粘着斑激酶在血管内皮细胞黏附和迁移中的作用

目的 采用粘着斑激酶（focal adhesion kinases,FAK)抑制剂抑制FAK在Y397位点的酪氨酸磷酸化,测定不同浓度的FAK抑制剂的对内皮细胞黏附、迁移及下游信号Rac1蛋白表达的影响,探索粘着斑激酶在内皮细胞黏附和迁移中的作用。方法 运用内皮损伤模型（划痕法）测定FAK抑制剂在2、4、8、24 h各时间点对EA.hy 926细胞迁移的影响。Western blot结合免疫荧光测定不同浓度的0~250 nmol/mL的FAK抑制剂的加入对Rac1蛋白分布和表达的影响。结果 随着FAK抑制剂浓度的增加,细胞迁移距离减少,Rac1蛋白表达逐渐减弱。结论 抑制FAK的磷酸化将抑制内皮细胞的黏附和迁移的生物学行为,下游Rac1蛋白表达降低。内皮细胞的黏附和迁移与FAKRho GTPases 信号轴相关。     

Rac1参与调节IL-8诱导的内皮细胞迁移

研究Rac1是否参与调节IL-8诱导的内皮细胞迁移.采用Transwell小室迁移率分析法,考察不同Matrigel稀释比例以及IL-8不同作用时间对内皮细胞迁移的影响;同时用RT-PCR法检测Rac1 mRNA的表达.结果表明,Matrigel稀释比例为1:2时与比例为1:3、1:8时细胞迁移数量有显著性差异,而比例为1:4、1:5和1:6时与其他各组没有显著性差异;故选用Matrigel稀释比例1:4进行后期实验,随着IL-8作用时间的增加,内皮细胞迁移数量也逐渐增加;IL-8作用6h后,Rac1 mRNA的表达较其他各时间组稍强.以上结果提示,Rac1参与调节IL-8诱导的内皮细胞迁移,本实验为进一步研究Rac1在IL-8诱导内皮细胞迁移中的作用奠定基础.     

IL-8诱导血管内皮细胞迁移的实验研究

为了探讨不同浓度IL-8诱导的血管内皮细胞迁移从而为进-步研究IL-8引起血管内皮细胞迁移的分子机理选择最佳的IL-8浓度。采用内皮细胞transwell小室迁移率分析法和刮除-迁移分析法，考察IL-8对血管内皮细胞迁移的影响。结果表明，各种浓度的IL-8均可促进血管内皮细胞迁移，其中以IL-8浓度为100ng／ml时内皮细胞迁移率最高。     

PDGF、FN诱导FHL1细胞增殖的PI3K信号转导通路研究

目的探讨血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）和纤维连接蛋白（FN）诱导人胚胎肺成纤维细胞（HFL1）增殖的磷酸酰基醇-3-激酶（PI3K）信号转导通路。方法采用不同浓度的PDGF和FN分别刺激HFL1并观察PI3K抑制剂wortmannin（WMN）对PDGF、FN诱导HFL1增殖作用的影响。用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法检测各组细胞增殖情况。结果PDGF和FN对HFL1的诱导增殖作用明显,并呈剂量依赖性升高趋势,二者均在50ng／mL时作用显著：PI3K抑制剂wortmannin可抑制PDGF和FN诱导的HFL1细胞增殖。结论PDGF和FN诱导HFL1的细胞增殖可以通过PI3K信号转导途径实现。     

PI3K/PKB信号通路在TGF-β_1诱导人肝星状细胞表达骨桥蛋白中的作用

目的:研究磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/PKB)信号通路在转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)诱导人肝星状细胞表达骨桥蛋白(OPN)的调控作用。方法:体外培养LX-2人肝星状细胞株,予TGF-β1(终浓度2.5、5、10、20μg/L)刺激24 h或予TGF-β1(终浓度10μg/L)刺激12 h、24 h、48 h;先经PI3K/PKB信号通路特异性抑制剂wortmannin(0.1μmol/L)预处理1 h,再予10μg/L TGF-β1刺激24 h,收集细胞,采用real-time PCR及Western blotting法检测OPN表达情况。结果:TGF-β1能够促进LX-2细胞表达OPN,在一定浓度和时间范围内,其表达量随着TGF-β1浓度和时间的增加而增加,呈剂量和时间依赖性关系;经wortmannin预处理再予TGF-β1刺激的LX-2细胞,与对照组相比,OPN表达受到明显抑制(P0.01)。结论:TGF-β1对LX-2人肝星状细胞OPN表达具有诱导作用,此作用可能受PI3K/PKB信号通路的调控。     

