运动训练对大鼠肾上腺睫状神经营养因子表达的影响

目的研究大鼠游泳运动训练对大鼠肾上腺睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)表达的影响。方法成年SD大鼠分四组,除正常组外,三个负重组分别给予占体重1%、3%、5%负重,进行6周游泳训练,每天1h,取各组大鼠肾上腺,用RT-PCR研究CNTF mRNA水平变化。结果肾上腺能检测到CNTF mRNA表达,与正常组比较,轻度和中度负重组肾上腺CNTF mRNA表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结论轻、中度负重游泳训练明显增加肾上腺CNTF基因水平,提示CNTF可能与游泳负重导致机体的神经内分泌调节有关。     

睫状神经营养因子受体研究进展

本文综述了睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)受体各个亚基的分子和基因结构,对CNTF受体信号转导机理进行概括,并探讨了CNTF与造血生长因子在信号转导上的相似性,以阐明CNTF对于造血系统的可能作用。     

睫状神经营养在子研究进展

睫状神经营养因子（ＣＮＴＦ）分布于神经系统的非神经细胞，具有广泛的生物学活性，可以提高体内外各种类型外周神经元的存活。ＣＮＴＦ受体在神经系统和骨骼肌中广泛存在，在运动神经系统及与运动系统有关的部位大量表达。其对运动神经元的生理效应为临床应用于肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化及帕金森氏症开辟了前景。ＣＮＴＦ与造血生长因子在结构与功能上具有一定的相关性。     

睫状神经营养因子研究进展

睫状神经营养因子（ＣＮＴＦ）分布于神经系统的非神经细胞，具有广泛的生物学活性，可以提高体内外各种类型外周神经元的存活。ＣＮＴＦ受体在神经系统和骨骼肌中广泛存在，在运动神经系统及与运动系统有关的部位大量表达。其对运动神经元的生理效应为临床应用于肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化及帕金森氏症开辟了前景。ＣＮＴＦ与造血生长因子在结构与功能上具有一定的相关性。     

睫状神经营养因子对大鼠脑缺血后髓鞘再生的影响

目的:研究睫状神经营养因子(CTNF)对脑缺血大鼠胼胝体髓鞘再生的影响。方法:48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、双侧颈总动脉结扎(2-VO)组和CTNF治疗组(CTNF)。利用2-VO法制备大鼠脑缺血损伤模型,在术后24 h内用0. 4μg/kg的CTNF或生理盐水分别给予CTNF治疗组、2-VO组和Sham组大鼠尾静脉注射。给药7 d后通过神经缺损功能评分(NSS)和转棒实验(Rota-Rod)检测各组大鼠神经功能,电镜观察胼胝体内髓鞘超微结构的变化,通过免疫荧光染色观察少突胶质细胞转录因子2(Olig-2)的表达,Western Blot检测髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)的表达。结果:与Sham组相比,2-VO组大鼠神经功能显著受损(P 0. 05);电镜下可观察到大鼠胼胝体髓鞘变薄、完整性差;胼胝体部位Olig-2表达显著减少; MBP表达显著下降(P 0. 05)。经CTNF治疗后7 d的大鼠出现神经功能明显改善(P 0. 05),胼胝体髓鞘结构明显恢复,Olig-2表达明显增加,MBP表达明显增加(P 0. 05)。结论:CTNF处理能够改善脑缺血大鼠神经功能,促进髓鞘再生。     

睫状神经营养因子的基因结构及受体

睫状神经营养因子最初由于能促进鸡胚胎睫状神经节副交感神经元存活而被发现,现已知道它对神经系统的细胞具有更广泛的作用。最近研究表明睫状神经营养因子与成血细胞因子的一个亚家族成员在结构上相似并共用受体成分。     

睫状神经营养因子对应激大鼠下丘脑、垂体精氨酸加压素含量的影响

目的：研究睫状神经营养因子（ＣＮＴＦ）对应激大鼠下丘脑、垂体精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）含量及下丘脑ＡＶＰ阳性神经元的影响。方法：选用条件性足底电击应激大鼠模型，用放射免疫分析的方法观察双侧海马微量注射ＣＮＴＦ对应激大 下丘脑及垂体ＡＶＰ含量的影响，用免疫组织化学染色的方法结合光镜与图像分析观察下丘脑室旁核ＡＶＰ阳性神经元的变化。结果：应激大鼠下丘脑、垂体ＡＶＰ含量升高；下丘脑室旁核ＡＶＰ阳性神经元增多，染色变深，平均吸光度显著增加。给予ＣＮＴＦ的大鼠下丘脑、垂体ＡＶＰ含量明显降低；下丘脑室旁核ＡＶＰ阳性神经元减少，染色变浅，平均吸光度明显减少。结论：ＣＮＴＦ明显降低应激引起的下丘脑、垂体ＡＶＰ含量的升高。     

重组睫状神经营养因子对胶质瘤细胞形态和基因表达的影响

重组睫状神经营养因子对胶质瘤细胞形态和基因表达的影响张树辉詹洲陶霞田野苹何成作者单位：２２１００４解放军第九七医院病理科［张树辉（现在４０００３８第三军医大学病理学教研室）、陶霞］；第二军医大学病理学教研室（詹洲、田野苹、何成）研究表明，睫状神经...     

