有限切开复位髓内钉治疗高龄Neer二部分及三部分肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨有限切开复位髓内钉治疗高龄Neer二部分及三部分肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法自2012年1月~2016年6月,31例高龄肱骨近端骨折患者采用有限切开复位髓内钉治疗,年龄75~90岁,平均81岁,按Neer分型,二部分骨折21例,三部分骨折10例,手术方法均采用肩峰前外侧切口,长度约6 cm左右,有限切开复位后行锁定型髓内短钉固定,手术时间平均70分钟,术中出血80 m L~100 m L,术后指导患者功能锻炼。结果本组31例手术患者均获得6~12个月的随访,平均8个月,随访内容包括骨折愈合及关节功能恢复情况。所有患者均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为6~10周,平均8周,未发生切口感染,神经血管损伤及内固定松动。并发症:肩峰撞击综合征3例(2例螺钉尾端位置偏高,1例大结节术后再移位),按照Neer肩关节功能评分标准,本组病例,优8例,良18例,可4例,差1例,全组优良率83%。结论有限切开复位髓内钉治疗Neer二部分及三部分肱骨近端骨折高龄患者,具有手术创伤小、内固定可靠及手术时间短等优势,疗效满意。     

经皮钢板与解剖锁定钢板置入内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折

背景：对于肱骨近端骨折或者严重并发症的患者,需要通过内固定物置入达到有效的固定,这样不会影响到肩关节的活动功能,而且创伤小。 目的：探讨经皮钢板内固定联合解剖锁定钢板置入内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的生物力学特征。 方法：选取广州医科大学附属第三医院骨科2007年3月至2011年12月收治的肱骨近端骨折患者75例,观察锁定钢板治疗后的愈合以及内固定后肩关节评分。分析锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折在生物力学方面的优势。 结果与结论：①75例患者治疗后均获得随访,随访时间6-24个月,平均13.3个月。②治疗后X射线片显示所有螺钉位置良好,骨折复位满意,骨折均得到了愈合,未发生神经血管损伤以及肱骨头坏死的病例,其中1例出现感染经治疗痊愈,72 例无肩痛,3例偶有肩痛。③Neer评分优57例,良11例,中7例,差0例,优良率为90.7%。与其它内固定物比较,锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的固定强度大,疗效满意,已成为临床治疗肱骨近端骨折的首选。     

应用新型网状解剖型钢板治疗移位肱骨大结节骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨应用新型网状解剖型钢板治疗移位肱骨大结节骨折的临床疗效。方法自2014年12月~2016年9月,采用自行研究网状解剖型钢板治疗移位的肱骨大结节骨折23例,按Neer分型,均为二部分骨折,手术方法均采用肩峰前外侧切口,长度约4 cm左右,显露及复位移位的肱骨大结节骨折后行钢板固定,合并肩袖损伤的一期修复,术后指导患者功能锻炼。结果本组23例手术患者均获得3~6个月的随访,平均4个月,随访内容包括骨折愈合及关节功能恢复情况,所有患者均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为6~12周,平均8.0周,未发生切口感染,神经血管损伤及内固定松动,1例出现骨折再移位,按照Neer~([1])肩关节功能评分标准,本组病例,优13例,良7例,可2例,差1例,全组优良率86%。结论应用新型网状解剖型钢板治疗移位肱骨大结节骨折,具有手术创伤小及内固定可靠的优点,疗效满意。     

Clinical biocompatibility of biodegradable orthopaedic implants for internal fixation: a review

