乙型肝炎病毒前S2抗原／抗体检测方法的改进及其应用

通过改进乙型肝炎病毒表面前Ｓ２抗原（Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｇ）、前Ｓ２抗体（Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｂ）的检测方法,对１２８份正常人标本Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｂ进行测定,确定了Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｂ抑制率的阳性界值。用改进后的方法检测不同人群中的Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｇ及Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｂ,发现在慢性乙型肝炎患者中Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｇ比ＨＢｅＡｇ／Ａｂ系统更能反映机体的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ复制水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｂ的检出则与急性乙型肝炎的预后密切相关,同时,Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｂ也可作为评价含有Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２Ａｇ的乙肝疫苗主动免疫效果的指标。     

乙型肝炎患者HBV M和HBV DNA的相关性研究

目的 探讨乙型肝炎患者的乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）血清学标志（ＨＢＶ Ｍ）与ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ检测结果的相关性与临床意义。方法 对４１４例乙型肝炎的ＨＢＶ Ｍ和ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ检测结果进行比较。ＨＢＶ Ｍ用ＥＬＩＳＡ定量分析法检测,ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ用斑点杂交法检测。结果 急性、慢性乙型肝炎患者中ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ的阳性率与乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率比较,差异有显著性;ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｅ、抗－ＨＢｃ阳性和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｃ阳性组的ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率比较,差异无显著性;ＨＢｓＡｇ和／或ＨＢｅＡｇ的滴度与ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率呈正相关关系。结论 ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ是评价ＨＢＶ活动最理想的标志;抗－ＨＢｅ的出现不能作为ＨＢＶ复制停止的指标;ＨＢｓＡｇ的滴度和ＨＢｅＡｇ的滴度变化可作为临床评价病毒复制程度和     

乙型肝炎病毒感染者癌基因蛋白的表达及与HBeAg的关系

目的为了阐明癌基因蛋白异常表达与乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）复制的关系。方法用链霉菌素－生物素（ＳＬＡＢ）免疫组织化学染色和酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）方法，检测了６４例慢性ＨＢＶ感染者肝细胞中Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２Ｐ１８５、ｒａｓＰ２１和Ｐ５３等癌基因蛋白和血清乙型肝炎病毒ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）。结果Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２Ｐ１８５和ｒａｓＰ２１阳性组中，血清ＨＢｅＡｇ的阳性检出率分别为８９４％和８４６％，而阴性组ＨＢｅＡｇ的检出率分别为２０％和４８％，两组差异显著。结论表明癌基因蛋白Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２Ｐ１８５和ｒａｓＰ２１的异常表达与ＨＢＶ复制密切相关。     

慢性肝炎和肝癌病人血清中乙型肝炎病毒DNA的检测

为了了解慢性肝炎和肝癌病人患者体内乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）复制与ＨＢＶ血清标志之间的关系，用酶联免疫吸附实验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）、聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）及斑点杂交方法对６１例慢性肝炎和４７例肝癌患者的ＨＢＶ表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）、相关ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）、表面抗体（抗－ＨＢｓ）、核心抗体（抗－ＨＢｃ）、相关ｅ抗体（抗－ＨＢｅ）进行了检测。结果表明：ＨＢＶＤＮＡ在ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、／抗－ＨＢｃ阳性的慢性肝炎和肝癌患者血清中的检出率分别为９０．５０％和５０．００％；在ＨＢｓＡｇ／抗－ＨＢｅ、抗－ＨＢｃ阳性者的检出率分别为４５．４０％和７．１４％；在ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性、ＨＢｅＡｇ阴性／抗－ＨＢｅ阴性者中的检出率分别为６０．００％和４０．００％；ＨＢｓＡｇ阴性、／抗－ＨＢｃ阳性或／抗－ＨＢｅ阳性或／抗－ＨＢｓ阳性者中的检出率分别为２０．００％和２２．２２％；在血清学指标全阴性时，慢性肝炎和肝癌患者血清中ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检出率均为０。实验提示：无论是肝炎或肝癌，在ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ同时阳性时，ＨＢＶ复制最为活跃；在单独ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性时，ＨＢＶ有一定程度的复制；ＨＢＶ复制在肝癌细胞中受到一定程度的抑制。     

