初中生成就动机与性别角色、自尊的关系

目的:考察初中生成就动机与性别角色、自尊的关系。方法:采用成就动机测验、Bem性别角色量表、自尊量表对354名初中生进行测查。结果:1初中生追求成功(F=6.94,P0.01)、避免失败(F=6.87,P0.01)、合成成就动机(F=12.53,P0.001)在年级上有显著差异;2不同性别角色类型初中生在追求成功(F=2.78,P0.0,5)、避免失败(F=3.41,P0.05)、合成成就动机(F=5.85,P0.01)上有显著差异;3初中生自尊水平与追求成功(r=0.178,P0.05)、合成成就动机(r=0.115,P0.01)呈显著正相关;4逐步回归分析结果显示,男性特质、自尊可以预测追求成功(F=9.421,P0.01),男性特质可以预测合成成就动机(F=11.088,P0.01)。结论:初中生的成就动机与性别角色类型、自尊密切相关。男性特质和自尊有助于提高初中生成就动机。     

初中生成就动机和自尊、父母教养方式的关系研究

目的研究初中生成就动机与自尊、父母教养方式之间的关系。方法采用成就动机量表(AMS)、自尊量表(SES)和父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对河北省两所初级中学316名初中生进行测查。结果1追求成功与自尊量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.352,P0.01);回避失败与自尊量表得分呈正相关(r=0.254,P0.01);合成动机与自尊量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.385,P0.01);2父母的温暖理解、父亲过分干涉与追求成功呈正相关(r=0.371,0.269,0.153,P0.01),母亲的严厉惩罚与追求成功呈负相关(r=-0.123,P0.05);父母严厉惩罚、拒绝否认、过分干涉、保护与避免失败呈正相关(r=0.166,0.163,0.125,0.112,P0.01或P0.05);父母温暖与合成动机呈正相关(r=0.275,0.195,P0.01),父母严厉惩罚和拒绝否认与合成动机呈负相关(r=0.-0.190,-0.202,-0.175,-0.160,P0.01)。父母温暖与自尊量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.315,-0.286,P0.01),父母的严厉惩罚和拒绝否认与自尊量表得分呈正相关(r=0.223,0.248,0.148,0.165,P0.01);3父亲温暖、自尊、父亲过分干涉对追求成功有明显的预测作用(P0.01);自尊、母亲严厉惩罚对回避失败动机有明显的预测作用(P0.01);自尊、父亲温暖、母亲严厉惩罚对合成动机有明显地预测作用(P0.01)。结论自尊作为一个中介变量在父母教养方式和子女成就动机间起作用。     

初中生自我概念的特点及其与成就动机的关系

目的 了解初中生自我概念的年级与性别特点及其与成就动机的关系.方法 采用自我描述问卷(SDQ-Ⅰ)、成就动机量表(AMS)对济宁市1所中学的173名初中生进行测查.结果 ①初中生的自我概念年级差异不显著(F=1.064,P＞0.05),男生自我概念显著高于女生(t=5.275,P＜0.01);②不同自我概念水平的初中生...     

初中生班级环境、自尊与成就动机的关系

目的探讨初中生班级环境、自尊水平与成就动机水平的关系。方法随机选取320名初中学生,采用《我的班级》问卷、自尊量表以及成就动机量表进行调查。结果①班级环境中关系维度与自尊水平以及追求成功动机呈显著正相关 自尊与追求成功动机呈显著正相关 ②班级环境中关系维度对自尊以及追求成功动机回归效应显著 控制班级环境中关系维度后,自尊对追求成功动机回归效应显著。结论班级环境对初中生自尊水平以及成就动机水平有预测作用 初中生在班级环境中体会到的关系状态会直接影响初中生追求成功的动机,这在一定程度上是通过影响初中生自尊水平的起作用。     

