大学生网络成瘾的心理健康状况研究

目的:了解大学生网络成瘾的现状及心理健康状况,为采取有效干预措施提供依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,应用网络成瘾诊断量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD)、Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMA)、社会支持量表(SRSS)对360名大学生进行现况调查。结果:大学生上网率为96.7%,成瘾率为9.20%。其中男生成瘾率(12.58%)明显高于女生成瘾率(6.35%)。成瘾者的SCL-90、HAMD、HAMA等量表评分及各因子分明显高于非成瘾者,SRSS评分明显低于非成瘾者,差异有显著性意义。结论:大学生网络成瘾率较高,网络成瘾严重影响大学生的心理健康。     

军医大学生网络成瘾与心理健康、人格的关系

目的调查新时期军医大学生网络成瘾状况与心理健康、人格的关系。方法 355名被试完成Y oung网络成瘾问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格量表(EPQ)测试。结果调查发现军医大学生网络成瘾的检出率为3.1%,准网络成瘾组SCL-90得分较高(F=26.90,21.059,23.509,28.931,32.568,18.197,29.029,39.825,37.248,28.495,34.615;P<0.001),准网络成瘾组和成瘾组的P、N得分高于非网络成瘾组(F=15.18,18.103;P<0.001),网络成瘾倾向与性别、年龄和层次负相关,与SCL-90及人格因子相关系数较高,波动在0.310~0.344之间。结论军医大学生网络成瘾发生率较低,准网络成瘾组心理健康水平较低,非网络成瘾组拥有更稳定的人格特点,女性、年龄较大者以及学历层次较高者网络成瘾倾向较低。     

平凉市学龄青少年网络成瘾与心理健康因素相关性分析

目的为准确掌握平凉市学龄青少年网络成瘾与心理健康的相关性。方法采用自制基本信息调查问卷、Young的网络成瘾检测标准和症状自评量表(SCL-90)相结合的方法。结果平凉市学龄青少年网络使用率89.77%,网络成瘾率8.06%,男生成瘾是女生的2～4倍,男女青少年互联网的使用率差异不显著(χ2=0.27,P=0.59),男生的网络成瘾检出率显著高于女生(χ2=39.87,P=0.000);城市青少年网络成瘾检出率高于农村(χ2=17.07,P=0.001)。83.9%的青少年上网主要是聊天交友和游戏娱乐。网络成瘾者心理健康水平偏低,与抑郁、精神病、焦虑、人际关系因子间存在中度正相关(P<0.01)。结论学龄青少年网络成瘾者心理健康水平偏低,主要表现为抑郁、精神病倾向,精神焦虑、人际关系差等方面。     

不同网络成瘾亚型大学生的心理健康水平差异及其与人格的关系

目的:探讨大学生网络社交成瘾者和网络游戏成瘾者的心理健康水平和人格特质的差异.以及两者之间的相互关系.方法:随机整群抽取广东省在校大学生共654名,采用问卷法,将一般病理性网络使用量表(GeneralizedPathological Intemet Use Scale,GPIUS)中文版、大学生网络游戏认知一成瘾量表、症状自评量表(Selfmting Checklist,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(简式)(Eysenek Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)同时施测.结果:在心理症状方面.网络游戏成瘾大学生仅在恐怖因子上得分高于对照组(P＜0.05);网络社交成瘾大学生的SCL-90各因子分和总分均高于对照组(P＜0.01);除恐怖和偏执因子外,网络社交成瘾者的SCL-90其余因子分和总分均高于游戏成瘾组(P＜0.01).在人格特质方面,网络社交成瘾者的精神质得分高于游戏成瘾组和对照组(P＜0.01).精神质、外向性、SCL-90各因子分和总分与GPIUS总分呈正相关(P＜0.01).精神质和外向性对网络社交成瘾倾向有显著预测作用(P＜0.05).结论:网络社交成瘾和网络游戏成瘾大学生均存在心理健康状况不良,以网络社交成瘾者更为严重.精神质和外向性人格是网络社交成瘾的易感因素,未发现游戏成瘾大学生具有明显的人格易感性.     

Relationship between lnternet Addiction and Mental Health of Pingliang School-age Adolescents

目的 为准确掌握平凉市学龄青少年网络成瘾与心理健康的相关性.方法 采用自制基本信息调查问卷、Young的网络成瘾检测标准和症状自评量表(SCL- 90)相结合的方法.结果 平凉市学龄青少年网络使用率89.77％,网络成瘾率8.06％,男生成瘾是女生的2～4倍,男女青少年互联网的使用率差异不显著(x2=0.27,P=0.59),男生的网络成瘾检出率显著高于女生(x2=39.87,P=0.000);城市青少年网络成瘾检出率高于农村(x2=17.07,P=0.001).83.9％的青少年上网主要是聊天交友和游戏娱乐.网络成瘾者心理健康水平偏低,与抑郁、精神病、焦虑、人际关系因子间存在中度正相关(P＜0.01).结论 学龄青少年网络成瘾者心理健康水平偏低,主要表现为抑郁、精神病倾向,精神焦虑、人际关系差等方面.     

