Rosette formation by human,guinea pig,and rat lymphocytes with spermatozoa

Cells forming rosettes with homologous or heterologous spermatozoa were found in the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow of sexually mature guinea pigs and of 14–30-week-old human fetuses, and also in the peripheral blood of men suffering from sterility. On the development of autoimmune orchitis after measured trauma to the testis in rats or after immunization of guinea pigs with testicular tissue homogenate mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant, cells forming rosettes with spermatozoa were found to appear in the spleen and thymus of the rats, and their number in the lymphoid organs of the guinea pigs increased. These procedures had no effect on the number of cells forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells in the lymphoid organs of rats and guinea pigs. The possible use of this newly discovered ability of human and animal lymphocytes to form spontaneous and immune rosettes with spermatozoa as a means of assessing the degree of differentiation of lymphocytes and of their sensitization to spermatozoal antigens in cases of disturbance of spermatogenesis of autoimmune nature is discussed.Laboratory of Human Embryonic Histogenesis, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 464–467, April 1977.     

Proliferative activity of ectopic bone tissue induced by transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder in guinea pigs

Proliferative activity of osteogenic cells of ectopic bone induced by transitional epithelium, and in a stationary state, was studied in guinea pigs by autoradiography. On the side of the bone surface facing the inducing layer and foci of ectopic hematopoiesis, proliferative activity was higher than on the side facing the surrounding connective tissue. Osteoblasts remain only 44 h on the bone surface. Inducing epithelium proliferates more intensively than the noninducing, differentiated epithelium.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 70, No. 12, pp. 79–82, December, 1970.     

Transfer of bone-marrow microenvironment by clones of stromal mechanocytes

Colonies consistign of clones of bone-marrow stromal fibroblasts, grown in monolayer cultures of mouse and guinea pig bone-marrow cells, transfer the hematopoietic microenvironment on retransplantation into the animal. Individual clones simultaneously form bone tissue and create a microenvironment for all three branches of medullary hematopoiesis: erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytio.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Baroyan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 12, pp. 705–707, December, 1978.     

State of the lung surfactant in animals of different species

The activity of the lung surfactant in mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and dogs was found to be within normal limits with variation of the coefficient of stability of the air bubbles between 0.84 and 0.93. Differences in the content of surfactant in animals of different species depend on the frequency, severity, and character of spontaneous pulmonary pathology. The data obtained can be used as the starting point for the study of the surfactant system of the lungs in various experimentally induced pathological states of the lung tissue.S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR I. S. Kolesnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 11–13, January, 1978.     

Age-related changes in the content of clonogenic stromal precursor cells in the hematopoietic organs of guinea pigs

The population of stromal precursors in the femoral marrow, spleen, and thymus was determined by monolayer culture of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue in guinea pigs of different ages. The number of clonogenic stromal precursor cells was found to depend on the animals' age. It reached a maximum in the femoral marrow and spleen after 2 months, thereafter it remained unchanged with age in the spleen, but decreased significantly in the bone marrow. In the period of active function of the thymus the population of its stromal precursors remained relatively constant, but in old guinea pigs no stromal precursors were present.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 96–98, July, 1978.     

Local Schwartzmann's phenomenon in germfree guinea pigs

To reproduce the local Schwartzmann phenomenon, heat-killed cells ofCitrobacter orEscherichia coli were injected intradermally and intravenously into 11 germfree guinea pigs, two guinea pigs monoassociated withCitrobacter, and 25 control guinea pigs. All the germfree animals were refractory to the phenomenon, whereas 20 of the 25 control animals gave a positive reaction. A zone of infiltration at the site of intradermal injection was present in all the control guinea pigs but in none of the germfree animals. The possible primary and secondary mechanisms of suppression of the Schwartzmann phenomenon in the absence of the normal microflora are discussed.N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. V. Vygodchikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 7, pp. 76–78, July, 1975.     

Cytochemical characteristics of hematopoietic cells of laboratory animals

The cytochemical distribution of alkaline and acid phosphatases, -naphthylacetate esterase, peroxidase, lipids, and glycogen was determined in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of noninbred albino rats and guinea pigs. The intensity of the reaction was assessed by Kaplow's method. The cytoenzymic spectrum of the hematopoietic cells and the character of changes in their metabolism during cell differentiation and maturation were established. Quantitative specific differences were found in the content of chemical substances in the blood and bone marrow cells of rats and guinea pigs.Medical Institute, Tomsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. D. Yablokov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 612–614, May, 1976.     

Changes in guanase activity in the lungs and serum of guinea pigs with anaphylactic shock

The guanase activity of the lung tissue and blood serum of guinea pigs is increased after anaphylactic shock.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. E. Severin.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 70, No. 12, pp. 22–23, December, 1970.     

Origin of stromal mechanocytes in bone marrow cultures

The strain of origin of fibroblasts growing in monolayer bone marrow cultures of semisyngeneic heterotopic grafts and radiochimeras was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method using an isoantiserum. All fibroblasts from bone marrow of complete radiochimeras were shown to be of recipient origin whereas histocyte—macrophages in the same cultures were of donor origin. All fibroblasts in bone marrow cultures of heterotopic grafts belonged to the original donor, whereas 80% of the histiocytes were of recipient origin. This proves directly that the stromal mechanocytes and hematopoietic cells, and also the macrophages, belonged to different cell lines.Laboratory of Immunomorphology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR O. V. Barovan.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 10, pp. 1270–1271, October, 1976.     

Mechanism of the stimulating action of an electric current on reparative regeneration of bone tissue

The dynamics of the ATP concentration in regenerating bone tissue was studied in experiments on rabbits after incomplete osteotomy or resection of a piece of bone and also during stimulation of reparative osteogenesis in the region of a bone defect by means of a pulsed electric current. The ATP concentration in the callus after incomplete osteotomy and during electrical stimulation was found to be higher than in regenerating bone tissue after resection of the bone fragment in the absence of stimulation. It can be concluded that improvement of the energy supply for fracture healing is an important factor in the mechanisms of the stimulating effect of an electric current on reparative regeneration of bone tissue.Laboratory of Biophysics and Radiological Department, N. N. Priorov Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the USSR. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Moscow Energy Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR M. V. Volkov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 361–362, September, 1978.