肿瘤患者红细胞CD44s与CD58分子的定量测定及意义

目的建立定量测定红细胞CD44s和CD58分子的实验方法,研究其数量变化与肿瘤转移的关系。方法将戊二醛固定的1.2×106红细胞定量“液相包被”于V型板中,依次加入抗CD44s和CD58分子单克隆抗体、碱性磷酸酶标记的第二抗体及可溶性底物,移显色液于比色孔,在405nm比色,计算其A405吸光度值。结果本方法具有良好的敏感性和重复性。非转移性肿瘤患者红细胞CD44s和CD58分子数量表达低于正常人群,但无统计学差异。而转移性卵巢癌和肝癌患者的红细胞CD44s和CD58分子数量明显低于无转移肿瘤患者和正常人群（P＜0.001）。CD44s数量变化与肿瘤患者血清透明质酸(HA)含量变化密切相关。红细胞CD58分子表达变化对红细胞调节淋巴细胞免疫粘附能力有明显影响。结论红细胞CD44s分子数量表达变化与肿瘤转移密切相关;红细胞CD58分子参与机体整体免疫调节。     

卵巢癌患者红细胞CR1密度相关基因组多态性与血细胞天然免疫活性相关性研究

目的　对卵巢癌患者血细胞天然免疫活性与红细胞CR1密度相关基因组多态性的相关性进行对比研究。方法　对 5 1例卵巢癌、4 3例良性肿瘤患者和 4 0例正常妇女采用PCR RFLP方法测定红细胞CR1(ECR1)密度相关基因多态性 ,采用红细胞或淋巴细胞免疫粘附肿瘤细胞的方法对血细胞天然免疫活性进行了测定。结果　发现卵巢癌患者红细胞和淋巴细胞CR1天然免疫活性明显低于良性卵巢肿瘤患者和正常人。红细胞CR1密度相关基因高表达 (HH)型组的血细胞天然免疫活性明显高于中表达 (HL)型 ,而HL型明显高于低表达 (LL)型。加红细胞组淋巴细胞CR1天然免疫活性明显高于不加红细胞组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　红细胞增强淋巴细胞CR1天然免疫活性与红细胞CR1密度相关基因型密切相关。     

慢性肝炎患者ECR1基因多态性、数量及活性的变化

目的　研究慢性肝炎 (CH)患者红细胞Ⅰ型补体受体 (ECR1)密度相关基因多态性、数量表达及活性的变化。方法　采用PCR和HindⅢ酶切技术测定ECR1分子基因多态性 ,采用酶联免疫法定量测定ECR1分子的数量 ,采用红细胞天然免疫粘附功能试验测定ECR1粘附活性。结果　慢性肝炎患者ECR1密度相关基因多态性与健康人群相比差异无显著性。活动性慢性肝炎、肝功能异常的肝炎后肝硬化患者ECR1的数量表达及活性明显低于健康人群 (t=9 87,P <0 0 0 0 1) ,失代偿性肝炎后肝硬化患者的ECR1分子数量明显低于代偿性肝炎后肝硬化患者 ,但肝功能正常的慢性肝炎患者ECR1数量与健康人群比较无明显变化。结论　慢性肝炎患者ECR1数量表达及活性缺陷系后天引起 ,测定慢性肝炎患者ECR1的数量对临床病情判断及发展预测有重要参考价值。     

红细胞免疫功能与SLE研究进展

本文综述了红细胞免疫功能与SLE 的研究近况。红细胞免疫功能改变与自身免疫性疾病密切相关,SLE 患者红细胞CR1减少、红细胞免疫粘附功能低下,是由遗传缺陷及后天因素共同引起,由前者造成的持续低水平的红细胞CR1使个体对SLE 易感或加重其临床表现,而后者与病情波动有关。还介绍了SLE 红细胞免疫粘附功能变化情况、发生机制及其调节因子的变化等,探讨了SLE 患者红细胞免疫功能改变的意义。     