When the polymeric material reaches the final stages of its degradation process, biodegradable orthopaedic fixation devices elicit a local foreign-body reaction. In most cases, the symptoms of this tissue response are subclinical and pass unnoticed, but in some patients a clinically manifest inflammatory foreign-body reaction ensues. Mild clinical reactions consist of a painful erythematous papule, those of medium severity show a sinus discharging polymeric debris for up to 6 months, and in the patients affected by a severe reaction, extensive osteolytic lesions may develop at the implant tracks. The histopathologic picture is that of a non-specific foreign-body reaction. For implants made of polyglycolide, the average incidence of the manifest reactions is 5%. When slow-degrading polymers are used, the incidence is lower. The tissue responses to polyglycolide manifest themselves 11 weeks after surgery, on an average, whereas foreign-body reactions to devices made of poly-L-lactide can emerge as late as 4 or 5 yr after the original fracture fixation operation. A poorly vascularized bone section, use of a quinone dye as an additive in the polymer, and an implant geometry with large surface area each seems to be associated with an increased risk of the occurrence of a foreign-body reaction. Yet in majority of the patients affected, no known individual marker of high risk is present. Some recent laboratory experiments indicate that it may be possible to diminish the risk of an adverse tissue response by incorporating alkaline salts or antibodies to inflammatory mediators in the implants. The results of in vitro and animal experiments, however, cannot always be directly extrapolated to humans. Only large-scale long-term clinical research will ultimately show which physico-chemical characteristics of a biodegradable orthopaedic implant provide the optimal clinical biocompatibility.     

股骨转子间骨折内固定器械研究进展

股骨转子间骨折是常见的骨折，亦是当今创伤骨科的研究热点。随着对股骨转子间骨折认识的深入及手术固定材料技术的发展，目前手术内固定治疗已成为首选治疗方式，现行的手术内固定治疗方式主要有髓外固定和髓内固定两种，二者各有优势，但也存在不足。髓内固定因微创和生物力学的优势逐渐成为主流内固定治疗方式。本文就股骨转子间骨折内固定器械的设计、优缺点、临床应用及其发展等方面进行综述，以期为临床内固定选择提供参考。     

Outcomes of bioabsorbable fixation in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the knee in adolescent patients

BackgroundBioabsorbable fixation in managing osteochondral lesions is increasing in popularity. The purpose was to report on outcomes using bioabsorbable fixation nails for osteochondral lesions of the knee in a pediatric and adolescent population.MethodsA retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing surgery with bioabsorbable fixation for knee osteochondral lesions was performed. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data was collected including symptom duration, lesion location, size, use of bone grafting, and number of implants. Return to activities was documented. Patients recommended revision surgery were compared to those who were not.Results47 patients with median age 13.9 years and 25.5% female were included with median clinical follow-up of 47.3 weeks. 87.2% of patients were cleared for full activities. Four male patients (8.5%) were recommended revision surgery, of whom three underwent surgery including removal of loose bioabsorbable fixation. Demographic data did not differ between the group with successful versus failed primary surgery (p > 0.05). Symptom duration was more acute (<1 month) in the four recommended revision surgery (75% versus 9.3%, p = 0.008). The group recommended revision also had larger lesion size (median 5.4 cm² versus 2 cm², p = 0.04). Distal femoral physeal status, lesion location, necessity for bone grafting, and number of implants did not differ between groups.ConclusionsAdolescents had a high return to activity following bioabsorbable fixation for knee osteochondral lesions with 87.2% cleared for full return. In the 8.5% of patients who were deemed to have failed primary fixation, symptoms were more likely to be acute in nature with larger lesion sizes.     

腰髂固定联合经皮骨盆前环固定治疗垂直旋转不稳定型骨盆环骨折

目的 探讨腰髂固定联合经皮骨盆前环固定治疗垂直旋转不稳定型骨盆环骨折的近期临床疗效。方法 收集了新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2018年9月至2022年1月接诊的不稳定型骨盆环损伤并接受前路皮下内固定（INFIX）联合后路腰椎－骨盆内固定治疗的患者进行回顾性分析。采用Matta标准对骨盆复位质量进行评估，Majeed评分对患者临床结果进行评估。进一步评估手术时间、术中失血量和并发症发生情况。结果 患者随访平均时间为12.6个月（6 ～ 18个月），其中前路皮下INFIX联合后路腰椎－骨盆内固定的平均手术时间和术中失血量分别为117.6 min（96 ～ 162 min）和203.6 mL（146 ～ 280 mL），复位质量优良率86.8%（优25例，良好8例，一般5例，差0例），无异位骨化迹象。末次随访时，Majeed评分的临床结果：优良率84.2%（优28例，良好4例，一般4例，差2例）。骶神经根损伤患者共6例，并进行术中减压，5例患者症状改善；2例前路INFIX术后感染，4周取内固定后好转；3例股外侧皮神经刺激。结论 腰髂固定联合经皮骨盆前环固定治疗垂直旋转不稳定型骨盆环骨折具有手术时间短、出血少、术中软组织损伤降低等优点，近期临床疗效满意。     

