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1.
目的:为临床骨延长术提供方向。方法:选用20只新西兰幼兔在股骨远端骺软骨两侧安装外固定架和力传感器,半数动物在骺软骨近侧作骨膜环行切除,分别向骺软骨施加不同张力,4周后测量股骨长度,X线摄像,并做骺软骨细胞KS-400图像分析。结果:张应力能使兔股骨明显增长,骺软骨厚度增加,其增殖区和肥大区细胞增加,骨骺与干骺端均未见骨折,与骨膜环行切除与否无显著性差异。结论:低张应力牵拉骨骺能实现无骨折下肢体延长,骨骺牵张结合干骺端骨膜环形切除并不能更进一步使肢体增长。  相似文献   

2.
股骨下端骺微血管的观察   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
本文报道用微血管造影及组织切片的方法,观察了18例胚胎和10例儿童的股骨下端骺。结果发现仅关节软骨内无血管。而软骨骺内的血管分布有一定规律:从髁间窝来的血管分布于骺中心区域;两髁侧面来的血管分布于两髁外侧份;骺软骨板附近的血管主要来自髌面上方及髁间窝上方。骺骨化中心最早围绕软骨管发生。骨化向周围扩展的速度不均匀,靠近血管处比远离血管处扩展块。骺未化骨时,其内的血管处于软骨管内,在化骨过程中,部分转变为骨骺血管,继续供应骺骨化中心: 2岁前,仅由3~5支来自髁间窝的血管供应;2岁后,髌面上方来的血管也开始进入;5岁后,两髁侧面来的血管相继开始供应骺骨化中心。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨基于3.0 T MRI的二维定量指标在胎儿肱骨发育评估中的应用价值。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2018年1月—2021年10月泰安市中心医院74例非生长发育受限胎儿的MRI资料。受检孕妇年龄20~46(30.8±5.9)岁,孕周26~37(32.7±3.4)周。采集真实稳态进动快速成像(TrueFISP)序列MRI,测量胎儿肱骨的二维定量指标(肱骨干长度,肱骨近侧和远侧软骨骨骺横径、前后径、高径,以及肱骨总长度)。应用Pearson相关分析二维定量指标与孕龄的相关性;观察肱骨近侧和远侧次级骨化中心的出现时间。结果 胎儿肱骨干长度、肱骨总长度和肱骨近侧软骨骨骺前后径均与孕龄呈高度正相关(r=0.83、0.84、0.72,P值均<0.001);胎儿肱骨近侧软骨骨骺横径和肱骨远侧软骨骨骺横径、前后径、高径均与孕龄呈中度正相关(r=0.64、0.56、0.53、0.53,P值均<0.001);胎儿肱骨近侧软骨骨骺高径与孕龄呈低度正相关(r=0.38,P=0.001)。肱骨远侧次级骨化中心最早出现时间在36~37+6周,26~35+6周均未见;26~37+6周胎儿肱骨近侧均未出现次级骨化中心。结论 基于3.0 T MRI的二维定量指标可较好评估孕龄26~37+6周胎儿肱骨生长发育,可为产前诊断胎儿肱骨疾病提供参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
膝关节动脉的血液供应   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
姚作宾 《解剖学报》1989,20(2):125-129
本文通过动脉灌注,对120侧不同年龄(新生儿至87岁)尸体的膝关节骨性部和软组织的血液供应分别进行了研究。新生儿的膝动脉在软骨内分布呈节段性,软骨骨化后,骨骺和髌骨的动脉间建立广泛的吻合。骺软骨板分隔膝关节的骨骺与干骺端。随骺板的闭合,两者间有血管互相交通。骺板的血液供应来自骺动脉、干骺动脉和滋养动脉终末的毛细血管袢以及骨膜动脉网的小支。髌骨的动脉分3组,发自髌前丛和髌周动脉环。滑膜和髌下脂垫的血管分布丰富。肌睫和韧带在骨的附着处缺乏血管。成人半月板外1/5有血管分布,内4/5无血管。本文对膝关节血管分布的临床意义作了简要讨论。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨纤维软骨性间叶瘤(fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma, FM)的临床特点、影像学表现、病理学形态、免疫表型、分子病理特征及鉴别诊断。方法收集上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院病理科2020—2022年4例FM的临床及影像学资料, 对其病理学形态、免疫表型和分子病理特征进行回顾性分析, 并复习相关文献。结果例1为会诊病例, 患儿女, 10岁。CT示骶骨和L5关节突骨质破坏。例2, 患儿女, 7岁。右尺骨远段病灶合并病理性骨折。例3, 患儿男, 11岁。左侧胫骨近端干骺端骨质破坏。例4为会诊病例, 患儿男, 11岁。左侧桡骨远端干骺端病灶伴骨皮质破坏。镜下肿瘤均由多量的梭形细胞成分、透明软骨结节和小梁状的骨构成。梭形细胞区域细胞密度低至中等, 呈束状或交叉排列, 梭形细胞轻至中度异型, 例1间质富于黏液。透明软骨结节呈骺板软骨样排列。骨小梁周围被覆骨母细胞。例2~4均未发现GNAS、IDH1/IDH2基因突变和MDM2基因扩增。结论 FM罕见, 多位于长骨的干骺端, 其次为髂骨、耻骨和脊柱骨;好发于青少年。增生的梭形细胞、透明软骨结节和编织骨的形成是FM...  相似文献   

