成人下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达及意义

目的 观察成人下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达和分布。方法 HE染色法和免疫组织化学SABC法。结果 成人下颌下腺内闰管、纹状管和部分小叶间导管上皮细胞呈瘦素及瘦素受体免疫阳性反应，免疫反应产物分布于导管上皮细胞胞质内，细胞核呈阴性反应。结论 成人下颌下腺内有瘦素和瘦素受体表达，可能参与调节胃肠功能及下颌下腺自身的分泌活动。     

人乳腺癌雌激素受体的免疫组织化学测定

一、材料和方法人乳腺癌标本由上海市房地产管理局职工医院、瑞金医院和市第九医院收集，贮于一SOC；6－7［3H］－E2购自中科院原子核研究所；DAB和兔一PAP－IgG均为Sigma公司产品；兔抗小鼠IgG和羊抗兔IgG均为上海生物制品研究所产品；抗人乳腺癌雌激素受体（ER）单抗（IH12）为本所研制[1]。PAP免疫级化法：将冻存的标本作厚SPin冰冻切片，室温放置10分钟，3．7％福马林固定15分钟，浸入甲醇和丙酮各3分钟，10％小牛血清封闭15分钟，分别滴加ER单抗（1H12腹水1：10）和无关腹水（阴性对照）、PBS（空白对照），湿盒内1小时…     

胎儿下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达及定位

目的：观察胎儿下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达、分布及发育规律。方法：HE染色法和免疫组织化学SABC法。结果：胎儿下颌下腺内纹状管和小叶问导管上皮细胞呈瘦素及瘦素受体免疫阳性反应,免疫反应产物分布于导管上皮细胞胞质内,细胞核星阴性反应。在胚胎发育的不同阶段,免疫反应强度亦不等。结论：瘦素和瘦素受体表达于胎儿下颌下腺内,可能参与调节胎儿下颌下腺和胃肠的发育及功能活动。     

B淋巴细胞在人胎肝内发育的免疫组织化学研究

用免疫组织化学法，在冰冻切片上观察了不同胎龄组肝内产Ｂ细胞的形态，分布及其分化为Ｂ细胞过程中抗原的变化。在早期胎肝（９～２０周）内有较多的前Ｂ细胞，大小不一，形态各异，但有共同的抗原，如ＩｇＭ、ＢＡ－１、ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ和ＴｄＴ均为阳性，这些细胞多数分布在胎儿肝的窦周隙，少部分分布于窦内或血管周围。第１３周后开始出现ＩｇＤ和ＩｇＡ阳性细胞，ＯＫＢ－２和Ｌｅｕ１４阳性细胞随之大量增加，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ，Ｋａ     

人胎生长发育过程中Bcl-2/Bax蛋白在胃壁组织中的表达

目的:探讨人胎胃发育过程中细胞增殖与凋亡的变化规律.方法:应用免疫组织化学ABC法检测人胎胃壁组织内Bcl-2/Bax蛋白的表达.结果:第9～15周人胎胃壁肌间神经丛和黏膜下层部分细胞呈Bcl-2蛋白阳性表达,胃上皮细胞中见少量Bcl-2蛋白表达;Bax蛋白在胃上皮细胞的胞质内呈阳性或弱阳性表达,在肌间神经丛和黏膜下层有少数细胞呈弱阳性表达.结论:Bcl-2/Bax与人胎胃的生长发育关系密切.     

增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胎胃壁组织中的表达

背景：增殖细胞核抗原表达增高可促进细胞DNA合成增加,反映细胞增殖状况。C-Fos与DNA结合可直接调节具有转录活性的转录因子,在胚胎细胞的发育过程中,对细胞的生长、分化及增殖起促进作用。 目的：观察增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胎胃组织中的表达。 方法：应用免疫组织化学法和图像分析软件检测第2,3,4三个月龄段,人胎胃组织细胞中PCNA和C-Fos蛋白阳性表达的积分吸光度。 结果与结论：第2~4个月胎龄段,增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胎胃壁各层组织细胞均呈阳性表达。随着胎龄的增大,胃壁组织中增殖细胞核抗原蛋白阳性表达先升高再降低,C-Fos蛋白阳性表达则逐渐增高(P < 0.01)。提示增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胚胎早期胃组织细胞的生长发育过程中起重要的调节作用。     

人胎蓝斑神经元免疫组织化学研究

为了探讨人蓝斑神经元的胚胎发育特征 ,为蓝斑 -脊髓移植选择适宜胎龄提供形态学根据 ,本研究用免疫组织化学技术系统地观察了人胎蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶样免疫反应阳性神经元的发育。结果证明 :( 1)蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元在胎龄 4个月时已经出现在蓝斑的腹侧部 ;( 2 )蓝斑酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元随胎龄增长逐渐增多 ,以 5个月时增加显著 ;( 3)酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元的密度在胚胎早期升高 ,晚期呈下降趋势 ;( 4)酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元主要分布在蓝斑的背侧部 ,少量散在于腹侧部 ;( 5)酪氨酸羟化酶样神经元开始出现时呈圆形或卵圆形 ,5～ 6个月时呈锥形和梭形 ,7～ 8个月时则以梭形、多角形为主。其胞体逐渐增大 ,胞浆逐渐增多 ,核浆之比由大变小 ,胞突从粗短变为细长平滑。本研究结果提示 ,人胎蓝斑移植以 4个月胎龄者作移植供体较为适宜     

瘦素及其受体在大鼠下颌下腺的定位研究

目的研究大鼠下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达及意义。方法取SD大鼠下颌下腺,分别进行HE染色和瘦素与瘦素受体的免疫组织化学染色。结果大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管和纹状管上皮细胞呈瘦素及其受体免疫反应阳性,其中颗粒曲管为强阳性反应,而纹状管为中等阳性反应,腺泡细胞为阴性。结论大鼠下颌下腺导管上皮细胞有瘦素及瘦素受体表达,提示下颌下腺也可能参与机体能量代谢与平衡的调节。     

瘦素及其受体在人胚胎小肠不同发育阶段的表达

目的对22例13周～24周胎龄早期胎儿空肠、回肠的组织发育和空肠、回肠内瘦素及其受体分布进行观察。方法采用苏木精-伊红和免疫组织化学SABC染色方法。结果在13周时,空肠和回肠均出现绒毛。20周时,空肠出现薄层黏膜肌,而回肠在24周时才可见黏膜肌,至此小肠壁四层结构才分界清楚。空肠及回肠在13周时,绒毛上皮细胞均呈瘦素及其受体免疫反应阳性。随胎龄增加,两者反应强度均无明显变化。结论人胚胎发育早期,在空肠和回肠黏膜上皮内有瘦素及其受体的表达,推测瘦素可能作为一种生长因子,参与早期小肠结构的发育。     

Intralobular ducts of human major salivary glands contain leptin and its receptor

Leptin, a 16-kDa hormone, plays an important role in the control of food intake and in energy homeostasis both in rodents and in man. Leptin is mainly produced and secreted by adipocytes, but other tissues and gastric glands have also recently been shown to produce it in a dual (endocrine and exocrine) mode. In addition, a leptin receptor has been detected in taste cells of mouse circumvallate papillae and in rat intestinal epithelium. These data prompted us to carry out a detailed study of human salivary glands as potential leptin-producing organs. Biopsies of salivary glands (submandibular and parotid) obtained from male and female patients during surgery for different clinical indications were subjected to immunohistochemical study for the presence of leptin, its functional receptor, insulin and glucagon. The presence and cellular distribution of glucocorticoid receptor in leptin-secreting cells were also investigated. Double immunohistochemical staining (silver-gold intensification and avidin-biotin-peroxidase) was used for the visualization of glucocorticoid receptor and leptin labelling, respectively. The results show that intralobular duct cells of submandibular and parotid glands are immunoreactive for leptin, leptin receptor and glucagon but not for insulin. Leptin was also detected in some microglobules in whole saliva obtained from four healthy volunteers. Co-localization for leptin, leptin receptor and glucocorticoid receptor in the same cell type suggested a functional relationship between glucocorticoid hormone and leptin secretion also at the level of the salivary glands.     