力-化学耦合作用在血管内皮细胞迁移中的作用及其力学生物学机制

目的 研究力学与化学因素的耦合在内皮细胞迁移过程中的作用以及其中的力学生物学机制。方法 在不同大小剪应力下分别用RTPCR、Western blot以及免疫荧光的方法检测内皮细胞CXCR1和CXCR2的表达变化;用antiIL8RA和antiIL8RB拮抗CXCR1和CXCR2,在剪应力作用下观察内皮细胞迁移情况;采用脂质体包绕法分别将Rac1及RhoA的野生型、活化型和抑制型3种质粒转染入内皮细胞,将转染了Rac1的3种质粒的细胞分别施加力学（剪应力）和化学（IL-8）刺激,对转染了RhoA的3种质粒的细胞施加化学刺激,检测以上条件下内皮细胞迁移情况。结果 CXCR1和CXCR2作为新型力学感受器参与调节内皮细胞迁移;Rac1与RhoA的高表达能促进内皮细胞迁移,反之,内皮细胞迁移被抑制。结论 IL-8Rs (CXCR1、CXCR2)、Rac1、RhoA是将力学、化学信号进行“耦合”的关键信号分子。     

ZNF580在1-磷酸鞘氨醇诱导内皮细胞迁移和增殖中的作用

 目的：研究人锌指蛋白ZNF580在1-磷酸鞘氨醇(sphingosine 1-phosphate, S1P)诱导内皮细胞迁移和增殖中的作用,为探讨ZNF580功能提供科学依据。方法：RT-PCR检测S1P受体在EA.hy926细胞的表达情况;不同浓度(0~10 μmol/L) S1P刺激EA.hy926细胞不同时间(0~12 h)后,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测S1P对ZNF580表达的影响;利用p38 MAPK信号通路特异性抑制剂SB203580研究S1P是否通过此信号通路影响ZNF580的表达;脂质体转染法获得瞬时过表达和瞬时低表达ZNF580的EA.hy926细胞;Transwell实验及MTT比色法分析ZNF580对内皮细胞迁移和增殖活性的影响。结果：EA.hy926细胞表达S1P1、S1P3和S1P5三种受体,其cDNA的特异性扩增产物分别为352 bp、701 bp和236 bp;S1P刺激EA.hy926细胞后,ZNF580的表达呈现剂量和时间依赖性增高;SB203580能够抑制S1P诱导的ZNF580的上调作用;ZNF580过表达（低表达）后内皮细胞迁移和增殖活性明显增强（减弱）。结论：S1P通过p38 MAPK信号通路影响ZNF580的表达;ZNF580在内皮细胞迁移和增殖过程中起着重要的调控作用。     

肺炎衣原体感染通过PI3K激活Rac1而诱导血管平滑肌细胞迁移

 目的:研究Rac1活化在肺炎衣原体（C.pn）感染诱导血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）迁移中的作用及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）对其活化的影响。方法:谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）-p21活化激酶1 p21结合结构域（PBD）即GST-PBD重组质粒转化感受态细菌,诱导融合蛋白表达并纯化;GST-pull down实验检测C.pn感染VSMCs后Rac1活性的变化;PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002 （25 μmol/L）预处理VSMCs,GST-pull down实验检测Rac1活性的变化;Rac1特异性抑制剂NSC23766（50 μmol/L）预处理VSMCs,wound-healing 实验和Transwell 实验观察VSMCs迁移能力的变化。结果:重组质粒转化感受态细菌后,经诱导表达和纯化,得到足量有效的GST-PBD融合蛋白;GST-pull down实验结果显示,C.pn感染VSMCs后Rac1活性增强且显著高于正常对照组（P<0.05）;LY294002预处理VSMC后,C.pn感染诱导的Rac1活性明显下降（P<0.05）;细胞迁移实验结果显示,NSC23766预处理的 C.pn感染组细胞迁移能力明显低于单纯感染组（P<0.05）。结论: C.pn感染可能通过PI3K激活Rac1,从而诱导VSMCs迁移。     

