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1.
髋臼骨关节面形态特征的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
髋臼骨关节面生物形态特征的研究将有助于通过建立更为精确的髋臼三维模型来分析髋关节的生物力学性能 ,具有重要的临床意义。但在以往的研究中 ,髋臼骨关节面大多被简单认定为一球面。本研究通过三维激光扫描获取髋臼的三维形态数据 -点云数据 ,运用反球工程技术结合优化拟合算法 ,分别用球面和旋转椭球面逐步逼近原始的髋臼骨关节面 ,获得最佳的髋臼骨关节面匹配模型 ,分析比较此二项匹配模型间的匹配误差。对 15例髋骨的统计测量结果表明 ,旋转椭球面的匹配误差显著小于球面的匹配误差 ,其中拟合球半径平均值为 2 4 .37±2 .2 2 mm,拟合旋转椭球面长轴 (髋臼左右方向 )平均值为 2 6 .0 2± 2 .76 mm,短轴 (髋臼前后方向 )平均值为 2 4 .17± 2 .16 mm。该项研究首次对髋臼骨关节面形态作了定量的分析 ,有助于我们对髋臼骨形态的重新认识 ,进而为一系列以其为基础的相关研究及应用提供重要的参考  相似文献   

2.
二种骨性髋臼关节面三维几何形态模型的对照与分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的建立一种更接近人体骨性髋臼关节面的三维模型。方法通过三维激光扫描获取髋臼的点云数据,分别用球面和旋转椭球面逐步逼近骨性髋臼关节面,建立球面和旋转椭球面的二种参数化匹配模型,并对二种模型参数与匹配误差作统计学分析。结果旋转椭球面模型的匹配误差显著小于球面模型的匹配误差,旋转椭球面模型的长:短轴与球面模型的半径有较强的相关性。结论旋转椭球面模型较之传统的球面模型更接近人体骨性髋臼的几何形态。  相似文献   

3.
逆行髋臼后柱拉力螺钉内固定的应用解剖学   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的:为逆行髋臼后柱拉力螺钉内固定提供解剖学基础。方法:取半骨盆标本30个,采用截面法将一斯氏针由髋臼后柱最小截面的轴心经坐骨结节打出,该斯氏针在坐骨结节处的穿出点(即为逆行后柱拉力螺钉的入钉点)为P。对P点进行解剖学测量。并测量髋臼后柱骨皮质内斯氏钉的长度。结果:髋臼后柱最小截面位于髋臼切迹上方15.0mm处,位于髋臼中部,该截面平均直径(即逆行拉力螺钉最大直径)为(12.8±2.1)mm。髋臼后柱骨皮质内斯氏针长度(即逆行拉力螺钉的长度)为(131.2±8.9)mm。进钉点P位于坐骨结节中部(即坐骨结节最隆起处)坐骨结节纵嵴与坐骨结节内侧缘连线的中点处。P距坐骨结节内侧缘(6.7±0.8)mm。结论:髋臼后柱逆行拉力螺钉内固定是可行的。  相似文献   