微型钢板内固定掌指骨骨折的生物力学评价

背景：掌指骨骨折是常见的骨折之一,临床多应用内固定物置入治疗。 目的：评价不同内固定物置入固定掌指骨骨折的生物力学性能以及相应的临床应用效果。 方法：通过测定掌指骨骨折微型钢板内固定、螺钉内固定、克氏针内固定以及钢丝内固定的轴向压缩应变、轴向移位和弯曲应变等生物力学性能的变化,明确掌指骨骨折理想的内固定置入物,并明确临床应用的内固定效果。 结果与结论：生物力学测试结果显示,在相同的生理载荷作用下,微型钢板内固定掌指骨骨折的轴向压缩应变、轴向移位以及弯曲应变均最小,其次是交叉克氏针内固定,而钢丝内固定的轴向压缩应变、轴向移位和弯曲应变均最大。测试结果表明微型钢板内固定是掌指骨骨折首选的内固定置入物。并且临床结果显示微型钢板内固定掌指骨骨折的优良率可达87%,无内固定物的松动、断裂以及复位丢失等并发症的发生,能够获得满意的内固定效果。     

New concept of 3D printed bone clip (polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite/silk composite) for internal fixation of bone fractures

Abstract

Open reduction with internal fixation is commonly used for the treatment of bone fractures. However, postoperative infection associated with internal fixation devices (intramedullary nails, plates, and screws) remains a significant complication, and it is technically difficult to fix multiple fragmented bony fractures using internal fixation devices. In addition, drilling in the bone to install devices can lead to secondary fracture, bone necrosis associated with postoperative infection. In this study, we developed bone clip type internal fixation device using three- dimensional (3D) printing technology. Standard 3D model of the bone clip was generated based on computed tomography (CT) scan of the femur in the rat. Polylacticacid (PLA), hydroxyapatite (HA), and silk were used for bone clip material. The purpose of this study was to characterize 3D printed PLA, PLA/HA, and PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip and evaluate the feasibility of these bone clips as an internal fixation device. Based on the results, PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip showed similar mechanical property, and superior biocompatibility compared to other types of the bone clip. PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip demonstrated excellent alignment of the bony segments across the femur fracture site with well-positioned bone clip in an animal study. Our 3D printed bone clips have several advantages: (1) relatively noninvasive (drilling in the bone is not necessary), (2) patient-specific design (3) mechanically stable device, and (4) it provides high biocompatibility. Therefore, we suggest that our 3D printed PLA/HA/Silk composite bone clip is a possible internal fixation device.     

关节镜下可吸收软骨钉治疗膝关节骨软骨损伤

背景：关节软骨骨折的手术治疗是骨关节外科常见难题,骨软骨骨折块缺乏有效的固定物,各种治疗方法的疗效也缺乏长期临床观察。 目的：探讨关节软骨损伤在关节镜下采用可吸收软骨钉固定治疗的临床疗效。 方法：纳入19例膝关节骨软骨缺损患者,在关节镜下修整损伤区及骨软骨骨折块以自身增强聚丙烯可吸收软骨钉固定,内固定后24 h拔出负压引流管,抗生素预防感染不超过48 h,充分镇痛条件下持续被动活动关节,膝关节铰链支具固定6周后完全负重行走。 结果与结论：19例患者均获得3个月-2年随访,平均13.2个月。修复后患者2周-3个月恢复社会活动。膝关节Lysholm评分为(83.25±5.63)分,tegner运动评级6.1±0.87,修复前后配对t检验,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。说明膝关节骨软骨损伤采用可吸收软骨钉固定可有效固定脱落的骨软骨块,促进软骨修复,改善膝关节功能。