6.
胸椎黄韧带骨化的影像学研究及其临床意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:探讨胸椎黄韧带骨化的影像学表现,评价X线、CT和MRI的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的胸椎黄韧带骨化的X线、CT和MRI影像学资料.结果:所有病例的X线平片显示胸椎退行性改变,仅其中3例的侧位片显示椎间孔处模糊骨化影.CT扫描显示胸椎椎板前缘凸向椎管的高密度影,椎管变窄,外侧型7例,弥漫型8例,结节增厚型8例.MRI显永黄韧带骨化病变呈低信号影,脊髓不同程度受压.23例患者共发现黄韧带骨化节段57个,骨化节段为单发病灶6例,多发病灶17例.病变累及上胸段(T1-4)3例,中胸段(5-8)7例,下胸段(T9-12)16例.合并后纵韧带骨化6例,合并胸椎间盘突出2例.结论:胸椎黄韧带骨化有典型的CT和MRI影像学表现,但在X线平片上容易漏诊;CT结合MRI检查是确诊胸椎黄韧带骨化的蕈要诊断手段.  相似文献   

7.
目的分析骨化性肌炎的MRI表现特点与演变规律,以提高其诊断和鉴别诊断的水平。方法对13例患者(男性4例,女性9例,年龄11~65岁,平均年龄39.69岁)经手术或穿刺组织病理学诊断证实为骨化性肌炎的共16例次MRI检查图像进行回顾性分析。结果早期(2~3周,4例次)为边界不清的T1WI中等偏高信号、T2WI高信号为主的软组织肿块;中期(1-12个月,11例次):T1WI由不均匀中等偏高信号逐渐变为中低信号,T2WI以团块和分叶状不均匀中低信号为主,夹杂有片状高信号区的软组织肿块,周边有低信号带形成。1例次内见有出血和液一液平,周围的水肿带(T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号)变窄。晚期(1~2年,1例次):肿块缩小,T1WI和BWI上以高信号为主,夹杂有条带状低信号影。结论骨化性肌炎MRI表现有一定的特点和变化规律.具有一定的特征性.提高对其MRI表现的认识有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.避免不必要的手术。  相似文献   

8.
为了找出骨肿瘤 ,骨及关节结核 ,化脓性骨髓炎 ,外伤性股骨头坏死的好发部位 ,人类研究了骨骼各种细胞的机能和生化 ,以及正常和异常情况下的改变 ,得出如下结论。1 骨肿瘤肿瘤的类型常与局部解剖有关 ;发病率的最高的时期(年龄 ) ,亦即该处细胞生活机能最旺盛的时期。各种骨肿瘤好发部位与骨细胞在不同时期的机能有关。1 1 在广义上的软骨细胞肿瘤 ,如软骨瘤成软骨细胞瘤 ,软骨粘液样纤维瘤 ,好发于软骨性的骨骺区及干骺区。肿瘤内富于软骨组织。1 2 骨肉瘤好发于干骺端之松质骨 ,此处骨细胞在第一次骨化和由原发性骨小梁转化为次级骨小…  相似文献   

9.
目的:探讨膝关节自发性骨坏死(SONK)的影像学表现。方法在临床和影像学资料,对20例确诊患者膝关节自发性骨坏死。均行膝关节MRI检查,行CT检查4例,行平片检查4例。结果MRI显示软骨病变,位于股骨髁负重的地方14例。这表明2例软骨下骨折裂隙综合征;显示软骨状长T1短T2信号,2例骨髓水肿在信号;显示软骨下焦稍长T1长T2信号10例。CT检查45例,清晰显示病变2例;X线平片检查4例,仅1例病变。结论MRI能显示膝关节自发性骨坏死病变比CT,X射线敏感。结合临床表现和MRI诊断可以。  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨前列腺各带区在解剖断层切片的形态学表现,及其与MRI断层图像的对应关系,确定前列腺各带区MRI影像的解剖学基础。 方法 利用MRI技术对6具成人尸体及576例健康成人的前列腺进行扫描,观察尸体及活体前列腺带区MRI表现,然后采用火棉胶包埋技术把标本制成前列腺区薄层连续切片,并与MRI图片进行对照研究。 结果 尸体断层解剖切片可根据尿道、精阜、射精管识别外周带、中央带、移行带、尿道周围组织及前列腺肌肉基质区的大体位置,但其间未见明显界限。尸体标本及活体MRI图像表现基本一致,即T1WI上整个前列腺呈略低信号;T2WI上前列腺外周带呈高信号表现,中央区呈低信号;薄层切片与MRI图像有良好的对应关系。 结论 MRI检查时,横断面、冠状面及矢状面扫描相结合,才能完整显示前列腺各带区的结构特点,进而有利于对前列腺内的病灶进行准确地MRI定位诊断。  相似文献   