初中生网络使用与心理健康状况关系的研究

目的探讨初中生网络使用与心理健康状况关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和网络成瘾测验量表(Internet Addiction Disorder Scale,TADS)对246名初中生进行心理健康测查。结果1初中生的心理问题检出率26.4%;2中学生准网络成瘾者检出率为17.9%,网络成瘾者检出率为2.1%;3网络成瘾组心理问题检出率(46.9%)高于正常组(20.2%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);4网络成瘾量表分与SCL-90总均分及各因子呈显著正相关(P0.05)。结论过度使用网络对于心理健康有害。     

高职高专新生网络成瘾状况及其与儿童期心理虐待和忽视的关系

目的:了解高职高专新生网络成瘾情况,分析网瘾成瘾与儿童期心理虐待和忽视的关系.方法:采用Young的网络成瘾调查表、儿童心理虐待和忽视量表、症状自评量表对740名永州职业技术学院新生进行调查.结果:网络成瘾检出率为3.2%.成瘾组在儿童心理虐待和忽视量表的虐待责骂、虐待恐吓、虐待干涉、教育忽视4个因子分,症状自评量表的躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、精神病、恐怖、偏执9个因子分都显著高于正常组(P<0.05或0.01).结论:高职高专新生网络成瘾者心理健康状态较差,网络成瘾的发生可能与其儿童期的心理虐待和教育忽视有关.     

大学生经前心境恶劣障碍状况及其影响因素

目的:了解高校女大学生的经前心境恶劣障碍(PMDD)状况和影响因素。方法:使用经前心境恶劣障碍筛查表及焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、一般情况调查表对493名三年级女大学生施测。结果:(1)女大学生的PMDD的检出率为7.91%。(2)学习压力大一般、无者PMDD检出率分别为13.8%、5.6%、8.9%,差异有显著性(χ2=9.70,P<0.01)。(3)经前心情恶劣者与无经前心情恶劣者比较,SAS标准分,SDS总分及其因子分差异无显著性(P>0.05)。(4)经前心境恶劣组与无经前心境恶劣组比较,除了SCL-90的阳性项目数、躯体化症状和敌对症状的得分统计学差异无显著性外(P>0.05),其余的SCL-90总分、阳性症状痛苦水平、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性这些症状的得分PMDD组高于无PMDD组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:高校女生经前心境恶劣的检出率为7.91%,有经前心境恶劣者伴有明显的心身症状,SCL-90对显示PMDD的心身症状比SDS及SAS敏感。     

支气管哮喘患者心理健康与应对方式

目的研究支气管哮喘患者的心理健康状况与应对方式。方法以症状自评量表(SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、特质应对方式问卷对60例确诊的支气管哮喘患者和50例正常对照者进行调查研究。结果患者组SCL-90总分、躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执、精神病性得分显著高于对照组(t=4.441,5.722,4.124,3.232,5.631,4.300,3.863,1.712,1.982;P<0.05或P<0.01);抑郁和焦虑得分显著高于对照组(t=5.101,7.142;P<0.01)。患者组的积极应对方式显著低于对照组(t=-5.591,P<0.01),消极应对方式显著高于对照组(t=4.482,P<0.01)。相关分析显示,积极应对与SCL-90总分、焦虑、抑郁得分呈负相关(r=-0.238,-0.259,-0.324;P<0.001),消极应对与SCL-90总分、焦虑、抑郁得分呈正相关(r=0.407,0.435,0.442;P<0.001)。结论支气管哮喘患者的心理健康状况较低,存在明显的焦虑和抑郁情绪,且更多采用消极应对方式。     

北京市三所高校大学生SARS流行期的心理状态现况调查

目的 :了解SARS流行时期大学生在封闭式管理下的心理状况。方法 :采用症状自评量表、ZUNG氏焦虑自评量表、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表和一般状况调查表 ,以分层整群抽样的方法 ,对北京市三所重点大学 62 80名在校本科大学生和研究生进行了心理状况自评问卷调查。结果 :症状自评量表的因子阳性检出率为 7 3 % ,各因子得分均明显低于既往北京市大学生调查结果 ;除恐怖因子和精神病性因子外 ,各因子得分均低于或接近国内常模 (t=2 17-5 3 65 ,P <0 0 5 )。焦虑症状阳性检出率为 9 5 % ,抑郁症状阳性检出率为 2 9 6%。结论 :北京市SARS流行期间大学生存在焦虑、抑郁症状 ;采取了有效的传染病防治和健康教育等措施后大学生群体的心理健康状况良好。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.