红细胞CR1在急性颅脑损伤患者表达及免疫功能的探讨

人类红细胞膜上1型补体受体(CR1)属于糖肽,其配体有C3b、C4b、ic3b、ic4b.CR1 的主要免疫功能是清除循环免疫复合物(CIC)及病原体; 将抗原提呈给淋巴细胞,增强T淋巴依赖性反应; 增强免疫调控作用及效应细胞样作用[1].因此,研究红细胞CR1分子的表达及其免疫粘附(RCIA)功能的变化与疾病的关系具有重要意义.我们采用ELISA法和酵母菌花环试验,测定了37例急性颅脑损伤患者外周血红细胞CR1分子的表达、RBC-C3bR 形成率及RBC-ICR形成率,旨在了解患者的红细胞免疫功能及意义.     

中国人红细胞补体受体1(CD35)分子量多态性

CR1即补体受体1型,是补体成分C3b、iC3b与C4b的受体,存在于多种细胞表面.每个红细胞表面平均有500个CR1分子,由于红细胞数量较多,所以血液中CR1大部分存在于红细胞表面[1].红细胞CR1参与多种免疫功能如调理免疫复合物[2]等,同时还发现与许多疾病有关,且与其数量或分子量多态性直接相关.目前大部分研究集中在CR1活性及数量多态性上,本研究旨在了解中国人CR1/E分子量多态性.     

肿瘤患者红细胞CR1分子数量及基因多态性的变化

我们建立的红细胞ＣＲ1分子酶联定量测定法 ,具有良好的灵敏性和重复性[1] ,用此种方法测定自身免疫疾病 ,与国外报道的结果完全相同[2 ] 。最近对良、恶性肿瘤患者红细胞ＣＲ1分子的数量表达Ａ4 0 5值进行测定发现 ,恶性肿瘤患者红细胞ＣＲ1分子数量表达较良性肿瘤患者和正常人群都明显下降 ,并且是后天获得性。此点国外尚无报道。本文对良、恶性肿瘤患者红细胞ＣＲ1分子的数量及其基因多态性表达变化进行了研究 ,报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　病例来源及血标本　 10 2例肝癌患者系第二军医大学附属东方肝胆医院住院确诊病人 ;大肠癌2 6例…     

应用PCR检测CR1基因型多态性

CR1也称C3b受体或CD35.它位于红细胞(RBC)表面,与免疫复合物的清除有关。循环中的免疫复合物的清除率与每个RBC表面的CR1分子数(CR1/E,E表示红细胞)直接相关。最近发现CR1结构基因中的一个内含子有单个碱基突变而产生Hind Ⅲ位点;这种突变可使RBC表面的CR1分子数表达减低.作者应用聚含酶链反应(PCR)将包含有此突变的DNA片段进行扩增,随之用HindⅢ消化,经琼脂糖凝胶     

系统性红斑狼疮外周血单个核细胞CD28/B7分子mRNA的表达

目的 :探讨CD2 8 B7分子在系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)发病机制中的作用及其临床意义。方法 :应用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)检测 35例活动期SLE患者和 30例正常人外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)中CD2 8、B7 1和B7 2mRNA的表达水平。结果 :35例活动期SLE患者PBMC中CD2 8的阳性表达率 (2 2 86 % )明显低于正常人对照组 (70 0 0 % ) ,差异非常显著 (P <0 0 0 1) ;B7 2的阳性表达率 (82 86 % )明显高于正常对照组 (5 3 33% ) ,差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ;活动期SLE组CD2 8的平均表达水平 (0 194 5± 0 2 0 74 )明显低于正常对照组 (0 4 2 38± 0 10 5 3) ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;B7 2的平均表达水平 (0 86 75± 0 2 5 75 )明显高于正常人对照组 (0 4 898± 0 30 72 ) ,差异非常显著 (P <0 0 1) ;35例活动期SLE患者中仅有 2例B7 1呈阳性表达。结论 :CD2 8 B7分子的异常表达可能与SLE患者淋巴细胞和抗原呈递细胞 (APC)的功能变化有关。B7 1低水平与B7 2的高水平表达表明 ,SLE患者T细胞的活化可能主要是通过CD2 8与B7 2的交联传递共刺激信号 ,介导以Th2型反应为主的免疫应答反应 ;B7 2的表达水平可能与SLE疾病的活动性有一定的相关性。CD2 8mRNA的低水平表达可能与外周血CD2 8 T细胞凋亡增加或迁移到炎症部     

