后路微型钛板内固定单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

目的探讨颈椎后路微型钛板内固定单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症﹙OPLL﹚的近期随访疗效。方法选择2009年06月~2011年02月我院行后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术并获得完整随访资料的颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者16例,手术开门减压节段均为C3~C7,"开门"侧均使用微型钛板内固定。采用JOA评分评价患者术前、术后神经功能,并计算改善率;对患者术前术后X线、CT及MRI影像学资料进行比较,分析颈椎曲度、椎管矢状径变化及脊髓压迫改善程度,并统计手术并发症。结果所有患者随访6~26个月,平均16.4个月,JOA评分从术前平均8.4±1.1分提高至术后平均13.1±1.5分,平均改善率﹙52.8±16.4﹚%,差异有统计学意义﹙<0.05﹚;术后颈椎曲度为18.2±5.1°,与术前17.4±4.2°比较无统计学差异;术前椎管矢状径平均为9.2±1.3mm,术后平均为17.4±1.8mm﹙<0.05﹚,末次随访仍能维持;16例患者术后脊髓压迫较术前均明显改善。手术并发脑脊液漏1例,C5神经根麻痹1例,轴性症状2例。结论颈椎后路微型钛板内固定单开门椎管扩大成形术是治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的一种安全有效的方法。     

颈后路单开门椎管扩大术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的研究现状与进展

颈椎管狭窄症(cervical spinal stenosis,CSS)是中老年人较为常见的疾病,多由发育性颈椎管狭窄、退变性颈椎管狭窄、多节段颈椎间盘突出、颈椎后纵韧带骨化等因素造成,手术方式包括前路手术、后路手术和前后路同期或分期手术,但对于多节段CSS后路手术仍为首选,颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术就是其中经典手术之一,然而其术后相关的并发症也逐渐引起骨科医生的关注,本文参考国内外研究文献拟从手术减压机制、椎板固定方式、椎板开门方式与术后疗效的关系和术后并发症四个方面对颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄症的研究现状与进展作一综述,为临床实践提供参考,并对其前景作一展望。     

颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病的再手术策略

目的 探讨颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病的手术治疗策略。方法 对2015年至2020年我院收治的13例颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病再手术治疗的患者进行回顾分析，采取颈椎前路Zero-P钢板固定术治疗8例单节段邻椎病，后路颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗5例2个节段邻椎病，采用JOA评分、VAS评分及NDI指数进行疗效评价，分析X线、CT或MRI影像学表现。结果 本组所有病例得到随访，平均随访11.6个月（6～24个月）。两种术式术后患者JOA评分、VAS评分、NDI指数均得到显著改善。颈椎前路Zero-P钢板术后内固定物位置良好，随访未见钢板螺钉松动，骨融合平均时间为7.6个月。颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗患者均未出现C5神经根麻痹、椎板再关门等并发症。结论颈椎前路多节段融合术后邻椎病再手术方式的选择应遵循个体化原则，单节段邻椎病且不伴严重后纵韧带骨化，可选择前路减压融合Zero-P固定术；邻椎病变节段≥2处，可选择后路单开门椎管扩大成形术。     

高龄颈椎管狭窄症手术治疗的临床研究

目的:探讨高龄(60岁以上)颈椎管狭窄症患者的手术治疗方案。方法:回顾性分析10年来我科收治的45例高龄颈椎管狭窄症的患者,根据不同病情,分别采用了颈前路骨化后纵韧带切除减压 钢板内固定 植骨术,双开门 中央植骨术,后路全椎板切除 侧块钢板内固定术。按JOA标准评定疗效。结果:所有病例均获随访6～24个月,平均16.4个月。术前JOA评分平均为(7.6±2.0)分,术后1年JOA评分平均为(14.3±1.9)分,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。改善率:优32例,良13例,优良率为91.1%。植骨全部骨性融合。结论:高龄颈椎管狭窄症的手术治疗,只要方法得当,减压充分,固定牢固,有效的植骨融合,可获得较好的手术效果。     

前路椎体次全切在治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化中的应用

目的：探讨颈前路椎体次全切治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化的手术减压范围。方法：采用前路椎体次全切植骨融合术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化56例，其中完全切除骨化者47例，用“漂浮法”处理者9例，并针对不同个体及病变特点采用不同的减压范围。结果：54例获得3个月-6a随访，平均28个月。植骨均于术后3-5个月内获得骨性融合。JOA评分由术前8．5分提高到术后14．1，平均改善率74％，优良率80．2％。结论：行椎体次全切术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化时应针对不同个体及病变特点采用不同的足够的减压范围，可以减少并发症，并获得较佳的疗效。     

颈椎侧块钢板治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化的探讨

目的探讨在颈椎后纵韧带骨化(OPLL)患者实施后路全椎板切除减压后,应用颈椎侧块钢板内固定的方式及疗效。方法1999年6月～2002年1月,12例OPLL患者采用后正中切口,显露至两侧关节突外缘,根据脊髓受压节段行全椎板切除后,采用Magerl方法行颈椎侧块钢板内固定加植骨术。结果随访8个月～2年4个月,平均18个月。根据JOA评分标准,平均改善率66%。未发生椎动脉或神经根损伤、脊髓损伤等严重并发症。结论OPLL患者行后路全椎板切除减压和颈椎侧块钢板内固定,既能有效改善颈椎管狭窄,又能避免全椎板切除对颈椎稳定性影响,疗效满意。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的外科治疗方式﹡

目的研究不同类型颈椎后纵韧带骨化症﹙OPLL﹚的手术治疗方式及疗效分析。方法统计2007年~2009年治疗的颈椎OPLL患者64例,分别采用后路椎板单开门减压成形术、前路减压植骨融合内固定术及前后路联合减压手术治疗,统计术前术后JOA评分并计算神经功能改善率,评估疗效。结果后路手术44例,术前JOA评分7~12分,平均9.2±1.3分,术后1年JOA评分10~16分,平均13.6±1.5分,神经功能改善率16.7%~87.5%,平均﹙55.7±18.7﹚%;前路手术14例,术前JOA评分8~11分,平均8.9±0.9分,术后1年JOA评分12~15分,平均14.1±0.8分,神经功能改善率44.4%~77.8%,平均﹙63.4±10.0﹚%;前后联合手术6例,术前JOA评分7~10分,平均8.0±1.1分,术后1年JOA评分13~14分,平均13.5±0.5分,神经功能改善率55.6%~70.0%,平均﹙60.8±6.1﹚%。前路手术组术前症状较后路手术组重,手术难度更大,但术后神经功能恢复更好。结论根据颈椎OPLL的类型、部位、椎管压缩率、年龄选择合适的手术方式,能够取得更好的治疗效果,减少并发症发生。     

颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗效果的临床观察

目的探讨、对比颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对治疗几类常见颈椎病的疗效。方法收集2009年6月~2013年1月我科采用颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的55例颈椎病患者资料,按病情分为4组,其中46例获得随访,用统计学方法对各组术前术后JOA评分结果、椎管矢状径数值进行统计分析,判断并比较手术疗效。结果随访时间10~31个月,平均18个月,患者无死亡,无感染,无再关门等并发症,2例术后早期出现肩部不适感,2例出现硬脊膜损伤脑脊液漏,做相应处理后症状减轻至消失。术后各组JOA评分均有提高,椎管矢状径增加(0.005),各组疗效比较无明显差异(0.05)。结论颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术扩大了颈椎管的容积,直接减除颈髓神经压迫,有效地缓解了患者的症状和体征,是治疗常见颈椎病较为安全、有效的手术方法。     

3D打印模型在颈椎后纵韧带骨化手术减压方式选择中的应用北大核心

背景:目前3D打印技术已成功应用于辅助关节置换、骨折内固定及脊柱置钉等骨科手术,但关于3D打印技术在颈椎后纵韧带骨化症手术治疗领域的潜力尚有待探讨。目的:探讨3D打印模型在颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前后路手术减压方式选择中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2014年10月至2015年10月在徐州医科大学附属医院行术前CT数据搜集和3D模型打印的颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者共15例,其中孤立型2例,节段型6例,连续型4例,混合型3例。通过对比分析术前、术后1个月及末次随访时的日本骨科协会评分、目测类比评分、患者症状及影像学资料,来评价3D打印模型在颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前后路手术减压方式选择中的应用价值。结果与结论:(1)15例患者均顺利接受颈椎减压治疗,均接受4-16个月随访。术后患者症状较术前明显缓解,颈椎后路手术中1例切口脂肪液化,经负压引流后治愈;(2)术前、术后1个月和末次随访时的日本骨科协会评分分别为(9.0±1.6)分、(11.7±1.8)分和(15.5±1.4)分,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);颈肩部疼痛目测类比评分分别为(6.7±2.5)分,(2.13±1.4)分和(1.4±0.5)分,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(3)随访期间影像学结果显示,前路植骨均融合,后路手术门轴处愈合良好,无再关门现象;(4)结果提示,3D打印模型有助于对颈椎骨化后纵韧带的特点进行观察,并进行术前评估和模拟手术操作,对颈椎后纵韧带骨化症减压方式的选择有一定的参考价值。     

颈椎后路术后颈椎曲度不良与疗效的相关性

目的：探讨颈椎后路手术治疗颈椎退变性疾病后颈椎曲度不良与疗效的相关性。方法：采用颈椎后路减压术治疗颈椎退变性疾病患者85例,其中全椎板减压术26例、单开门椎管扩大成形术39例和单开门棘突重建扩大成形术20例,观察手术后颈椎后凸畸形对治疗效果的影响。结果：经6-72个月,平均18个月随访,颈椎后凸与否,各组之间神经功能改善率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;单开门椎管扩大成形术与单开门棘突重建椎管扩大成形术,术后颈椎后凸发生率低于全椎板减压术（P〈0.05）;颈椎无后凸与轻度后凸（与A、B、C的对应关系）畸形之间的轴性症状发生率无差异,但与明显后凸组相比有差异性（P〈0.05）。结论：颈椎后路减压术是治疗颈椎退变性疾病常用的手术方法,具有椎管容积扩大明显等优点。但减少手术对后方肌肉韧带复合体损伤并对此复合体进行有效修复,可以减少颈后凸畸形和轴性症状发生,提高手术效果。     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.