4.
目的:为锁骨肩峰端骨不连修复提供新的手术方法。方法:在40侧成人尸体标本上,解剖观测肩胛上血管肩峰支的走行、分支及分布;1 侧标本上摹拟手术设计。结果:肩峰支自肩胛上动脉发出后,向外走行于斜方肌、冈上肌之间,穿斜方肌在肩峰处的附着点达肩峰,并与胸肩峰动脉的肩峰支吻合构成肩峰动脉网。其长度为4.6±1.1cm,外径1.7±0.4mm。其主要分支肩胛冈支外径0.8±0.1mm,长度2.0±0.5cm。结论:可以肩峰支为蒂设计切取肩胛冈骨瓣移位修复锁骨肩峰端骨不连。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨改良蛋壳刮除技术在强直髋全髋关节置换髋臼侧重建中的应用疗效。方法 2016年3月至2021年3月,荆门市中心医院收治强直髋患者34例(44髋)。其中,男22例,女12例;年龄27 ~ 66岁,平均(49.2±9.2)岁;强直性脊柱炎强直髋患者10例,类风湿性关节炎强直髋患者5例,创伤、手术后强直髋患者13例,骨性关节炎强直髋患者5例,感染后强直髋患者1例。对其实施生物型人工全髋关节置换术,术中采用改良的蛋壳刮除技术寻找并重建髋臼,术前、术后各随访时间段记录髋关节Harris评分,测量髋臼重建旋转中心和解剖旋转中心到坐骨结节水平连线的垂直距离,以及重建旋转中心和解剖旋转中心到耻骨联合中线的水平距离。对比分析术前和术后1年髋关节Harris评分,评价髋关节功能;比较重建旋转中心与解剖旋转中心有无差异,检验髋臼假体位置安放的准确性。结果 术后34例患者均得到随访,随访时间12 ~ 72个月,平均38.03个月,未发生血管神经损伤、感染、血栓、脱位、骨折等并发症。Harris功能评分由术前(36.56±7.31)分提高到术后1年(80.74±4.22)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。髋关节重建旋转中心垂直距离和水平距离分别为(78.38±8.58) mm和(96.86±9.48) mm,髋关节解剖旋转中心垂直距离及水平距离分别为(77.78±7.63)mm和(98.38±10.62)mm。将髋关节重建旋转中心垂直距离与解剖旋转中心垂直距离比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);重建旋转中心水平距离与解剖旋转中心水平距离比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),综合评估重建的髋臼假体位置良好。结论 改良蛋壳刮除技术操作简单,能有效避免术中磨穿髋臼,减少术中透视次数,准确找到真臼并原位重建髋臼,疗效满意。  相似文献   

6.
用解剖和血管透明方法对32侧成人、5侧婴儿下肢骨滋养动脉的起始、长度、口径、走行及骨内分布进行观测.胫骨滋养动脉一支者占96.88%,起始于胫后动脉者占69.70%, 主干平均长度42.41±9.53mm.起始处外径1.41±0.61mm.人骨处外径0.71±0.14mm.髓腔内,滋养动脉分为升降二支髓动脉,后者向胫骨两端呈树状分支.在骨皮质内,髓动脉与骨膜动脉的分支吻合.  相似文献   

7.
目的 应用CT的原始数据资料,结合反求工程软件,对大龄髋脱位儿童髋关节的病理形态结构做进一步的定量分析研究,以了解大龄髋脱位儿童髋关节的病理形态变化,探讨髋关节骨性形态的测量方法及意义.方法 实验组共44个脱位髋,按照Tonnis分级标准分为2个亚组:半脱位组,共30个髋;全脱位组,共14个髋.单侧脱位患儿的"正常髋"为相对对照组,共41个髋.以Mimics软件读取CT原始数据,进行前处理,得到髋关节的点云数据,输入至反求工程软件Imageware中,对髋臼及股骨头的骨性关节面进行球面拟合,测定股骨头上下两部分对髋臼的匹配程度.结果 大龄髋脱位儿童髋臼球面半径较平、浅(全脱位组为27.470±6.299,半脱位组为24.340±2.637,对照组为21.710±1.975),股骨头发育小;3组中全脱位组表现得更加明显.实验组与对照组股骨头的上下两部分和骨性髋臼关节面匹配误差比较:全脱位组、半脱位组P<0.001,对照组P>0.05,显示股骨头上半部分对髋臼的匹配程度高于下半部分.结论 髋脱位儿童股骨头上下两部分与髋臼的匹配差异提示了复位手术时股骨近端内翻截骨的必要性.适当的内翻截骨可以使匹配程度较高的股骨头上半部作为主要负重区.良好的球面匹配能获得良好的应力分布,从而减少或推迟骨关节炎的发生.  相似文献   