丙型肝炎患者红细胞免疫功能与脂质过氧化物和补体受体(CR1)粘附活性相关的研究

目的 :研究丙型肝炎患者红细胞免疫功能与脂质过氧化物和补体受体CR1水平的关系。方法 :应用红细胞酵母花环法测定红细胞免疫功能 ,化学法测定血浆丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -PX)含量 ,红细胞免疫粘附法测定CR1含量 ,并与 35名正常健康人比较。结果 :5 8例丙型肝炎患者RBC -IC花环率和MDA水平明显高于正常人组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而RBC -C3b、SOD ,GSH -PX、CR1水平明显低于正常 (P <0 .0 1) ,相关分析显示 :RBC -C3b花环、CR1的水平与MDA呈显著的负相关 (r =- 0 .4 0 12 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,RBC -IC与MDA呈正相关 (r =0 .6 12 4 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :丙型肝炎患者红细胞免疫粘附功能降低和CR1水平的下降与活性氧代谢紊乱密切相关。     

Studien zur humoralen Regulation des erythropoetischen Proliferationsspeichers beim Menschen

Zusammenfassung Die Beeinflussung der Erythroblasten-Proliferation durch das Mikromilieu wurde in vitro mittels Auswertung durch Differential- und Mitosezählungen und Signifikanzberechnung vieler Versuchsreihen auch unter verschiedenen pathologischen Bedingungen getestet.Sowohl die Mitosehäufigkeit wie die Ausreifung waren positiv mit dem Erythropoetingehalt des Medium korreliert. Der Effekt wurde durch Folsäure, Ätiocholanolon und cAMP verstärkt. Cobalt stimulierte ebenso wie Testosteron und Methenolon in vitro unabhängig von der Erythropoetinkonzentration im Medium die Erythroblastenproliferation. Ein vermindertes Eisenangebot störte die endgültige Ausreifung der Erythroblasten zu Retikulozyten und bewirkte dadurch eine Ineffektivität der Erythorpoese. Anhaltspunkte für ein Erythrozyten-Chalon oder einen Erythropoetinhemmkörper ließen sich aus unserem Versuchsansatz nicht gewinnen, weil er die Transformation der pluripotenten in die erythropoetin-sensible Stammzelle nicht einschließt. Als Nebenbefund ergab sich eine Stimulation des granulozytopoetischen Proliferationsspeichers durch Serumzusatz zum Medium von Patienten nach akutem Blutverlust und bei Polycythämia vera.Unterstützt durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras

Aymara people has been a relatively homogeneous group since Spanish Conquest by 1,532 CE, even if previously represented a group of various cultural defined populations who gave rise to them. They were and are established in Andean Altiplano around Titikaka Lake (Bolivia, Peru), Argentina and Chile neighborhood, speak Aymara language and have been maintained after Europeans arrival at a lower social status than Quechua (Inca) speaking people. However, both Aymara and Quechua populations acknowledge Titikaka Lake as center of their origins; both languages are also related. Specific high frequencies of HLA-A*02, -A*24 and -A*68, HLA-B*35, -B*39 and -B*48, HLA-DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*09:01, and -DRB1*14:02, and HLA-DQB1*04:02, -DQB1*03:02 and -DQB1*03:01 alleles are found in Aymaras and HLA class II haplotypes common to Andean Amerindians (DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02 and DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02), like Quechua, Aymara, Uros, Lamas and Mapuche are also found in Easter and other Pacific Islands. Giant human head stone statues at Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) are also found at Easter Island. Thus, it is possible a gene and cultural flow between Andean Amerindians and Easter and other Pacific Islands, as it was demonstrated by Thor Heyerdahl in his Kon-Tiki expedition which reached Pacific Islands sailing from El Callao Harbour (Lima, Peru).     

