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1.
Inserm is the only French public research institution entirely dedicated to human health. Inserm supports research across the biomedical spectrum in all major disease areas, from fundamental lab-based science to clinical trials. To translate its scientists’ findings into tangible health benefits, Inserm has its own affiliated company, Inserm Transfert, which works with industry. Since 2001, Inserm has been setting up on-line file management software for the evaluation of researchers and laboratories, called EVA (). EVA includes all grant applications, assessment reports, evaluation grading evaluation forms and includes automated bibliometric indicator software that enables calculating, for example, the number of publications, journal impact factors, number of citations, citation index, and number of the Top 1 publications for each researcher of the teams. The indicators take into account research fields, the year of publications, and the author’s position among the participants. Bibliometrics is now considered a tool for science policy providing indicators to measure productivity and scientific quality, thereby supplying a basis for evaluating and orienting R&D. It is also a potential tool for evaluation. It is neutral, allows comparative (national and international) assessment, and may select papers in the forefront in all fields. For each team, bibliometric indicators are calculated for all researchers with permanent or long-term positions (3–5 years). The use of bibliometric indicators requires great vigilance, but according to our experience they enrich the committee’s debates without any doubt. We present an analysis of the data of 600 research teams evaluated in 2007–2008.  相似文献   

2.
A common problem in comparative bibliometric studies at the meso and micro level is the differentiation and specialization of research profiles of the objects of analysis at lower levels of aggregation. In this study, institutional profile clusters are used to examine which level of the hierarchical subject classification should preferably be used to build subject-normalized citation indicators. It is shown that a set of properly normalized indicators can serve as a basis of comparative assessment within and even among different clusters, provided that their profiles still overlap and such comparison is thus meaningful. Using the example of 24 European universities, a new version of relational charts is presented for the comparative assessment of citation impact.  相似文献   

3.
Quantitative risk assessment: qualms and questions   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Within the past ten years, quantitative risk assessment has come to play a central role in the federal regulation of carcinogens. Federal agencies use quantitative risk both to set priorities and to establish exposure levels. The use of quantitative risk assessment is mandated by Executive Orders requiring performance of cost-benefit analysis, although performance of assessments has often been ascribed to the Supreme Court decision in the 1980 "benzene" case. Quantitative risk assessment is a deeply flawed methodology with results that give a false sense of certainty and objectivity. Also, the nature of quantitative risk assessment methodologies currently in use makes it difficult for members of the public to scrutinize and assess regulatory actions. Quantitative risk assessment should not be used for regulation of carcinogens, especially not for establishing exposure levels. Instead, alternative methodologies should be utilized, which are appropriately reflective of uncertainty and which are more readily accessible to public scrutiny and participation.  相似文献   

4.
Evaluating individual research performance is a complex task that ideally examines productivity, scientific impact, and research quality--a task that metrics alone have been unable to achieve. In January 2011, the French Academy of Sciences published a report on current bibliometric (citation metric) methods for evaluating individual researchers, as well as recommendations for the integration of quality assessment. Here, I draw on key issues raised by this report and comment on the suggestions for improving existing research evaluation practices.  相似文献   

5.
Assessment of a chemical's potential to cause permanent changes in the genetic code has been a common practice in the industry and regulatory settings for decades. Furthermore, the genetic toxicity battery of tests has typically been employed during the earliest stages of the research and development programs of new product development. A positive outcome from such battery has a major impact on the chemical's utility, industrial hygiene, product stewardship practices, and product life cycle analysis, among many other decisions that need to be taken by the industry, even before the registration of a chemical is undertaken. Under the prevailing regulatory paradigm, the dichotomous (yes/no) evaluation of the chemical's genotoxic potential leads to a conservative, linear no-threshold (LNT) risk assessment, unless compelling and undeniable data to the contrary can be provided to satisfy regulators, typically in a number of different global jurisdictions. With the current advent of predictive methods, new testing paradigms, mode-of-action/adverse outcome pathways, and quantitative risk assessment approaches, various stakeholders are starting to employ these state-of-the-science methodologies to further the conversation on decision making and advance the regulatory paradigm beyond the dominant LNT status quo. This commentary describes these novel methodologies, relevant biological responses, and how these can affect internal and regulatory risk assessment approaches. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:84–93, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

6.