8.
目的为锁骨肩峰端骨不连修复提供新的手术方法.方法在40侧成人尸体标本上,解剖观测肩胛上血管肩峰支的走行、分支及分布;1侧标本上摹拟手术设计.结果肩峰支自肩胛上动脉发出后,向外走行于斜方肌、冈上肌之间,穿斜方肌在肩峰处的附着点达肩峰,并与胸肩峰动脉的肩峰支吻合构成肩峰动脉网.其长度为4.6±1.1cm,外径1.7±0.4mm.其主要分支肩胛冈支外径0.8±0.1mm,长度2.0±0.5cm.结论可以肩峰支为蒂设计切取肩胛冈骨瓣移位修复锁骨肩峰端骨不连.  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究髋臼中心定位工具在Crowe Ⅳ型发育性髋关节发育不良关节置换术中的可行性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年1月在新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州新华医院行全髋关节置换术的37例(44髋)发育性髋关节脱位患者,分为两组:A组20例(24髋),参考定位工具,B组17例(20髋),参考髋臼横韧带,比较两组患者的手术时间、切口大小、术中出血量、下地时间、Harris髋关节评分、双侧肢体长度差,术后臼杯外展角、前倾角,以及术后假体旋转中心与解剖旋转中心的水平、垂直距离差值。结果 所有的患者术后未出现脱位、感染、深静脉血栓形成、假体松动等。两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、切口大小、下地时间、Harris评分、双侧肢体长度差比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对比两组臼杯外展角、前倾角,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);旋转中心垂直距离A组为(21.54±2.32) mm、B组为(22.40±2.23) mm,水平距离A组为(29.42±2.45) mm、B组为(29.85±2.92) mm,重建髋臼的旋转中心距离及其与解剖旋转中心距离差进行组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 髋臼中心定位工具可以在Crowe Ⅳ型发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中给术者提供髋臼中心点的参考标志,有一定的临床使用价值。  相似文献   

10.
目的通过多层螺旋CT多平面重组重建了解中耳炎耳咽鼓管与正常耳咽鼓管的解剖关系,为临床研究提供解剖学资料。方法设61例(85耳)中耳炎患者为病变组,设鼓膜完整的15例(30耳)经专科检查、纯音测听及声导抗检查排除中耳病变且咽鼓管功能正常者作为对照组,两组均采用多层螺旋CT分别行颞骨静态及动态CT扫描,且均行多平面重组重建,重建后分别测量其骨部、软骨部开放区域、软骨部闭合区域、软骨部有效闭合区域长度,并比较两组间的影像学差异。结果对照组鼓室前段直径(9.95±1.29)mm,骨-软骨接合部直径(3.89±0.50)mm,骨部长度(20.89±1.81)mm;病变组鼓室前段直径(9.85±0.83)mm,骨-软骨接合部直径(3.92±0.37)mm,骨部长度(20.51±2.13)mm;静态CT多平面重组重建:对照组开放区域长度(10.99±0.87)mm,闭合区域长度(36.90±6.73)mm,病变组开放区域长度(8.50±0.55)mm,闭合区域长度(42.26±7.19)mm;动态CT多平面重组重建:对照组有效闭合区域长度(10.20±3.96)mm,病变组有效闭合区域长度(33.32±9.44)mm。结论中耳炎耳咽鼓管与正常耳咽鼓管骨部无明显差异;静态下病变组软骨部闭合区域大于对照组软骨部闭合区域长度;动态下对照组咽鼓管软骨部闭合区域长度减小,开放区域长度增加,而病变组闭合区域长度改变不明显。  相似文献   

11.
Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.  相似文献   

12.
Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc2 (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.  相似文献   

13.
About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread epidemics of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a panhypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of substrate beriberi and substrate pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse endemic disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for primates. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.  相似文献   

16.
Newton H 《Medical history》2011,55(2):153-182
Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.  相似文献   

17.
The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.  相似文献   

18.
Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.  相似文献   

19.
There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.  相似文献   

20.
There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.  相似文献   

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