Lipid composition of metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis and lipid changes during growth

A lipid analysis was performed on developing metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis removed from the livers of rats at times varying from 3 to 35 weeks post infection. Lipid accounted for 7–21% of the dry weight of the parasites. The highest proportions were found at the earlier stages. The distribution was as follows; neutral lipid 27–45%; glycolipid 5–11%; and phospholipid 50–61%. The major neutral lipid was cholesterol, and minor neutral lipids were sterol esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. Hydrocarbons were present throughout development, but in the highest amounts at the earlier stages. Five different glycolipids were found, all of which were identified as glycosphingolipids. An increase in the proportion of more complex glycolipids was noted as parasites grew older. Ten different phospholipids were identified, with the major components being phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Other phospholipids were: lysophosphatides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and an unknown phospholipid component. Changes in the relative amounts of the two major phospholipids were found when the early and late stages were compared. Two lipids found throughout development were identified as glycosylated dolichol phosphates, and they comprised between 1 and 3% of the total phospholipid fraction. Nineteen fatty acids were detected, and the fatty acid distribution for each lipid class at each stage was determined. Seven major fatty acids were common to each. These were: hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosanoic, and docosahexaenoic.     

Simple Serological Assays for Detecting Rice Tungro Viruses

An attempt was made to produce sensitive and specific polyclonal antisera against the viruses causing rice tungro disease, and to assess their potential for use in simple diagnostic tests. Using a multiple, sequential injection procedure, seven batches of polyclonal antisera against rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) were produced. These were characterized for their sensitivity and specificity using ring-interface precipitin test and double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA. Thirty-one weeks after the first immunization, antiserum batch B6b for RTBV showed the highest ring interface titer (DEP = 1:1920). For RTSV, batches S3, S4b and S5b all had similar titres (DEP = 1:640). In DAS-ELISA, however, significant differences among purified antisera (IgG) batches were observed only at IgG dilution of 10^-3. At that dilution, IgGB4b showed the greatest sensitivity, while IgGS3 showed greatest sensitivity for RTSV. When all IgG batches were tested against 11 tungro field isolates (dual RTBV-RTSV infections) at sample dilution of 1:10, IgGB4b and IgGB6b for RTBV and IgGS3 and IgGS6b for RTSV performed equally well. However, after cross adsorption with healthy plant extracts in a specially prepared healthy plant-Sepharose affinity column, only IgGB6b could be used specifically to detect RTBV in a simple tissue-print assay.     

Is it worthy to take full-course immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis? About efficacy biomarker of allergen immunotherapy

Nowadays, people pay more attention to biomarkers that can predict clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. As the only recognized aetiological treatment, the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been proved by many studies. However, treatment success depends on compliance and persistence greatly, which can be impaired by the lengthy duration of AIT and socioeconomic status of patients. Besides, ineffectiveness is another factor that accounts for non-adherence. If the clinical efficacy can be predicted in the early stage of immunotherapy, it can help patients choose appropriate treatment plans, increase patient compliance and optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper mainly focuses on five candidate biomarkers, the sIgE/tIgE ratio before treatment, serum inhibitory activity for IgE, decreased basophil activation, upregulation of Tregs and tolerogenic DCs, reviews the time when potential biomarkers can predict or monitor the efficacy of AIT, discusses the reason why these indicators could serve as efficacy biomarkers and interactions among potential biomarkers.     

Neurotransmitter signaling pathways required for normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos: a pharmacological survey screen

Neurotransmitters are not only involved in brain function but are also important signaling molecules for many diverse cell types. Neurotransmitters are widely conserved, from evolutionarily ancient organisms lacking nervous systems through man. Here, results are reported from a loss‐ and gain‐of‐function survey, using pharmacological modulators of several neurotransmitter pathways to examine possible roles for these pathways in normal embryogenesis. Applying reagents targeting the glutamatergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways to embryos of Xenopus laevis from gastrulation to organogenesis stages, we observed and quantified numerous malformations, including craniofacial defects, hyperpigmentation, muscle mispatterning and miscoiling of the gut. These data implicate several key neurotransmitters in new embryonic patterning roles, reveal novel earlier stages for processes involved in eye development, suggest new targets for subsequent molecular‐genetic investigation, and highlight the necessity for in‐depth toxicology studies of psychoactive compounds to which human embryos might be exposed during pregnancy.     