11.
Department of Normal Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 9–11, January, 1988.  相似文献   

12.
Concomitant angiosarcoma and carcinoma of the breast: a case report   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
A case of concomitant angiosarcoma and carcinoma of the left breast in a forty-three year old woman is described. Following a diagnosis of angiosarcoma she was treated by simple mastectomy. Five months later, left axillary lymph node biopsy showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Retrospective examination of the mastectomy specimen disclosed a concomitant but separate adenocarcinoma. The patient remains well after 3 years. The implications of this rare association are discussed and the long survival gives an opportunity to review the prognosis in breast angiosarcomas.  相似文献   

13.
At different stages in the development of the response to a flash of diffused light, groupings of excited neurons in field 17 of the guinea pig continue to occur within the same cortical microzones. These zones are separated from neighboring microzones by narrow inhibition zones. The ensembles of cells participating in excitation form columns tapering with depth. The grouping of excited cells noted during a silent break indicates a grouping of inhibitory neurons. Three subgroups are distinguished within the ensembles according to the average dynamics of their impulse activity; the groups are reciprocally interrelated. One of the subgroups is in the lower layers of the cortex. This subgroup is characterized by stably localized foci of maximal activity; their dynamics, apparently reflecting groupings of corticofugal neurons, are sharply distinguished from the subgroups of the middle layers. The ensembles under investigation are considered to be one of the forms of activity of the structural-morphological units in the cortex.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 46–54, January, 1983.  相似文献   

14.
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16.
An elasticity parameter known as the elastic length of the urethra was derived from a theory of flow presented in a previous article. The suggestion was made that a consideration of this parameter could be relevant to an understanding of the flow of urine through the urethra. The present short paper presents an account of initial measurements of the elastic length for two females. It seems likely that we cannot neglect the elastic length when considering flow through the urethra.  相似文献   

17.
Central Research Laboratory, N. A. Semashko Moscow Medical Stomatologic Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 8, pp. 128–130, August, 1991.  相似文献   

18.
N B Cant  D K Morest 《Neuroscience》1978,3(11):1003-1029
Six groups of non-cochlear axons which project to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat can be identified in rapid Golgi preparations. The axons in three of these groups enter the anteroventral cochlear nucleus from its medial border, most of the fibers coming from the trapezoid body. Group I axons terminate in the anterior part of the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Group II axons terminate in a portion of the small cell cap and in part of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus; they supply some endings to the dorsal part of the posterior division of the anteroventral nucleus as well. Group III axons end diffusely throughout the anterior division but not in the posterior division. Two groups of axons travel from caudal parts of the cochlear nucleus to the anteroventral part within the small cell cap. Group IV axons end in the dorsal part of the posterior division. Group V axons terminate in the dorsal part of the anterior division. Group VI axons course through the granule cell layer and form endings there but not in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus proper. The axons of each group form characteristic patterns of terminal branches, which give the different parts of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus a distinctive appearance in rapid Golgi preparations.Each subdivision of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus receives cochlear input. However, the present findings demonstrate differential non-cochlear inputs to the various subdivisions, implying that non-cochlear influences on the activity of the neurons may not be the same throughout the nucleus. Moreover, each subdivision contains several types of neurons and the non-cochlear inputs may project to all or to only some of these cell types. Thus, the arrangements of the non-primary inputs to the neurons of the cochlear nuclear complex introduce another level of complexity to its synaptic organization.  相似文献   

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20.
Cervical adenocarcinomas span a diverse group of tumours in terms of their pathogenesis, morphology and patients’ prognosis. The diagnostic challenges are numerous and arise with virtually every case. The issues that may be particularly difficult in histopathologic evaluation of cervical adenocarcinomas include 1) differentiating in-situ and invasive tumours from their benign mimics, 2) differentiating adenocarcinoma in-situ from an early invasive lesion, 3) measuring the depth of invasion, 4) differentiating primary cervical adenocarcinoma from uterine endometrial adenocarcinoma or tumours metastatic from other primary sites such as colon. The paper reviews the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, immunohistochemical markers, differential diagnosis and prognosis of various subtypes of cervical adenocarcinoma.  相似文献   

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