Background and objectives

Previous reviews have expressed concerns about the quality of telemedicine studies. There is debate about shortcomings and appropriate methodologies. The aim of this review of systematic reviews of telemedicine is to summarize methodologies used in telemedicine research, discuss knowledge gaps and recommendations and suggest methodological approaches for further research.

Methods

We conducted a review of systematic reviews of telemedicine according to a protocol listing explicit methods, selection criteria, data collection and quality assessment procedures. We included reviews where authors explicitly addressed and made recommendations for assessment methodologies. We did a qualitative analysis of the reviews included, sensitized by two broad methodological positions; positivist and naturalistic approaches. The analysis focused on methodologies used in the primary studies included in the reviews as reported by the review authors, and methodological recommendations made by the review authors.

Results

We identified 1593 titles/abstracts. We included 50 reviews that explicitly addressed assessment methodologies. One group of reviews recommended larger and more rigorously designed controlled studies to assess the impacts of telemedicine; a second group proposed standardisation of populations, and/or interventions and outcome measures to reduce heterogeneity and facilitate meta-analysis; a third group recommended combining quantitative and qualitative research methods; and others applying different naturalistic approaches including methodologies addressing mutual adaptations of services and users; politically driven action research and formative research aimed at collaboration to ensure capacity for improvement of services in natural settings.

Conclusions

Larger and more rigorous studies are crucial for the production of evidence of effectiveness of unambiguous telemedicine services for pre defined outcome measures. Summative methodologies acknowledging telemedicine as complex innovations and outcomes as partly contingent on values, meanings and contexts are also important. So are formative, naturalistic methodologies that acknowledge telemedicine as ongoing collaborative achievements and engage with stakeholders, including patients to produce and conceptualise new and effective telemedicine innovations.  相似文献   

7.
Evidence regarding the heritability of unipolar depression is evaluated. The data reviewed here support the involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of unipolar depression and its suitability for independent genetic inquiry, despite our inability to identify the mode(s) of transmission or identify a candidate locus. Continued progress in testing etiologic hypotheses requires (a) clarification of the mode of transmission; (b) resolution of phenotypic and potential genotypic heterogeneity; (c) general agreement on a gold standard for assessment of the unipolar phenotype; (d) the continued application of available quantitative methods to take into account the effects of ascertainment bias, sex effects, cohort effects, and variable/late age at onset; and (e) incorporation of quantitative indicators correlated with liability in multivariate analysis to improve the stability/validity of phenotypic determinations in segregation and linkage analysis. We present several recommendations regarding the extension of current methodologies in human population and quantitative genetics to help resolve these issues.This research was supported in part by NIMH Research Training Grant MH-14677 to Dr. Moldin, NIMH Grants MH-37685, MH-31302, MH-24530, and MH-43028 to Dr. Rice, and NIMH Grant MH-45522 to Dr. Reich.  相似文献   

8.
We used quantitative methodology to examine the first three decades of the journal Psychophysiology from a standpoint of historic interest. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 1,781 works published during this period. In total, 2,537 authors have published in the journal. The distribution of their productivity matches approximately what would be expected based on previous bibliometric investigations. A constant increase in the collaboration between researchers was evident (reaching an average of 2.56 authors per paper). The literature cited in these articles dates back between 4.53 and 8.12 years (M= 6.48 years). These bibliometric results show that this journal can be placed among the most experimentally oriented group within the field of psychology.  相似文献   

9.
步态对称性是人体步态的重要特征之一,客观量化步态对称性是步态分析研究领域广泛关注的热点问题。综述分析近30年相关研究相继提出的基于离散量化分析、连续量化分析和统计量化分析的步态对称性客观量化评价方法,可穿戴、网络化、智能化已成为当前量化评价步态对称性的主要技术特点。探寻新的步态对称性模型、新的步态对称性量化指标,先进的量化评价步态对称性技术手段是当前相关研究亟待解决的关键问题和未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

10.
从文献分析角度聚焦国际转化医学研究发展及现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用文献计量分析、共现分析及引文分析等方法,对1900年至今Web of Science收录的国际上发表的5 147篇转化医学方面的文献进行分析,并采用信息分析可视化方法揭示其发展历程、学科研究热点及其学科结构,以期从文献分析角度把握国际转化医学发展历程、研究模式及其主要研究内容,为国内开展转化医学研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

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