睫状神经营养因子对严重烫伤大鼠纹状体及海马 NOS 阳性神经元的影响

目的：观察大鼠严重烫伤后纹状体和海马ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数目和阳性反应面积的变化及睫状神经营养因子（ＣＮＴＦ）对其的影响。方法：应用ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ酶组织化学的方法。结果：大鼠体表烫伤后３天,纹状体ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数目明显增加,梁色呈强阳性,阳性反应面积增加。海马ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数变化不明显,仅见阳性反应面积增加,睫状神经营养因子可降低纹状体的ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数目、阳性反应面积,ＮＯＳ阳性神经元着色较淡     

人睫状神经营养因子基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的克隆人睫状神经营养因子（ｈＣＮＴＦ）基因，并在大肠杆菌宿主系统中高效表达出具有生物活性的ｈＣＮＴＦ蛋白。方法从人外周神经组织总ＲＮＡ经逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）扩增得到编码人ＣＮＴＦ的全长ｃＤＮＡ片段，此片段经回收和纯化后克隆进ＰＧＥＭ－５Ｚｆ（＋）质粒载体，并进行了ＤＮＡ序列分析，然后进一步亚克隆进Ｔ７启动子表达载体，用ＩＰＴＧ在大肠杆菌宿主中诱导ｈＣＮＴＦ蛋白表达，并以体外培养的鸡胚背根神经节（ＤＲＧ）神经元测定了重组ｈＣＮＴＦ蛋白的神经营养活性。结果成功克隆了人ＣＮＴＦ基因，含重组ＣＮＴＦ质粒的大肠杆菌经０．４ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＩＰＴＧ诱导３小时后，靶蛋白占细菌总蛋白的２５％以上。结论ｈＣＮＴＦ基因的克隆和高效表达为进一步研究其结构功能关系和临床应用打下了基础     

胎鼠、成鼠和人胚的骨骼肌提取液及肌源神经营养因子的高效液相分析

大量的在体和离体实验证明,骨骼肌内存在着促进脊髓神经元存活和再生的物质。本研究采用高效液相分析方法对胎鼠、成鼠和人胚的骨骼肌提取液进行了分析。结果表明,三者在相同条件下尽管出现蛋白峰的数量不同,峰值也有所差异,但在相同的时间点出现两处４ 峰（Ⅰ、Ⅱ１、Ⅱ２、Ⅱ３）的基本波型。峰Ⅱ１ 的分子量为３５０００Ｄ,峰Ⅱ２ 的分子量为２２０００Ｄ,峰Ⅱ３ 的分子量为１８０００Ｄ。胎鼠和人胚的三峰呈中、低、高的形态分布,而成鼠的三峰呈低、中、高的形态分布。肌源神经营养因子（１０～３０ ｋＤ）位于峰Ⅱ。此结果使人们对肌源神经营养因子的存在产生了疑问,肌源神经营养因子究竟是一个新的营养因子（分子量究竟是多少？）,还是已知的神经营养因子（ＣＮＴＦ,ＢＤＮＦ,ＮＴ ３ 等）在骨骼肌组织中的分布？ 对此有必要进行分子生物学的研究来确定。     

小腿前外侧群肌瓣的应用解剖

目的：为小腿下１／３的骨髓炎和其它创伤性修复提供满意的肌瓣。材料和方法：用３０具成人的尸体,采用连续层次解剖法,调查了小腿前群和外侧群各肌,用游标卡尺测量有关的数据。结果;转动胫骨前肌、拇长伸肌、趾长伸肌、腓骨长肌、腓骨短肌和第３腓骨肌瓣能覆盖胫骨前内侧下１／３的面积分别为８．７ｃｍ＾２、１２．４ｃｍ＾２、１２．７ｃｍ＾２１３．６ｃｍ＾２、１９．０ｃｍ＾２、１６．７ｃｍ＾２。结论：除胫骨前肌和腓骨     

Effect of diffusion distance on measurement of rat skeletal muscle glucose transport in vitro