Uncombable Hair (cheveux incoiffables, pili trianguli et canaliculi) Syndrome: Brief Review and Role of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Diagnosis

Uncombable hair syndrome was first described some 3 decades ago as "cheveux incoiffables" and is also known as spun-glass hair and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Both inherited (autosomal dominant and recessive with variable levels of penetrance) and sporadic forms of uncombable hair syndrome have been described, both being characterized by scalp hair that is impossible to comb due to the haphazard arrangement of the hair bundles. A characteristic morphologic feature of hair in this syndrome is a triangular to reniform to heart shape on cross-sections, and a groove, canal or flattening along the entire length of the hair in at least 50%of hairs examined by scanning electron microscopy. Most individuals are affected early in childhood and the hair takeson a spun-glassappearance with the hair becoming dry, curly, glossy, lighter in color, and progressively uncombable. Only the scalp hair is affected. Several conditions are associated with uncombable hair, such as ectodermal dysplasia, retinal dysplasia/ pigmentary dystrophy, juvenile cataract, digit abnormalities, tooth enamel anomalies, oligodontia, and phalangoepiphyseal dysplasia. Other syndromes with hair abnormalities may also mimic uncombable hair syndrome clinically and these include, Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia; loose anagen hair syndrome; ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodatyly, cleft lip/ palate (EEC) syndrome; and familial tricho-odonto-onchyial ectodermal dysplasia with syndactyly. Unlike other conditions with an uncombable hair component, uncombable hair syndrome alone (cheveux incoiffables, pili trianguli etcanaliculi) is not associated with physical, neurologic, or mental abnormalities. In most cases of uncombable hair syndrome, the hair is grossly abnormal in infancy and early childhood, but may have improved manageability later in life. Scanning electron microscopy of hair samples provides definitive evidence for diagnosis of clinically suspected uncombable hair syndrome and eliminates other hair abnormalities from the differential diagnosis.     

A comparative study of cholinergic systems of the neocortex and hippocampus in rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia

Synaptic structures in the neocortex and hippocampus of the intact brain were compared between rats with low and high resistance to hypobaric hypoxia. Activities of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, Na,K-ATPase, and the portion of protein in the light and heavy synaptosome fractions and subfractions were measured. A discrepancy in cholinergic metabolism molecular mechanisms between high and low resistance animals have been found in the heavy somatosoma fraction from the neocortex. Activities of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and Na,K-ATPase in the synaptolemmal subfraction of low resistant rats were much lower than in high resistant rats. This implies a less effective synaptic transmission in proper cholinergic neurons in the low resistance animals and, therefore, specifically changed neuron functioning in the circulation control. No differences in the cholinergic components of either neocortical light synaptosome fraction or hippocampal light and heavy synaptosome fractions were found between low and high resistance rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 5, pp. 521–525, May, 1998     

BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy

This guideline advises on the management of patients with cow's milk allergy. Cow's milk allergy presents in the first year of life with estimated population prevalence between 2% and 3%. The clinical manifestations of cow's milk allergy are very variable in type and severity making it the most difficult food allergy to diagnose. A careful age‐ and disease‐specific history with relevant allergy tests including detection of milk‐specific IgE (by skin prick test or serum assay), diagnostic elimination diet, and oral challenge will aid in diagnosis in most cases. Treatment is advice on cow's milk avoidance and suitable substitute milks. Cow's milk allergy often resolves. Reintroduction can be achieved by the graded exposure, either at home or supervised in hospital depending on severity, using a milk ladder. Where cow's milk allergy persists, novel treatment options may include oral tolerance induction, although most authors do not currently recommend it for routine clinical practice. Cow's milk allergy must be distinguished from primary lactose intolerance. This guideline was prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) and is intended for clinicians in secondary and tertiary care. The recommendations are evidence based, but where evidence is lacking the panel of experts in the committee reached consensus. Grades of recommendation are shown throughout. The document encompasses epidemiology, natural history, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment.