mm,低于Cage组的9.25 mm,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Zero-p组术后吞咽困难的发生率为12.0%,低于Cage组的41.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论颈椎ACDF术后椎前软组织肿胀程度较高的患者术后吞咽困难的发生率也较高。颈椎前路Zero-p椎间融合术治疗单节段(C5/6)脊髓型颈椎病较传统的Cage钛板融合术后椎前软组织肿胀程度及吞咽困难的发生率低。     

人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路减压融合术治疗多节段颈椎病的临床疗效分析

目的探讨人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路减压融合术治疗多节段颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2013年4月因多节段颈椎病于我院行人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路融合术的18例患者临床资料,男7例,女11例;年龄37~59岁,平均47.1岁;11例患者行人工颈椎间盘置换联合椎间盘切除减压融合术,7例患者行人工颈椎间盘置换联合椎体次全切减压融合术。采用日本整形外科协会评分(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)、颈椎功能残障指数(neck disability index,NDI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价临床疗效;行颈椎正侧位、功能位X线片及颈椎CT三维重建扫描,分别测量置换节段、手术相邻节段及颈椎整体活动度,并观察融合节段融合率、内固定位置及异位骨化情况。结果术后随访18~54个月,平均26.3个月,术后各随访点患者JOA、NDI、VAS评分均较术前显著改善(P<0.05);术后24个月时置换节段活动度(8.37°±2.77°)与术前(8.23°±3.36°)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),颈椎整体活动度(41.71°±6.99°)较术前(44.91°±9.48°)显著减小,置换邻近节段活动度(9.16°±2.72°)与术前(9.41°±2.72°)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),融合邻近节段活动度(9.43°±2.6°)较术前(8.18°±2.42°)显著增加(P<0.05);术后12个月融合节段融合率100%,术后各随访点未观察到内植物松动、移位及异位骨化等并发症。结论人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路减压融合术治疗多节段颈椎病可有效缓解疼痛、改善神经功能、维持颈椎生理活动度,获得满意临床疗效。     

单节段颈椎人工椎间盘置换与前路椎间融合内固定:维持颈椎活动度和稳定性的比较

背景:单节段颈椎病的融合治疗可导致邻近节段运动范围异常加大及退行性表现等并发症。近年来许学者开始探索用非融合技术来替代传统融合治疗。颈椎人工椎间盘置换作为一种新型的前路非融合方案越来越多地应用于临床,不仅取得了较好的临床效果,还能使颈椎椎体接近生理性稳定、延缓相邻节段退变以及减少并发症发生。目的:比较单节段颈人工椎间盘置换与颈前路减压融合内固定修复颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:2011年5月至2013年5月郑州大学第一附属医院收治了59例影像学显示颈椎单节段椎间盘退变压迫脊髓或神经根并与临床症状和体征相符合的单节段颈椎病患者,因治疗方式不同随机分为颈椎人工椎间盘置换组(置换组)和颈椎前路减压融合组(融合组),其中置换组32例,融合组27例。治疗后5 d及治疗后3,6,12个月进行随访,测量脊髓功能JOA评分以及颈痛、上肢疼痛目测类比评分,观察置换节段的活动度及对相邻节段的影响。结果与结论:两组治疗后各时间段的JOA评分较治疗前增加(P0.05),目测类比评分较治疗前减少(P0.05),但两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。置换组治疗后置换节段活动度为(11.6±3.0)°,与治疗前(8.8±2.7)°。差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。融合组治疗后3个月融合基本上无明显活动。随访时置换组相邻节段活动度小于融合组(P0.05);置换组治疗前后相邻节段活动度差异无显著性意义(P0.05);而融合组治疗前后差异有显著性意义(P0.05),治疗后活动度明显增大。提示与前路减压融合比较,颈椎人工椎间盘置换不仅能改善临床症状,恢复神经功能,还能保持颈椎置换节段的活动度和稳定性,且对手术临近节段活动度无明显影响,可有效的维持颈椎曲度。     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能性的转化,成为目前研究的短板。本文就纳米颗粒/材料在分子成像及诊疗一体化中的应用现状、最新研究进展、面临的挑战和未来前景进行述评。     

T、B细胞表型抗体免疫组化敏感性与特异性分析

目的：探讨Ｔ、Ｂ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤免疫表型染色的特异性和交叉反应性。方法：应用Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组织化学方法对６２例非霍奇金淋巴瘤进行ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ７４、ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３免疫表型测定。结果：发现Ｂ细胞表型抗体ＣＤ２０和ＣＤ７４对Ｂ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤染色阳性率达８８．２％～１００％,但ＣＤ７４的特异性不强,与Ｔ细胞有２６．７％（４／１５）～３５．７％（５／１４）的交叉反应,而ＣＤ２０表现出高度的特异性,交叉反应为０。Ｔ细胞表型抗体ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３对Ｔ细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤染色阳性率达８５．７％～１００％,但ＣＤ４５ＲＯ和ＣＤ４３对Ｂ细胞的交叉反应高达４０％（６／１５）～４７．１％（８／１７）,特异性不强,而多克隆抗体ＣＤ３与Ｂ细胞仅有５．９％（１／１７）的交叉反应,表现出明显的特异性。结论：提示在进行Ｔ、Ｂ细胞免疫表型划分时,应使用一组包括ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ７４,ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ４３和ＣＤ３等抗体,ＣＤ３是一种具有高度敏感性和高度特异性的Ｔ细胞标志抗体,值得推荐。     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

小鼠肺细小动脉平滑肌细胞原代培养和鉴定以及低氧对其增殖与凋亡的影响

 目的：建立一种方法简单、重复性好、培养周期短的小鼠肺细小动脉平滑肌细胞（PASMCs）原代培养及传代方法,并初步探索低氧下小鼠PASMCs的增殖与凋亡情况。方法：无菌条件显微镜下分离小鼠肺细小动脉,经胶原酶I消化结合血清铺底法培养PASMCs。传代过程中弃除对细胞损伤大的离心步骤。倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫细胞化学法和免疫荧光染色法进行α-平滑肌肌动蛋白鉴定,CCK-8显法及TUNEL法测定低氧下PASMCs的增殖与凋亡情况。结果：形态学观察、免疫细胞化学法和免疫荧光染色法鉴定均表明培养的细胞为PASMCs。与大鼠传代后的PASMCs典型的“峰-谷”样生长相比,传代后的小鼠PASMCs形态各异,没有此典型“峰-谷”规律。原代培养后5~7 d即传代,依据细胞活性可传3~5代。CCK-8法显示,与常氧组24 h比较,低氧组A值升高（P＜0.05）。TUNEL法结果显示低氧24 h后凋亡率较常氧组下降（P＜0.05）。结论：胶原酶I消化结合血清铺底法培养小鼠PASMCs,方法简单,培养周期短,重复性好,是一种值得推广的小鼠PASMCs体外培养方法。低氧可以促进小鼠PASMCs的增殖,抑制小鼠PASMCs的凋亡。     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.