ERK1/2信号转导途径在低切应力上调人脐静脉内皮细胞IL-8基因表达中的作用

血管内皮细胞位于血流和血管壁之间,除受化学因素的调节外还受力学因素的影响。切应力可通过刺激相应的力学感受系统来调节内皮细胞某些基因的表达,其中包括诱导内皮细胞表达IL- 8。为了阐明MAPK信号途径中的ERK1/ 2信号通路是否参与调控低切应力上调人脐静脉内皮细胞IL- 8基因表达,采用Western blot分析了低切应力(4.2 0 dyne/ cm2 )处理不同时间内皮细胞ERK1/ 2的磷酸化水平及TPK抑制剂Genistein,MEK抑制剂PD980 5 9对其磷酸化的影响;采用定量RT- PCR检测内皮细胞经低切应力刺激或给予阻断剂后再行切应力刺激等处理后IL- 8基因的表达。结果显示:(1)低切应力处理可引起内皮细胞ERK1/ 2蛋白磷酸化水平上调,其磷酸化水平与切应力作用时间有关,具有快速、双向性的特点(在刺激10 min时达到高峰,2 h左右降至未刺激水平) ,阻断剂Genistein和PD980 5 9处理后,ERK1/ 2磷酸化水平与低切应力刺激10 min比较明显降低;(2 )阻断剂Genistein,PD980 5 9可显著抑制低切应力所致的内皮细胞IL- 8m RNA上调。结果表明低切应力可通过ERK1/ 2信号途径上调人脐静脉内皮细胞IL- 8基因的表达。     

柚皮苷对高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤及PI3K/AKT/eNOS信号通路的影响

目的:研究柚皮苷(naringin,Nar)对高糖(high glucose,HG)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)损伤的作用及对PI3K/AKT/e NOS信号通路的影响。方法:利用HG(33 mmol/L glucose)培养基孵育HUVECs不同时间(6、12、24、48、72 h)后,用胰岛素(5 m IU/L)刺激细胞15 min,建立内皮细胞损伤模型,分别测定各组上清液中NO水平、细胞中e NOS和磷酸化e NOS(p-e NOS)的水平。对损伤的HUVECs用不同浓度的Nar(5、10、25、50、100 mg/L)孵育不同时间(6、12、24、48和72 h),用胰岛素(5 m IU/L)刺激细胞15min,检测细胞上清中的NO水平,观察Nar对HG诱导HUVECs损伤的作用。对损伤细胞先分别用PI3K抑制剂LY294002(10μmol/L)和AKT抑制剂AKT inhibitorⅣ(0.5μmol/L)预处理24 h,再用50 mg/L的Nar处理24 h,用胰岛素(5 m IU/L)刺激细胞15 min,检测细胞上清中NO的水平,以及e NOS、p-e NOS、PI3K、AKT及p-AKT的蛋白水平,探讨Nar减轻HG对HUVECs损伤作用的机制。结果:Nar的量效和时效结果显示,50 mg/L Nar预处理HUVECs 24 h后,其减轻HG对HUVECs损伤的作用最为显著,表现为NO和p-e NOS的水平升高(P0.05)。加入PI3K和AKT抑制剂后,Nar减轻HG致内皮细胞的损伤及上调p-e NOS和NO水平的作用完全取消(P0.05)。结论:Nar能减轻HG诱导的血管内皮细胞损伤,其作用机制可能是通过PI3K/AKT/e NOS信号通路介导的。     

Angiopoietin chemotactic activities on neutrophils are regulated by PI-3K activation

Angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) modulate blood vessel integrity during the angiogenic process through the activation of tyrosine kinase receptor (Tie2). We recently detected Tie2 expression on neutrophils and reported that angiopoietins induce acute proinflammatory events including neutrophil beta2-integrin activation and their adhesion onto endothelial cells. Herein, we investigated the effect of angiopoietins on neutrophil migration and their capacity to modulate CXCL8/IL-8 chemotactic properties. Using a Boyden chamber assay, we observed that Ang1 and Ang2 (up to 10 nM; 60 min) increased the migration of neutrophils, and the maximal effect was achieved at 1 nM (72% and 114% increase, respectively) as compared with untreated cells. Angiopoietins induce a rapid and transient Akt phosphorylation, and pretreatment of neutrophils with PI-3K inhibitors, wortmannin (100 nM) and LY294002 (500 nM), reduced Ang1-mediated neutrophil migration by 100% and 78% and Ang2 chemotactic activity by 100% and 71%, respectively. Treatment of neutrophils with CXCL8/IL-8 (up to 50 nM; 60 min) increased basal neutrophil migration by 257% at its optimal concentration (10 nM), and pretreatment of neutrophils with corresponding PI-3K inhibitors reduced CXCL8/IL-8 (1 nM) chemotactic effect. Pretreatment of neutrophils with Ang1 or Ang2 (10 nM; 15 min) potentiated neutrophil migration induced by CXCL8/IL-8 (1 or 10 nM; 60 min) by 263% and 238% and by 177% and 164%, respectively. Finally, both angiopoietins showed a synergistic effect on the induction of Akt phosphorylation mediated by CXCL8/IL-8. In summary, our data demonstrate that angiopoietins increase neutrophil migration through PI-3K activation and can enhance proinflammatory activities of other cytokines.     

S100A6通过PI3K/Akt信号通路促进人骨肉瘤细胞143B增殖和迁移

 目的：研究PI3K/Akt信号通路在S100A6介导的人骨肉瘤细胞143B的增殖和迁移中的作用。方法：首先制备重组的人S100A6蛋白（recombinant human S100A6, rhS100A6）;rhS100A6与PI3K抑制剂（LY294002和wortmannin）单独或同时处理143B细胞,其中rhS100A6的终浓度为30 mg/L,LY294002和wortmannin的终浓度分别为10 μmol/L和05 μmol/L;采用Western blotting分析143B细胞中PI3K/Akt信号通路相关分子总Akt（total Akt, t-Akt）及磷酸化Akt（phosphorylation of Akt, p-Akt）蛋白的表达变化,MTT检测细胞增殖,Transwell检测细胞迁移。 结果：（1）成功制备rhS100A6蛋白,rhS100A6显著增强143B细胞的增殖和迁移能力（P<005）;（2）rhS100A6上调143B细胞中Akt的磷酸化;（3）与rhS100A6组相比,rhS100A6与LY294002或wortmannin联合处理组143B细胞的p-Akt减少（P<005）,细胞的增殖和迁移能力降低,在不同时点细胞的增殖率下降103%～697%,细胞迁移率下降379%～416%,差异均有统计学意义（P<005）。 结论：S100A6促进人骨肉瘤细胞143B增殖和迁移的作用至少部分是通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路实现的。     

内源性IL-8诱导卵巢癌细胞对顺铂与紫杉醇产生耐药的机制研究

目的探讨内源性IL-8诱导卵巢癌细胞对顺铂和紫杉醇产生耐药的机制及相关信号转导通路。方法在原有工作基础上,以2种人卵巢癌细胞系A2780(不分泌IL-8,对顺铂、紫杉醇敏感)和SKOV-3(高分泌IL-8,对顺铂、紫杉醇耐药)为研究模型,分别将正义(sense,ss)IL-8基因或反义(antisense,as)IL-8基因稳定转染至A2780细胞或SKOV3细胞,应用MTT法、Caspase-3活性测定、RT-PCR及Western blot技术等观察内源性IL-8是否影响卵巢癌细胞对顺铂和紫杉醇的敏感性,并对其作用的机制和可能的信号传导通路进行研究。结果 1)内源性过表达IL-8可诱导A2780细胞对顺铂和紫杉醇产生耐药,而抑制IL-8表达可恢复SKOV3细胞对顺铂和紫杉醇的敏感性,IL-8诱导的卵巢癌细胞化疗耐药是通过降低Caspase-3活性来实现的;2)内源性过表达IL-8可上调A2780细胞的耐药相关基因MDR1和凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2、Bcl-xL及XIAP的表达,而抑制IL-8表达可使上述基因的表达明显降低;3)Wortmannin(PI3K抑制剂)和PD98059(MEK1/2抑制剂)能分别阻断IL-8诱导下卵巢癌细胞的Akt和ERK活化及化疗耐药作用。结论 IL-8诱导的卵巢癌细胞化疗耐药可能与其上调耐药相关基因MDR1和凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2、Bcl-xL及XIAP的表达以及活化Raf/MEK/ERK和PI3K/Akt信号通路相关,提示调节IL-8表达或其相关信号通路可能是治疗耐药性卵巢癌的一种良好策略。     