不同慢性肝病患者血清中乙型肝炎病毒DNA定量检测及其临床意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒ＤＮＡ含量的临床意义。了解乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）免疫标志不同状态的慢性肝病患者血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度及其临床意义。方法应用建立的竞争性聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法定量检测慢性肝炎（ＣＨ）５１例、肝硬化（ＬＣ）３６例、原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）３８例的血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度。结果ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性的ＣＨ患者血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度为４．３６ｌｏｇ１０ＨＢＶＤＮＡ拷贝５０μｌ（下同），ＬＣ为４．５５，ＰＨＣ为４．４３，三组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；血清ＨＢＶ五项免疫标志均阴性或抗－ＨＢｓ阳性的慢性肝病患者中，有３７．５％患者存在低水平ＨＢＶ复制；ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性患者的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度总体上明显高于抗－ＨＢｅ阳性组，但其中部分患者的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ浓度也很高。结论提示ＨＢＶ的复制状态与慢性肝病的病期无明显关系；在抗－ＨＢｅ阳性的患者中存在个体差异，故不能仅依据抗－ＨＢｅ阳转来判断ＨＢＶ复制减少或停止。     

乙型肝炎病毒e抗原的纯化及其在人血清抗体检测中的应用

目的方法利用ＺｈｏｕＪｉａｎ教授提供的重组质粒ＤＮＡｐＢＶ２２０／ｅＡｇ，转染ＤＨ５α细胞，经３０℃培养３小时，４２℃培养６小时温度诱导后，提取乙型肝炎病毒ｅ抗原（ＨＢｅＡｇ）。经ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦａｓｔＦｌｏｗ层折纯化后免疫打点分析，收集阳性蛋白。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳，考马斯亮蓝Ｇ２５０染色，显示为单一的蛋白带，用免疫印迹法（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ）和免疫打点（ｌｍｍｕｎｏｄｏｔ）法，确定表达产物的特异性。将纯化的ＨＧｅＡｇ用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和免疫条。方法基检测人血清中的相关抗体。结果经４９例乙型肝炎病毒ｅ抗体（ＨＢｅＡｂ）阳性病人血清检验证实了其特异性。结论免疫条方法较ＥＬＩＳＡ方法更敏感、特异。     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原定量检测临床意义的探讨

为探讨乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）定量检测作为反映乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）复制情况的临床意义,本文对２００例ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性标本分别做ＨＢｓＡｇ定量检测和ＨＮＢ－ＤＮＡ检测,血清学标志物检测,并对１０例患者地行随访检测以上项目。根据测得的ＨＢｓＡｇ含量将２００例标本分为五组,计算出各组ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率,发现随ＨＢｓＡｇ含量增高,ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率也显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。根据ＨＢＶｅ系统不同模式分组显示,随ＨＢＶ感染好转,ＨＢｓＡｇ含量也随之降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。对６例ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴患者ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴前后的ＨＢｓＡｇ含量比较,发现随ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ转阴,ＨＢｓＡｇ量也显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）。综合以上结果,可以说明血清中ＨＢｓＡｇ含量,可以间接反映体内ＨＢＶ的情况,ＨＢｓＡｇ定量检测可作为间接反     

肝细胞刺激物质对感染鸭乙型肝炎病毒的雏鸭体内抗病毒作用的实验研究

以感染鸭乙型肝炎病毒（ＤＨＢＶ）的北京雏鸭为体内实验动物模型，观察了肝细胞刺激物质（ＨＳＳ）对鸭乙型肝炎病毒的抗病毒作用。１日龄北京鸭实验感染ＤＨＢＶ，７天后血清ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性，给予药物治疗１０天，用斑点杂交方法检测用药前后血清ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ，分析药物对血清ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ是否有抑制作用，结果显示：ＨＳＳ大、小两个剂量组（分别为５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ和２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ）均对ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ有抑制作用，大剂量组出现ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ抑制作用时间早于小剂量组，用药５天、１０天及停药３天血清ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ中位抑制率显著高于生理盐水对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；两个剂量组均无停药反跳；生理盐水组用药前后ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ的Ａ值比较差异无显著性意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。停药后３天肝组织病理光镜及电镜均显示ＨＳＳ组病变较生理盐水组轻。结论：肝细胞刺激物质有一定的保肝和抑制ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ复制的作用     