初中生父母教养方式及其对成就动机的影响

目的探讨父母教养方式与初中生成就动机的关系。方法采用父母教养方式量表（EMBU）和成就动机量表（AMS）对学生进行测评。回收数据采用spss13.0统计软件进行统计。结果1父母教养方式对青少年成就动机影响差异不显著;2父亲温暖因子与初中生的追求成功动机有显著的负相关,与青少年回避失败动机有显著的正相关。结论初中生父母教养方式对其成就动机相关不显著,但初中生成就动机与抚养方式中父亲的情感温暖维度有关联。     

初中生成就动机与自尊、父母教养方式关系研究

目的 研究初中生成就动机和父母教养方式、自尊之间的关系。方法 采用成就动机问卷（AMS）、自尊问卷（SES）和父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）对204名14～t6岁的初中生进行测查。结果 ①追求成功与合成动机和自尊均呈显著正相关，回避失败与合成动机和自尊均呈显著负相关。②父母温暖因子与初中生的追求成功动机有显著的正相关，父亲严厉惩罚、过分干涉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认、母亲温暖、拒绝否认、惩罚严厉、偏爱被试与青少年回避失败动机有显著的负相关。③父亲温暖因子对追求成功动机有显著地预测作用；父亲惩罚严厉、自尊以及父亲拒绝否认因子对回避失败动机有显著地预测作用；父亲拒绝否认因子对合成动机有显著地预测作用。结论 这一结果表明提高初中生的自尊水平有助于其成就动机的培养，另外，初中生成就动机与早期所受抚养方式有明显关联。     

初中生智商 情商 乐商与成就动机的关系

采用瑞文标准推理测验、初中生情绪智力问卷、归因风格问卷和成就动机量对150名初中生进行调查研究,探讨智商、情商、乐商的关系及其对成就动机的影响。结果发现:初中生智商、情商、乐商和成就动机在性别上差异无统计学意义;成就动机与智商、情商、乐商呈正相关,成就动机总分与情商、智商得分呈负相关,乐商中消极稳定性维度与成就动机中避免失败维度呈负相关,与成就动机总分呈正相关;情商、乐商和成就动机之间存在某种间接作用,情商和乐商对成就动机有一定的预测作用,但智商对成就动机不存在预测作用。     

高三学生时间管理倾向、自尊与成就动机的关系研究

目的探讨时间管理倾向、自尊与成就动机的关系。方法以青少年时间管理倾向量表（ATMD）、成就动机测量表（AMS）和自尊量表（SES）对高三151名文、理和艺术学生进行了研究。结果①高三学生在自尊上有显著性别差异（P〈0.05）;②高三文、理科和艺术学生在时间价值感（0.020）、自尊水平（0.017）上差异显著（P〈0.05）;③时间管理倾向各因子与自尊、自尊与成就动机两因子、时间管理倾向各因子与成就动机因子（时间价值感与避免失败动机除外）均有显著性相关（P〈0.05）。4时间管理总分和自尊对成就动机有显著的预测。结论高三学生时间管理倾向、自尊与成就动机三者密切相关。     

初中生自尊发展与人际素质的关系研究

目的 探讨初中生自尊发展与人际素质的关系.方法 采用自尊量表和初中生心理健康人际素质的量表,分别对初中3个年级的学生进行了调查.结果 ①不同年级的初中生自尊发展存在差异(F＝5、47,P=0.005);不同性别的初中生自尊发展没有显著差异;②不同年级的初中生在人际素质上没有显著差异;不同性别的初中生在人际素质上差异显著...     

初中生学业拖延的影响因素

目的:以初中生作为研究对象,调查该群体学业拖延的总体状况,并对学业自我效能感与成就动机这两个变量对学业拖延的影响作用进行探讨。方法:研究采用问卷调查的方法,使用《中学生学业拖延问卷》、《学习自我效能感量表》以及《成就动机量表》对大连市内某所初中的288名学生进行问卷调查,并将所得数据整理后运用SPSS进行分析。结果:初中生学业自我效能感与成就动机呈显著正相关(r=0.363,P0.01),同时学业自我效能感与学业拖延之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.365,P0.01);而成就动机与学业拖延之间也呈显著负相关(r=-0.442,P0.01);成就动机作为中介变量,在学业自我效能感影响学业拖延过程中,其部分中介作用比例为35.4%。结论:初中生的学业拖延现象是普遍存在的;学业自我效能感和成就动机对学业拖延的影响方式主要包括两种:其一是学业自我效能感可以直接地负向预测学业拖延;其二是成就动机作为中介变量,在学业自我效能感影响学业拖延的过程中起到了部分中介作用,使前者对后者产生了间接的影响。     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Studien zur humoralen Regulation des erythropoetischen Proliferationsspeichers beim Menschen

Zusammenfassung Die Beeinflussung der Erythroblasten-Proliferation durch das Mikromilieu wurde in vitro mittels Auswertung durch Differential- und Mitosezählungen und Signifikanzberechnung vieler Versuchsreihen auch unter verschiedenen pathologischen Bedingungen getestet.Sowohl die Mitosehäufigkeit wie die Ausreifung waren positiv mit dem Erythropoetingehalt des Medium korreliert. Der Effekt wurde durch Folsäure, Ätiocholanolon und cAMP verstärkt. Cobalt stimulierte ebenso wie Testosteron und Methenolon in vitro unabhängig von der Erythropoetinkonzentration im Medium die Erythroblastenproliferation. Ein vermindertes Eisenangebot störte die endgültige Ausreifung der Erythroblasten zu Retikulozyten und bewirkte dadurch eine Ineffektivität der Erythorpoese. Anhaltspunkte für ein Erythrozyten-Chalon oder einen Erythropoetinhemmkörper ließen sich aus unserem Versuchsansatz nicht gewinnen, weil er die Transformation der pluripotenten in die erythropoetin-sensible Stammzelle nicht einschließt. Als Nebenbefund ergab sich eine Stimulation des granulozytopoetischen Proliferationsspeichers durch Serumzusatz zum Medium von Patienten nach akutem Blutverlust und bei Polycythämia vera.Unterstützt durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras

Aymara people has been a relatively homogeneous group since Spanish Conquest by 1,532 CE, even if previously represented a group of various cultural defined populations who gave rise to them. They were and are established in Andean Altiplano around Titikaka Lake (Bolivia, Peru), Argentina and Chile neighborhood, speak Aymara language and have been maintained after Europeans arrival at a lower social status than Quechua (Inca) speaking people. However, both Aymara and Quechua populations acknowledge Titikaka Lake as center of their origins; both languages are also related. Specific high frequencies of HLA-A*02, -A*24 and -A*68, HLA-B*35, -B*39 and -B*48, HLA-DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*09:01, and -DRB1*14:02, and HLA-DQB1*04:02, -DQB1*03:02 and -DQB1*03:01 alleles are found in Aymaras and HLA class II haplotypes common to Andean Amerindians (DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02 and DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02), like Quechua, Aymara, Uros, Lamas and Mapuche are also found in Easter and other Pacific Islands. Giant human head stone statues at Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) are also found at Easter Island. Thus, it is possible a gene and cultural flow between Andean Amerindians and Easter and other Pacific Islands, as it was demonstrated by Thor Heyerdahl in his Kon-Tiki expedition which reached Pacific Islands sailing from El Callao Harbour (Lima, Peru).     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Lipid composition of metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis and lipid changes during growth

A lipid analysis was performed on developing metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis removed from the livers of rats at times varying from 3 to 35 weeks post infection. Lipid accounted for 7–21% of the dry weight of the parasites. The highest proportions were found at the earlier stages. The distribution was as follows; neutral lipid 27–45%; glycolipid 5–11%; and phospholipid 50–61%. The major neutral lipid was cholesterol, and minor neutral lipids were sterol esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. Hydrocarbons were present throughout development, but in the highest amounts at the earlier stages. Five different glycolipids were found, all of which were identified as glycosphingolipids. An increase in the proportion of more complex glycolipids was noted as parasites grew older. Ten different phospholipids were identified, with the major components being phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Other phospholipids were: lysophosphatides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and an unknown phospholipid component. Changes in the relative amounts of the two major phospholipids were found when the early and late stages were compared. Two lipids found throughout development were identified as glycosylated dolichol phosphates, and they comprised between 1 and 3% of the total phospholipid fraction. Nineteen fatty acids were detected, and the fatty acid distribution for each lipid class at each stage was determined. Seven major fatty acids were common to each. These were: hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosanoic, and docosahexaenoic.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

Simple Serological Assays for Detecting Rice Tungro Viruses

An attempt was made to produce sensitive and specific polyclonal antisera against the viruses causing rice tungro disease, and to assess their potential for use in simple diagnostic tests. Using a multiple, sequential injection procedure, seven batches of polyclonal antisera against rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) were produced. These were characterized for their sensitivity and specificity using ring-interface precipitin test and double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA. Thirty-one weeks after the first immunization, antiserum batch B6b for RTBV showed the highest ring interface titer (DEP = 1:1920). For RTSV, batches S3, S4b and S5b all had similar titres (DEP = 1:640). In DAS-ELISA, however, significant differences among purified antisera (IgG) batches were observed only at IgG dilution of 10^-3. At that dilution, IgGB4b showed the greatest sensitivity, while IgGS3 showed greatest sensitivity for RTSV. When all IgG batches were tested against 11 tungro field isolates (dual RTBV-RTSV infections) at sample dilution of 1:10, IgGB4b and IgGB6b for RTBV and IgGS3 and IgGS6b for RTSV performed equally well. However, after cross adsorption with healthy plant extracts in a specially prepared healthy plant-Sepharose affinity column, only IgGB6b could be used specifically to detect RTBV in a simple tissue-print assay.     

Is it worthy to take full-course immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis? About efficacy biomarker of allergen immunotherapy

Nowadays, people pay more attention to biomarkers that can predict clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. As the only recognized aetiological treatment, the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been proved by many studies. However, treatment success depends on compliance and persistence greatly, which can be impaired by the lengthy duration of AIT and socioeconomic status of patients. Besides, ineffectiveness is another factor that accounts for non-adherence. If the clinical efficacy can be predicted in the early stage of immunotherapy, it can help patients choose appropriate treatment plans, increase patient compliance and optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper mainly focuses on five candidate biomarkers, the sIgE/tIgE ratio before treatment, serum inhibitory activity for IgE, decreased basophil activation, upregulation of Tregs and tolerogenic DCs, reviews the time when potential biomarkers can predict or monitor the efficacy of AIT, discusses the reason why these indicators could serve as efficacy biomarkers and interactions among potential biomarkers.     

Neurotransmitter signaling pathways required for normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos: a pharmacological survey screen

Neurotransmitters are not only involved in brain function but are also important signaling molecules for many diverse cell types. Neurotransmitters are widely conserved, from evolutionarily ancient organisms lacking nervous systems through man. Here, results are reported from a loss‐ and gain‐of‐function survey, using pharmacological modulators of several neurotransmitter pathways to examine possible roles for these pathways in normal embryogenesis. Applying reagents targeting the glutamatergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways to embryos of Xenopus laevis from gastrulation to organogenesis stages, we observed and quantified numerous malformations, including craniofacial defects, hyperpigmentation, muscle mispatterning and miscoiling of the gut. These data implicate several key neurotransmitters in new embryonic patterning roles, reveal novel earlier stages for processes involved in eye development, suggest new targets for subsequent molecular‐genetic investigation, and highlight the necessity for in‐depth toxicology studies of psychoactive compounds to which human embryos might be exposed during pregnancy.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.