胎儿侧脑室室管膜发育的免疫组织化学和电镜研究

目的：探讨胎儿脑发育过程中出现的放射状胶质细胞、伸展细胞和普通室管膜细胞之间的关系。方法：运用HE染色、免疫组化染色和电镜观察胎儿侧脑室室管膜组织。结果：12w时可见放射状胶质细胞和位于室管膜层的神经干细胞样细胞。少数放射状胶质细胞有单纤毛;20w时室管膜胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)呈阳性,伸展细胞出现在室管膜层;28w大量GFAP阳性的星状胶质细胞位于室管膜下层和中间层;以后GFAP阳性强度和细胞数开始下降。39w时GFAP阴性,无法见到伸展细胞。结论：放射状胶质细胞主要转变为星状胶质细胞,少量转化为普通的室管膜细胞。伸展细胞可能来源于神经干细胞,部份转化为普通室管膜细胞;部分可能转化为其他细胞,可能是室管膜瘤中伸展细胞的来源。     

Thymalin in developing respiratory organs of human fetus

We studied the appearance of immunomodulator thymalin in human respiratory organs during early embryogenesis. Thymalin accumulated in young cells of airway epithelium. In the alveolar part thymalin-positive cells were diffusely spread. Mature T cells (CD3⁺) and the main regulatory elements (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) were detected during the same period in the lungs in the absence of thymic microenvironment. The function of immune elements forming in fetal lungs is local protection of the fetus from potentially aggressive maternal cells and infectious agents entering the body through the trachea and fetal blood vessels.     

Structural and immunologic parameters of peyer's patches in the human fetus

Laboratory of Embryonic Histogenesis, Research Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 5, pp. 621–623, May, 1988.     

Origin of the styloglossus muscle in the human fetus

The origin of the styloglossus muscle was histologically studied bilaterally in nine human fetuses (18 sides). In all cases, the muscle originated in Reichert's cartilage, which gives rise to the temporal styloid process. We identified three types of variation: type A, an accessory muscle fascicle originating from the mandibular angle, found in 7 cases (12 sides); type B, where the styloglossus muscle was attached to the mandibular angle by fibrous tracts, found in three cases (4 sides); and type C, where an accessory muscle fascicle arose from the fibrous tract connecting Reichert's cartilage to the mandibular angle; found in one case. In all cases (2 sides), the styloglossus muscle was innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. Relationships between the styloglossus muscle and vasculonervous elements of the prestyloid and retrostyloid spaces were analysed.     

Endometrial leptin and leptin receptor expression in women with severe/moderate endometriosis

The leptin system has been implicated in reproductive function, acting at endocrine and paracrine levels. Recently, deregulation of this gene family has been linked to endometrial changes caused by endometriosis. In the present study, we compare the expression of leptin receptor mRNA during the pre-receptive (LH+2) and receptive (LH+9) phases in the eutopic endometrium from patients with severe/moderate endometriosis (n = 30) versus fertile controls (n = 12). In each patient, two endometrial samples were obtained at LH+2 and LH+9 in their natural cycles. When real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR was performed, an up-regulation of OB-RL and all the isoforms investigated was observed at LH+9 versus LH+2 in patients with and without endometriosis. However, no difference was found in the expression pattern of the total leptin receptor OB-RT, or in its long OB-RL and soluble HuB219.3 forms when the eutopic endometria of patients with severe/moderate endometriosis and fertile controls were compared. By means of in situ hybridization, total leptin receptor mRNA was localized in the luminal epithelium and the glands of the endometrium. The immunohistochemical analysis of the long form of leptin receptor was also performed in order to confirm these findings at the protein level. Finally, we have also shown similar leptin mRNA expression in both the control group and patients with endometriosis. In conclusion, we have not identified differences in the endometrial expression and localization of leptin and the leptin receptor when comparing the eutopic endometrium of women with severe/moderate endometriosis and fertile controls.     

Leptin长型受体与生长抑素共存于猪前脑内

目的：研究三元杂交猪和梅山猪仔猪前脑内Leptin长型受体(Ob-Rb)mRNA与生长抑素(SS)免疫反应阳性物质的共存关系。方法：用原位杂交与免疫组织化学相结合的方法。结果：Leptin长型受体mRNA和生长抑素免疫反应阳性神经元分布于下丘脑室周核、背内侧核、腹内侧核、室旁核、海马杏仁核及大脑皮质。上述结构内一些表达Leptin长型受体mRNA的神经元也含有生长抑素免疫反应阳性物质。结论：两种猪前脑内Ob-Rb mRNA与SS免疫反应阳性物质的共存情况无明显差异。Leptin可直接作用于下丘脑的生长抑素免疫反应阳性神经元调节动物的能量代谢生长和繁殖等活动。