Albumin stimulation of eosinophil migration involves PI3-kinases and is associated with diminished eosinophil CD49d and CD49f expression

BACKGROUND: Albumin is known to induce chemokinesis and facilitate chemotaxis of human granulocytes in the Boyden chamber assay, but its mechanisms of action remain obscure. We have previously found that IL-2 inhibits albumin-stimulated eosinophil migration. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms behind the effects of albumin and IL-2 on the migration of human eosinophils. METHODS: Purified eosinophils were preincubated with inhibitors of signal transduction molecules before incubation with or without albumin and IL-2. The migration assay was performed in a 48-well microchemotaxis chamber. The effect of albumin and IL-2 on cell size and on the surface expression of adhesion molecules was studied with flow cytometry. RESULTS: Albumin-stimulated migration was inhibited by the PI3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002, but not by the PKC inhibitor RO-31-8220. IL-2 had no effect after preincubation with wortmannin or LY-294002. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of IL-2 remained after preincubation with RO-31-8220. Albumin increased the cell size as measured by forward scatter, and the expression of CD49d and CD49f decreased after incubation with albumin. IL-2 affected neither the expression of adhesion molecules nor the forward scatter. CONCLUSIONS: The stimulation of eosinophil migration by albumin is mediated by PI3-kinase, and the increase in cell size caused by albumin indicates activation of the cells. Decreased expression of CD49d and CD49f by albumin may diminish the adhesiveness of the cells, which in turn may facilitate migration. These are novel findings that indicate an active role for albumin in eosinophil migration.     

Regulation of interleukin-5-induced beta2-integrin adhesion of human eosinophils by phosphoinositide 3-kinase

We examined the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in integrin-mediated eosinophil adhesion. Deltap85, a dominant-negative form of the class IA PI3K adaptor subunit, was fused to an HIV-TAT protein transduction domain (TAT-Deltap85). Recombinant TAT-Deltap85 inhibited interleukin (IL)-5-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B, a downstream target of PI3K. beta(2)-Integrin-dependent adhesion caused by IL-5 to the plated intracellular adhesion molecule-1 surrogate, bovine serum albumin, was inhibited by TAT-Deltap85 in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, two PI3K inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, blocked eosinophil adhesion to plated bovine serum albumin. By contrast, beta(1)-integrin-mediated eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion moelcule-1 was not blocked by TAT-Deltap85, wortmannin, or LY294002. Rottlerin, a protein kinase C (PKC)-delta inhibitor, also blocked beta(2)-integrin adhesion of eosinophils caused by IL-5, whereas beta(1) adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was not affected. IL-5 caused translocation of PKCdelta from the cytosol to cell membrane; inhibition of PI3K by wortmannin blocked translocation of PKCdelta. Western blot analysis demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, a critical intermediary in adhesion elicited by IL-5, was blocked by inhibition of either PI3K or PKC-delta. These data suggest that extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated adhesion of beta(2)-integrin caused by IL-5 is mediated in human eosinophils by a class IA PI3K through activation of a PKCdelta pathway.     

Signaling through interleukin-1 type 1 receptor diminishes Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide-mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells

During sepsis, endothelial cells are both a source and target of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and others), which may be detrimental to vascular homeostasis. Our laboratory has demonstrated that Haemophilus somnus, a gram-negative pathogen of cattle that causes sepsis and vasculitis, and its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) induce caspases-3, -8 and -9 activation, and apoptosis of endothelial cells in vitro. In this study, we provide evidence that H. somnus LOS increases IL-1alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression, and caspase-1 activation in endothelial cells. Addition of a caspase-1 inhibitor (YVAD), or incubation in a high extracellular potassium buffer (150 mM), reduced caspase-1 activation and significantly enhanced H. somnus LOS-mediated caspase-3 activation. Likewise, blocking the IL-1 type 1 receptor by addition of IL-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) significantly enhanced LOS-mediated caspase-3 activation. Conversely, addition of exogenous recombinant bovine IL-1beta (100 ng/mL) to endothelial cells diminished LOS-mediated apoptosis. IL-1beta has been reported previously to protect numerous cell types from apoptosis by activating PI3 kinase/p-Akt signaling pathways. Addition of selective PI3 kinase inhibitors (e.g. wortmannin and LY294002) significantly enhanced LOS-mediated caspase-3 activation. Exposure of endothelial cells to IL-1beta or LOS increased pAkt protein as assessed by western blot. Overall, these results suggest that signaling through the IL-1 type 1 receptor diminishes H. somnus LOS-mediated apoptosis.     

Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces the phosphorylation of PRAS40 via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in PC12 cells

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a polypeptide tropic factor that plays an important role in the survival and differentiation of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated that IGF-1 promotes neuronal cell survival via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Proline-rich Akt substrate of 40kDa (PRAS40) is a recently discovered downstream target of Akt. However, the relationship between IGF-1 and PRAS40 is not known. In this study, we characterized the phosphorylation of PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 in PC12 cells and explored the signaling pathway responsible for the effect of IGF-1. IGF-1 induced the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr473 and PRAS40 at Thr246 in PC12 cells. The phosphorylation of Akt and PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 (100ng/ml) was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) specific inhibitor LY294002 (50μM), while no inhibitory effect was observed for a MAPK kinase pathway specific inhibitor PD98059 nor a p38 MAPK inhibitor PD169316, suggesting that the phosphorylation of PRAS40 induced by IGF-1 is mediated by the PI3K pathway in PC12 cells and primary cultured neurons. In further support this hypothesis, an Akt kinase specific inhibitor, Akt inhibitor VIII, attenuated IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of PRAS40 at the concentration that blocked the phosphorylation of Akt induced by IGF-1. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IGF-1 stimulates the phosphorylation of PRAS40 at Thr246 in neuronal cells and the effect of IGF-1 is mediated, at least in part, by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

Vaspin contributes to autophagy and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via PI3K-/AKT-mTOR pathway

BackgroundVisceral adipose tissue–derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin) was found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and pro-autophagy activities. Our investigation is aimed to ascertain the effect of Vaspin on hypoxia-evoked endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs).MethodsIn vitro assays including CCK8, TUNEL, western blots, RT-qPCR to assess the effect of Vaspin on hypoxia-induced cell injuries, endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and the inflammatory state in HCMECs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor autophagosome formation in HCMECs. The autophagy related proteins coupled with the critical effectors of PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling pathway were also detected by western blots. In vivo assays including HE and ELISA to assess the effects of Vaspin on myocardial fibrosis pathology and type I and type III collagen in rats.ResultsVaspin pretreatment dramatically dose-dependently restored the proliferative impairment and the induced EndMT in HCMECs by hypoxia. The Vaspin-pretreated HCMECs also presented with attenuated expression of increased IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 by hypoxia a dose-dependent manner. Vaspin alleviated rat MF. The impact of Vaspin is also related to the increased autophagy and activated PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. The protective and pro-autophagy activity of Vaspin was antagonized by the PI3K/AKT-mTOR inhibitor LY294002.ConclusionVaspin ameliorated the hypoxia-stimulated cell injuries and EndMT by activating autophagy via PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.     

槲皮素改善大鼠骨髓来源内皮祖细胞生物学功能及其机制研究

目的:探讨槲皮素(quercetin,QUE)对大鼠骨髓来源内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)生物学功能的影响与机制。方法:密度梯度离心法分离大鼠骨髓单个核细胞,条件培养基EGM-2诱导分化后,进行双荧光染色及免疫表型鉴定。将培养14 d的细胞用PI3K抑制剂BYL719(3μmol/L)和ERK抑制剂FR180204(15μmol/L)预处理2 h后,再加入不同浓度QUE(0、10、20、40、80和100μmol/L)处理。MTT法检测细胞活力,Transwell法检测细胞迁移,Western blot法检测AKT、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和ERK蛋白表达及磷酸化水平。结果:QUE呈浓度依赖性提高EPCs活力,促进EPCs迁移;PI3K抑制剂BYL719能抑制QUE诱导的EPCs活力和迁移能力,ERK抑制剂FR180204能抑制QUE诱导的EPCs活力,而对EPCs迁移能力并没有影响。QUE能激活AKT、eNOS和ERK蛋白;BYL719能同时抑制AKT和ERK蛋白的激活,FR180204仅能抑制ERK的激活,而未能抑制AKT的激活,但两者对QUE诱导的eNOS蛋白表达均有抑制作用。结论:QUE能部分通过PI3K/AKT/eNOS和ERK/eNOS信号转导通路,提高EPCs活力及迁移能力,促进EPCs发挥心血管保护作用。