lncRNA-CCAT1与消化道肿瘤关系的研究进展

结肠癌相关转录因子1(CCAT1)是结直肠癌组织中新近发现的一种异常高表达的长链非编码RNA(lncRNA),具有促进肿瘤细胞增殖及侵袭转移等作用。CCAT1通过内源竞争等机制与微小RNA(miRNA)或蛋白相互作用参与调控机体的诸多生理病理过程,尤其是消化道肿瘤的形成与发展,它有望成为有价值的肿瘤标志物和治疗靶点。     

长链非编码RNA MALAT1调控Rac1b表达与结直肠癌侵袭和转移的关系

目的:探讨MALAT1调控Rac1b的表达与结直肠癌侵袭和转移的关系。方法:结直肠癌患者组织样本手术切除后30 min内于-80℃保存;实时荧光定量PCR检测肿瘤组织和配对正常组织中MALAT1和Rac1b mRNA的表达;RNA干扰沉默结直肠癌细胞MALAT1表达,通过Western blot检测Rac1b和上皮间质化标志物的表达,Ed U实验检测其对细胞增殖的影响;Transwell小室实验检测MALAT1低表达后对细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。结果:MALAT1在结直肠癌中低表达;干扰MALAT1表达后,Rac1b的表达升高,细胞增殖加快,且上皮间质化标志物E-cadherin和β-catenin表达升高。干扰MALAT1的表达可明显促进结直肠癌侵袭和细胞的迁移和侵袭。结论:MALAT1低表达与结直肠癌侵袭和转移密切相关,并且这一相关性是通过调控Rac1b的表达实现的。     

长链非编码RNA UCA1在肿瘤中的作用

近年来,长链非编码RNA （ long noncoding RNA, LncRNA）在肿瘤发生发展中发挥的关键作用受到研究人员的重点关注。在众多致癌性LncRNAs中,一种名为尿路上皮癌抗原1（ urothelial cancer associ－ated 1, UCA1）的LncRNA在促进肿瘤细胞的生长增殖、侵袭转移、化疗药物耐药等多种恶性表型方面发挥重要的功能。然而,目前对UCA1的研究仍处于初级阶段, UCA1促进肿瘤细胞多种恶性表型背后的具体分子机制尚不十分明确。文章对UCA1的不同亚型、 UCA1在不同肿瘤中的表达情况、 UCA1的生物学功能以及具体的分子调控机制进行了总结。     

恶性肿瘤中MNX1反义RNA 1的作用及机制研究进展

<正>长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类广泛存在于细胞核和细胞质内、长度在200 nt以上、缺少开放阅读框、不参与或很少参与蛋白质编码、主要从蛋白编码基因的反义链及间隔区转录出来的RNA^[1-6]。已有大量研究证实,lnc RNA涉及调控多种生物学功能,比如细胞增殖、凋亡及血管生成^[7-9]。表达异常的lnc RNA与诸多肿瘤的发生发展密切相关^[10-11]。     

贲门腺癌中DDX11-AS1的异常表达及其作用

目的探讨长链非编码RNA DDX11-AS1在贲门腺癌(gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, GCA)中的表达及其作用。方法应用qRT-PCR法检测GCA中DDX11-AS1的表达;应用MTS、Transwell侵袭实验检测DDX11-AS1异常表达对胃癌BGC823细胞增殖、侵袭能力的影响。结果 DDX11-AS1在GCA组织中表达明显上调,DDX11-AS1高表达与GCA患者淋巴结转移、浸润深度、TNM分期有关(P均<0.01),并与生存期密切相关(P<0.01),且可作为GCA患者独立的预后因素(P<0.01)。DDX11-AS1在胃癌细胞中高表达,敲低DDX11-AS1表达明显抑制胃癌细胞BGC823的增殖及侵袭能力(P<0.01)。结论 DDX11-AS1在GCA中可能作为癌基因发挥作用,其高表达促进了GCA的发生、发展,并有望成为GCA患者预后评估的候选分子标志物。     

MIAT过表达载体的构建及其对血肿瘤屏障通透性的影响

目的构建长链非编码RNA心肌梗死相关转录物(MIAT)过表达载体pcDNA3.1-MIAT,并研究其对血肿瘤屏障通透性影响。方法从与脑胶质细胞U87共培养的人脑微血管内皮细胞hCMEC/D3(GECs)提取总RNA,用反转录聚合酶链式反应技术扩增出MIAT基因片段,通过无缝连接技术克隆到pcDNA3.1载体中进行序列分析,转染重组质粒pcDNA3.1-MIAT到GECs中,real-time PCR检测转染效率,应用跨内皮电阻测量系统和辣根过氧化物酶渗漏实验分析血肿瘤屏障通透性的变化。结果成功扩增出MIAT基因,成功构建pcDNA3.1-MIAT表达载体,Blast序列分析与GenBank中NR00349一致。转染pcDNA3.1-MIAT后,96h转染效率最高,过表达MIAT组跨内皮阻抗值最低,辣根过氧化物酶流量最高,血肿瘤屏障通透性最高。结论成功构建pcDNA3.1-MIAT表达载体,过表达MIAT使血肿瘤屏障通透性升高。     

长链非编码RNA H19与肿瘤关系的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)H19与肿瘤关系密切。H19在肺癌、乳腺癌、胃癌中起促癌作用,在肝癌中则具有双向作用。H19的作用机制有组织特异性,各不相同,多与微小RNA、影响原癌基因表达、EMT形成及甲基化状态下IGF2的印迹状态等有关,是一种有价值的潜在肿瘤生物靶标。     

Prognostic value of long non-coding RNA ATB in digestive system cancers: A meta-analysis

BackgroundThe present meta-analysis has evaluated the association between lncRNA ATB, prognosis and clinicopathological parameters in patients with digestive cancers.MethodsEligible studies were gathered from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, WanFang databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (up to October 15, 2019). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters of lncRNA ATB in patients with digestive cancers.ResultWe divided this study into two groups, pancreatic cancer (PC, downregulation) and non-pancreatic cancer (non-PC, upregulation). In the non-PC group, high expression levels of lncRNA ATB were significantly related to poor OS (pooled HR = 2.19, 95 % CI 1.68–2.85, P＜0.00001). In contrast, increased levels of lncRNA ATB in pancreatic cancer tissue were favorable factors in OS (HR = 0.47, 95 % CI 0.32−0.69, P = 0.0001). The pooled data suggested that high expression levels of lncRNA ATB predicted a poor DFS in CRC and a poor RFS in HCC. Increased expression of lncRNA ATB was correlated with negative lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in the non-PC group. In contrast, lncRNA ATB were favorable factors for LNM and TNM stages in pancreatic cancer.ConclusionLncRNA ATBs, whether cancer promoters or suppressors, were potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for digestive system cancers.     

消化系统疾病血浆内皮素的含量变化

内皮素（ET）是目前已知的内源性物质中具有最强作用的缩血管剂，消化系统可自行分泌ET，而且有大量ET受体，故ET与消化系统疾病有着相当密切的关系，而且与疾病的程度呈正相关。我们观测了262例已明确诊断的消化系统疾病病人，取血检测其血浆ET含量，并根据不同疾病分组，分别与正常对照组ET水平相比较，证实诸如肝硬化、肝癌、溃疡病、胃肠炎等疾病组血浆ET水平显著高于健康对照组。各组检测数据还提示了血浆ET在几种消化系统疾病中的存在情况。ET水平的高低直接与病变的程度相关。     

消化系统癌症血液流变学检测及临床意义探讨

目的探讨消化系统癌症血液流变学变化规律和临床意义。方法测定消化系统癌症病人及正常人血液流变学指标 ,并进行多因素分析。结果癌症组血浆粘度 ( ηp)升高 ,但不同种类癌症缺乏特异性改变。与对照组比较 :≥56岁 ,中、晚期 ,未缓解或复发 ,已转移组 ηp 升高 ,2周内死亡组 ηp 下降。结论消化系统癌症存在血液流变学异常 ,后者与病情相应 ,分析其变化有助于病情判断     

消化道肿瘤切除后一层缝合术的临床应用

目的：探讨消化道切除后，吻合口采用一层缝合法吻合的可行性。方法：对121例消化道肿瘤切除后，采用吻合口一层缝合法行消化道重建术的病历资料进行回顾分析。结果：本组均治愈，无手术死亡病例，无出血及吻合口漏，术后随访1—12个月，未发现吻合狭窄。结论：消化道肿瘤切除后，吻合口采用一层缝合法，操作简便省时，安全可靠，可广泛用于胃肠道吻合重建。     