乙/丙型肝炎病毒双重感染患者前C区终止变异低频率

目的了解乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）双重感染患者前Ｃ区基因变异，及其可能的临床意义。方法用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）与限制片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）来分析２５例ＨＢＶＤＮＡ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均阳性（Ａ组）和３１例ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ阳性但抗－ＨＣＶ和ＨＣＶＲＮＡ均阴性（Ｂ组）的慢性肝病患者前Ｃ区密码２８终止变异（终２８）。结果ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ双重感染患者（Ａ组）血清ＨＢＶＤＮＡ第１次ＰＣＲ阳性率（１６％）明显低于单独ＨＢＶ感染组（６５％）（Ｐ＜０．００１）；前Ｃ终２８检出率（２８％）亦明显低于单独ＨＢＶ感染（６８％）（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论提示双重感染患者ＨＢＶ前Ｃ终止变异低频率可能与ＨＢＶ低水平复制有关     

前S1抗体反映肝细胞损伤和病毒清除

用前Ｓ１合成肽作试剂（抗原）建立一种酶免疫法，检测各型乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染系列血清。前Ｓ１抗体检出率在急性乙型肝炎为１００％，慢性活动型肝炎８０％，无症状ＨＢＶ携带者３０％，前Ｓ１抗体在ＨＢｓＡｇ阴转、抗－ＨＢｅ血清转换之前和之后分别为１０．５％和５０％，有显著性升高。各型感染的前Ｓ１抗体检出率与血清丙氨酸转氨酶水平相关。结果提示：前Ｓ１抗体较常出现在肝脏炎症活动时，并在清除ＨＢＶ中增高。因此，前引抗体可反映肝细胞损伤和病毒清除。     

乙肝不同血清模式及乙肝DNA定量与前S1抗原联合检测的临床意义

目的 探讨乙型肝炎患者不同的血清学模式、乙肝病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)与乙肝前S1抗原(Pre-S1 Ag)联合检测的临床意义.方法 采用化学免疫发光法(CLIA)定量筛选339例乙肝血清标志物阳性血清,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应法(FQ-PCR)检测HBV-DNA,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测Pre-S1 Ag.结果 乙肝不同血清模式下,HBV-DNA与Pre-S1 Ag检测结果比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc阳性组HBV-DNA检出率93.1％,Pre-S1Ag检出率86.1％.HBsAg、HBeAb、抗-HBc阳性组HBV-DNA检出率45.9％,Pre-S1 Ag检出率69.2％.HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性组HBV-DNA检出率61.0％,Pre-S1 Ag检出率72.9％.HBsAg、HBeAg阳性组HBV-DNA及Pre-S1 Ag检出率均为100％.以HBeAg阳性为对照HBV-DNA及Pre-S1 Ag检出率分别为87.3％和93.7％.HBV-DNA与Pre-S1 Ag检测结果比较差异有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 乙肝五项、HBV-DNA、Pre-S1Ag联合检测能够对乙肝病毒的感染、复制程度做出准确的判断,为临床治疗方案的选择和疗效的观察提供可靠的依据.     

Correlation between HBV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction and Pre-S1 antigenemia in symptomatic and asymptomatic hepatitis B virus infections

The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in sera from 73 symptomatic and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers was studied by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for the S and C regions. Pre-S proteins of the HBV envelope were detected in serum by a specific monoclonal antibody in a double immunoradiometric assay. Out of twenty-five symptomatic patients with chronic active hepatitis (14 with HBeAg and 11 with anti-HBe), all were positive for HBV DNA by PCR, while 14/14 HBeAg and 2/11 (18%) of the anti-HBe patients were positive by dot blot hybridization. All but one anti-HBe patient (96%) carried Pre-S1 proteins. Among the asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, HBV DNA was detected by PCR in 14/14 (100%) HBeAg positive patients and in 25/34 (73%) anti-HBe positive patients. Pre-S1 proteins were found, respectively, in 14/14 (100%) and 11/22 (50%) of the same cases tested in parallel. The 20 healthy blood donors devoid of HBV markers and with normal transaminases tested were found negative for HBV DNA using PCR. Out of 12 patients who recovered from acute hepatitis B, all were found negative by PCR analysis after a mean follow up of 1 year after seroconversion to anti-HBs. When serial samples from 2 patients (one with acute hepatitis B, the other with chronic hepatitis B) were tested for the presence of HBV DNA and of Pre-S1 proteins, both markers showed parallel development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

前S1抗原与抗-HBc IgM检测结果探讨

检测患者乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原（Pre-S1Ag）与抗-HBc IgM的水平,探讨两者与HBV急性感染的相关性,为乙型肝炎的早期诊治提供必要的理论依据。对90份临床标本分别采用PCR技术检测HBV-DNA载量阳性标本,采用固相R IA（SPR IA）检测HBeAg、抗-HBc IgM,采用胶体金免疫层析法检测Pre-S1Ag,并对结果进行分析。结果表明90份HBV-DNAPCR阳性标本中Pre-S1Ag阳性71份,HBeAg阳性60份,抗-HBc IgM阳性14份,其检测结果有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。血清Pre-S1Ag、抗-HBc IgM及HBeAg与HBV复制紧密相关。Pre-S1Ag明显优于抗-HBc IgM及HBeAg。因此,Pre-S1Ag的检测对乙型肝炎临床早期诊断、抗病毒治疗方案的选择和预后判断具有重要意义。     

Anti-HBc titers in HBeAg and anti-HBe positive asymptomatic HBsAg carriers

A study was undertaken to establish markers for HBV replication in relation to HBeAg and anti-HBe. HBsAg carriers with serum HBeAg had DNA polymerase activity in the serum and HBcAg in the liver nuclei. Anti-HBe positive and anti-HBe/HBeAg negative sera lacked these markers. For anti-HBc the following geometrical mean titers were calculated: 1: 12,000 for HBeAg positive, 1:9, 100 for anti-HBe and anti-HBc positive, and 1:2,800 for anti-HBc positive anti-HBe/HBeAg negative asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Follow up studies revealed mostly unchanged anti-HBc titers in all three groups over an observation period of ten to twenty months. Our data argue for a prolonged HBV replication in all HBsAg carrier subgroups compared to individuals with an uncomplicated acute virus-B-hepatitis. This study gives no final answer whether HBeAg negative HBsAg carriers have a continous HBV replication.     

High frequency of hepatitis B virus DNA in anti-HBe positive sera on longitudinal follow-up of patients with renal transplants and chronic hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were determined in 821 patients receiving renal allografts and undergoing immunosuppressive therapy during 1970-1986. Twenty-four of the patients with a renal transplant functioning for longer than 1 year originally were or became chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). These patients remained carriers during the follow-up period, which lasted until death or until the end of 1986. Follow-up time was 1.2-15.3 years (mean 9.1 years). A total of 301 samples from the HBsAg-positive patients were tested for HBV DNA and HBeAg/DNA and HBeAg/anti-HBe. Nine patients who were constantly positive for HBeAg also remained positive for HBV DNA. Reactivation of HBV replication occurred in 11 patients. Among these, HBV DNA and HBeAg varied in parallel in six patients, three patients developed anti-HBe, and two patients were constantly positive for anti-HBe. Another four of the 24 patients seroconverted to anti-HBe, and two of these also lost HBV DNA. Three of 12 deceased patients died from liver failure during follow-up. None of these three had been constantly positive for HBeAg or HBV DNA, but they had had reactivations of HBV; two were also positive for HBV DNA in serum specimens available from their terminal month. HBV DNA was demonstrated in 99% of HBeAg-positive and 53% of anti-HBe-positive sera and in at least two samples from each of the 24 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

老年慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织内Pre－S2蛋白的表达及意义

用免疫组织化学方法和单克隆抗体检测５７例老年慢性乙肝患者肝组织内Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白和ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｃＡｇ，并与６３例非老年患者进行比较。老年组Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白总阳性率为７５．４％（４３／５７），非老年组为５４．０％（３４／６３），两组差异显著。老年组Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白阳性细胞数非常显著地高于非老年组，膜型Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２阳性率９３．０％（４０／４３），Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２与ＨＢｓＡｇ符合占９１．２％（５２／５７）。４３例Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白阳性标本中血清ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性５３．５％（２３／４３），ＨＢｅＡｂ阳性４１．９％（１８／４３）。认为老年慢性乙肝肝内Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白表达高于非老年的，Ｐｒｅ－Ｓ２蛋白免疫反应与ＨＢｓＡｇ相似并可能在ＨＢｓＡｇ免疫特性中起作用。     

Virus receptors for polymerized human albumin: A prognostic marker in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis type B?

Seventeen out of 30 patients with chronic hepatitis type B with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in serum remained persistently positive for e antigen, while 13 seroconverted to antibody (anti-HBe) when followed over a period of one to five years. Initial levels of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, such as the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBeAg, and HBV-DNA polymerase (HBV-DNAP) were similar in the two groups of patients, while initial titres of the HBsAg-associated receptor for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA), recently identified on HBV particles, were significantly higher in the patients who remained HBeAg positive (mean titre +/- SD = 2(-7.00) +/- 2(-3.2)) compared to the cases who eventually seroconverted to anti-HBe during the follow-up (2(-2.54) +/- 2(-2.14) P less than 0.001). A receptor titre above 1:64 by haemagglutination was highly predictive of persistence of HBeAg, suggesting that in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis testing for the HBsAg-associated pHSA receptor may be useful in predicting the duration of HBe antigenaemia, with relevant clinical and prognostic implications.     

New assays for quantitative determination of viral markers in management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

We performed a quantitative study of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, including new parameters such as pre-S1 antigen (Ag), pre-S2 Ag, and anti-HBx, in 88 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. New IMx assays for HBsAg and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-HBc detection were also used. The population studied was composed of 65 chronic hepatitis cases (40 positive for hepatitis B antigen [HBeAg] and 25 positive for anti-HBe) and 23 anti-HBe-positive, asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Serum HBsAg levels detected by IMx were higher in HBeAg-positive than in anti-HBe-positive HBsAg carriers (all patient subgroups included) and correlated with the serum HBV DNA level (P = 0.0001). Both pre-S1 and pre-S2 Ags were detected by enzyme immunoassays in almost all HBsAg carriers. Both pre-S1 and pre-S2 Ag titers correlated positively with the serum HBsAg concentration (P = 0.0001), but only the pre-S1 Ag titer correlated with the level of serum HBV DNA (P = 0.02). The detection of low levels of IgM anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibodies by IMx was associated with the presence of liver disease (P = 0.05) but not with the level of viral replication. The prevalence of anti-HBx antibodies detected by the enzyme immunoassay was slightly, although not significantly, higher in patients with high levels of HBV DNA (greater than 100 pg/ml) than in patients without detectable HBV DNA (P = 0.16). In anti-HBe-positive chronic HBsAg carriers, the quantitative detection of serum HBV DNA, pre-S Ag titers, and IgM anti HBc allowed us to predict which patients suffered from chronic liver disease and/or supported viral replication (P < 0.05). In a follow-up study of eight patients undergoing antiviral therapy, the clearance of both pre-S1 Ag and HBV DNA was associated with a subsequent clearance of HBV. Therefore, the quantitative determination of HBV DNA, pre-S Ags, IgM anti-HBc may prove useful for the decision to use and the monitoring of antiviral therapy, especially in anti-HBe-positive HBsAg carriers.