The relationships between muscle size, diffusion distance, and glucose uptake were studied using the Type II b epitrochlearis (13 ± 1 mg intact), Type I soleus (25± 1 mg), and mixed Type II a/II b extensor digitorum longus (25 ± 1 mg) from 60–70 g rats. Using intact muscles, the relative rates of 3-O-methyl-glucose uptake in response to 2 mUml^-1 insulin were soleus = epitrochlearis > extensor digitorum longus, a finding inconsistent with the fibre-type compositions and the relative GLUT-4 protein levels (soleus > extensor digitorum longus > epitrochlearis). To test whether these results were influenced by substrate diffusion limitations in the tubular muscles, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were split longitudinally from tendon to tendon into strips of comparable size (13 ± 1 mg) to the epitrochlearis. Insulin-stimulated rates of 3-O-methyl-glucose uptake were significantly enhanced in the split soleus (+120%) and split extensor digitorum longus (+200%), but not in the epitrochlearis, with the relative rates being soleus > extensor digitorum longus > epitrochlearis. Diffusion distances of the split soleus and extensor digitorum longus, as reflected by [¹⁴C]mannitol space equilibration time, were markedly enhanced (by at least 50%) relative to the intact muscles, and were comparable to that of the epitrochlearis. These results indicate that when muscles of different size and/or shape are used for in vitro measurement of glucose transport, the muscle preparations used must have similar diffusion distances for physiologically meaningful comparisons to be made.     

Immobilization atrophy and membrane properties in rat skeletal muscle fibres

Wet mass, resting membrane potential, frequency of miniature end-plate potentials and the concentration of [³H]ouabain-binding sites were studied after 7 days' immobilization of the rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in the shortened or stretched position and after 3 and 7 days of remobilization. We observed that the loss of muscle mass by 37% in the rat soleus immobilized for 7 days in the shortened position is accompanied by a membrane depolarization of about 5 mV, a decrease in frequency of miniature end-plate potentials by 60 % and a decrease of [³H]ouabain binding by 25%. Only minor changes were found in stretched soleus and in shortened and stretched EDL. After 3 days of remobilization of stretched soleus the muscle mass, [³H]ouabain binding and miniature end-plate potential frequency recovered to control values but the resting membrane potential continued to decrease. All changes induced by immobilization disappeared on day 7 of remobilization.     

重组睫状神经营养因子对周围神经再生中多种细胞的作用

为了解重组睫状神经营养因子 ( CNTF)对周围神经再生中多种细胞的作用 ,用硅管套接切断的成年大鼠坐骨神经 ,在受损神经局部一次性给予重组睫状神经营养因子 :用免疫组织化学 ABC法结合计算机图像分析观测再生神经中 GAP-4 3、S10 0、CD68、MHC- 免疫反应阳性物质的变化。与生理盐水对照组相比 ,证明 CNTF组再生神经中上述四种物质显著增多。结果提示重组睫状神经营养因子能促进轴突的再生、Schwann细胞的迁入、单核细胞的渗出和活化     

重组睫状神经营养因子对受损周围神经施万细胞相关基因表达的作用

目的研究重组睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)对受损周围神经施万细胞基因表达的作用。方法用硅管套接切断的大鼠坐骨神经,在受损神经局部给予重组CNTF,术后用免疫组织化学ABC法结合计算机图像分析观测S100蛋白(S100)、生长相关蛋白-43(GAP-43)、磷酸化酪氨酸(PTyr)、信号转导子和转录激活子(STAT)3的免疫反应阳性物质在修复侧远段神经的分布和相对含量。结果CNTF组修复侧远段神经相应区域S100、GAP-43、PTyr、STAT3阳性物质的含量显著或非常显著高于生理盐水组。结论重组CNTF能上调受损神经施万细胞S100、GAP-43、PTyr和STAT3的表达,提示重组CNTF通过强化受损神经施万细胞JAK-STAT途径,E调其S100和GAP-43的基因表达。     

小腿肌的肌纤维型分布

为探讨小腿肌的肌纤维分布特征和构成比例，取５例（男２、女３）１９￣６０岁后１２小时内的人体两侧小腿肌共１４０块，用肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶法，系统地研究了小腿各肌的肌纤维型分布。     

Cytoarchitecture of diabetic myopathy during the pathogenesis of the disease: Fast versus slow muscle

Diabetic patients exhibit varying degrees of peripheral neuropathy. One of the sequelae of the neuropathy is muscle weakness in the lower limbs, described either as diabetic amyotrophy if the weakness affects the proximal musculature, or motor neuropathy if it affects the distal musculature. The weakness is thought to be related to metabolic disturbances of the disease and changes in the peripheral nerve. In animal models of diabetes, degeneration of myofibers and imyoneural junctions has been noted in both fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL), and slow (soleus, SOL) muscles. However, observations of changes in skeletal muscle during the pathogenesis of the disease have not been made in either human or animal models of diabetes. It is the purpose of this study to compare the time course in the pathogenesis of diabetic myopathy in these two different types of muscles. Soleus and EDL muscles from 6, 14, and 24+-week-old C57BL/KsJ-db/db and db/+ female mice (N = 12/group) were fixed in situ, processed using standard electron microscopic procedures, and analyzed under the electron microscope. Although both muscles exhibited signs of degeneration, disruption of the mitochondria, and excessive lipid stores, the initial onset and the extent of the myopathy were delayed in soleus. In addition, fewer myofibers in the soleus muscle exhibited signs of denervation and reinnervation. Therefore, diabetic myopathy is progressive during the pathogenesis of the disease but SOL appears to be more resistant to progression of the disease. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.