The diversity expression of p62 in digestive system cancers

The expression of p62 autoantigen and the frequency of p62 autoantibody have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and many types of malignant tumors, respectively, but information regarding to the expression of p62 in other cancer tissues and the association of autoantibody to p62 with tumor behaviors is not available. In the current study, the expression of p62 in tissues and the appearance of p62 autoantibody in sera were detected by immunohistochemical staining and ELISA in four clinical types of digestive system cancers including gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, large intestine cancer and HCC, respectively. Interestingly, the immunohistochemistry staining of p62 has been shown in all of digestive canal tissues (stomach, esophagus, large intestine) including tissues with cancers, beside cancers and from non-malignant patients, whereas the frequencies were 62.5% and 0% in tissues with cancer and beside cancer in patients with HCC, respectively. Importantly, we found that the p62 expression and the frequency of autoantibody to p62 were associated to cell differentiation and tumor metastasis, respectively. These results suggest that the expression of p62 in tissues and the appearance of autoantibody to p62 in sera might be related to cell malignant manifestations. Moreover, p62 autoantibody is a significant marker for the prognosis of cancers and the evaluation of clinical treatments.     

Association of miR-27a polymorphism with the risk of digestive system cancers

BackgroundCancer of the digestive system is a common cancer and results in high mortality rates world-wide. miR-27a polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of digestive system cancers; however, this has not been conclusively shown yet. Therefore, to clarify this, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, OVID and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched to retrieve eligible studies published up to May 10, 2020 that referred to digestive cancers. Odds ratios and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were used when calculating the relationship between miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and susceptibility to digestive cancers.ResultsA significant correlation between the miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and the presence of digestive system cancers was found in four genetic models, which were the homozygote, dominant, recessive, and allele genetic models (GG vs AA: OR = 1.210, 95 %CI = 1.020–1.436, P = 0.029; GG + AG vs AA: OR = 1.092, 95 %CI = 1.024–1.164, P = 0.007; GG vs AG + AA: OR = 1.182, 95 %CI = 1.005–1.390, P = 0.044; G vs A: OR = 1.099, 95 %CI = 1.046–1.154, P < 0.001). Hierarchical analysis by ethnicity suggested that miR-27a rs895819 significantly increased the risk of digestive system cancers in the Asian population, but not in Caucasians. Additionally, rs895819 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with colorectal cancer and gastric cancer.ConclusionsThe miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk for digestive system cancers.     

The Role of Interleukin-1 in Stress-Induced Changes in Immune System Function

The cellular-molecular mechanisms of changes in immune system function were studied, including the production of lymphocyte activating factor (LAF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), the effects of IL-1 on target cells, and subsequent cytokine signal transduction via the sphingomyelin pathway, in different types of stress. These experiments showed that stress of different durations and intensities induced the formation of lymphocyte activating factors by peritoneal macrophages and increased IL-1 levels in mouse blood, but led to different changes in the responses of target thymocytes to the committing actions of IL-1, which correlated with changes in the level of the humoral immune response. These data coincided with differently-directed stress-induced changes in the activity of membrane-bound neutral sphingomyelinase, the key enzyme in the sphingomyelin cascade, in cerebral cortex membrane fraction P2 from mouse brains. The results obtained here suggest that IL-1 is involved in the physiological mechanisms of stress reactions, operating at the levels of IL-1 production and its biological actions on lymphoid target cells, as well as at the level of cytokine signal transduction via the sphingomyelin pathway in nerve tissue.     

Ras相关区域家族1A基因及其与肺癌相关的研究进展

新近在肺癌和乳腺癌的研究中发现的Ras相关区域家族1A(Ras-association domain family 1A,RASSF1A)基因位于染色体3p21.3,是一种新型的肿瘤抑制基因(tumor suppressor gene,TSG).研究表明,RASSF1A主要通过介导细胞凋亡、阻断细胞周期进展等机制发挥抑癌作用,而该基因的表遗传失活与肺癌等多种恶性肿瘤的发生、发展和预后密切相关.同时其高甲基化的启动子可能是一种新的肿瘤标记物,可应用于肿瘤的诊断、治疗及其他众多领域,有着广阔的临床应用前景.