河北汉族高血压患者的指纹纹型分析

目的:研究高血压患者的指纹纹型分布,并与正常人群作比较,为临床医学提供基础皮纹学参数.方法:对212例河北地区高血压患者印泥拓取法采集指纹,放大镜下鉴定.结果:河北高血压患者的指纹参数值斗形纹(W)占38.16％,箕形纹(L)占57.12％,弓形纹(A)占4.72％.A多见于示指,其次是拇指;尺箕纹(Lu)多见于小指,其次是中指.桡箕纹(Lr)多见于示指,其次是中指.W多见于环指.双手十指同纹型的频率为10.85％.一手五指纹型组合频率为OLW(55.66％)＞同型组合(27.83％)＞ALO(9.67％)＞ALW(6.60％)＞AOW(0.24％).对应手指纹型组合频率为L/L (42.17％)＞W/W(25.19％)＞L/W (24.62％)＞A/L (5.28％)＞A/A (1.42％)＞A/W (1.32％).结论:高血压患者对应手指同型组合频率为68.78％,指纹纹型分布具有一定对称性,但较正常人群指纹对称性差.     

唐山汉族冠心病患者的指纹纹型分析*

目的：研究冠心病患者的指纹纹型分布,并与正常人群指纹分布作比较,为临床医学提供基础皮纹学参数。 方法：对160 例唐山地区冠心病患者及160 例对照组人群印泥拓取法采集指纹,放大镜下鉴定。结果：冠心病患者 的指纹参数值为：斗形纹（W）占56.19%,箕形纹（L）占41.25%,弓形纹（A）占2.56%。A形纹多见于示指,其 次是中指;Lr 多见于示指;Lu 多见于小指;W多见于环指。冠心病患者示指箕形纹和弓形纹的频率较对照组具有 显著性差异。双手十指同纹型的频率为20%。一手五指纹型组合频率为OLW（65.31%）> 同型组合（26.25%）> ALO（4.69%）>ALW（3.75%）。对应手指纹型组合频率为W/W（ 49.13%）>L/L（ 33.00%）>L/W（13.00%）> A/L（3.50%）>A/A（1.25%）。患者组和对照组示指出现A/L 和L/W组合的频率差异显著,2 组中L/W和W/W组 合的频率差异显著。结论： 冠心病患者指纹纹型分布具有特异性,且男性和女性间差别不显著。     

河北汉族人群指纹与扣手方式的相关性分析

目的:探讨河北汉族人群指纹纹型分布与扣手方式之间是否具有关联性.方法:调查了300例青少年的扣手方式,并采用无油墨法获取研究对象的指纹.结果:十指交叉时,左扣手人群的各种纹型频率为L(52.13％)＞W(44.73％)＞A((3.13％),右扣手人群的各种纹型频率为L(60.13％)＞W(35.67％)＞A((4.2％),其中Lu、L和W型纹的分布频率两者间具有差异.A形纹多见于示指,其次是拇指.Lr多见于示指,其次是拇指.Lu多见于小指,其次是中指.W多见于环指,其次是拇指.拇指中出现Lu、L和W纹型的频率,中指出现A、W纹型的频率,环指出现Lr纹型的频率两人群间差异具有统计学意义.AL、LL和LW的对应手指纹型组合频率两人群间存在差异.各指纹型组合中,拇指中AA和LL、示指AL、中指AL和LW、小指中LW组合频率两人群间差异具有统计学意义.结论:河北汉族左扣手人群和右扣手人群的指纹纹型分布具有一定的差异性.在一定程度上说明手指纹与扣手方式有一定的关联性.     

Distribution of fingerprint patterns of Jingpo nationality in China

目的:研究正常景颇族人的指纹纹型分布,为医学、遗传学、人类学提供正常参数.方法:在知情同意原则下,捺印调查对象的手纹.结果:W占49.95％,L占44.67％,A占5.38％,A及L的分布有性别差异.A多见于示指,Lu多见于小指,其次是中指,Lr多见于示指,W多见于拇指,其次是环指.对应指纹型组合频率为W/W(41.75％)＞L/L(35.31％)＞L/W(15.02％)＞A/L(3.60％)＞A/A(2.84％)＞A/W(1.49％),一手五指纹型组合频率为OLW(59.09％)＞同型组合(24.73％)＞ALW(10.82％)＞ALO(4.27％)＞AOW(1.09 ％),双手十指同纹型频率为17.09％.结论:指纹纹型分布具有对称性,与其他民族相比有共性也有其特异性.     

中国大理市白族指纹纹型的分布

目的：研究300名正常白族人的指纹纹型分布,为遗传学、医学、人类学提供正常参数。方法：在知情同意手续下,捺印调查对象的手纹。结果：L占52．7%,W占43．83%,A占3．47%,均有性别差异,无手别差异。A多见于拇指,L~u多见于小指,其次是中指,L~r多见于食指,W多见于拇指,其次是环指。对应指纹型组合频率为：L/L(45．1%)＞W/W(37．1%)＞L/W(12．2%)＞A/L(3．40%)＞A/A(1．73%)＞A/W(0．53%),一手五指纹型组合频率为：OLW(64．83%)＞同型组合(21%)＞ALW(7．50%)＞ALO(6．33%)＞AOW(0．33%),双手十指同纹型频率为12．67%。结论：指纹纹型分布具有对称性,与其他民族有共性也有其特异性。     

黑龙江三家子村满族指纹纹型分析

目的:了解黑龙江省富裕县三家子村满族指纹纹型的基本特征.方法:在知情同意的原则下,捺印黑龙江省富裕县三家子村满族58名男性、69名女性的指纹.结果:黑龙江省富裕县三家子村满族的斗形纹(W)占50.74％,箕形纹(L)占47.91％,弓形纹(A)占1.34％,FI=106.05,DI=2.87,PⅡ ＝14.94,PC=51.08.W和L的分布频率在男女之间存在差异.A/A、L/L、W/W在双手对应手指的观察频率均大于期望频率.A/W在双手对应手指的观察频率小于期望频率.127人的254只手中,同为W的有38只,同为L的有26只,未见同为A的样本.结论:黑龙江三家子村满族的指纹特征符合蒙占人种的一般特征,且与汉族的指纹特征相近,但仍具有自身的特点.     

200名汉族青年皮纹学调查分析

对２００名正常青年学生进行了１３项皮纹参数测定。指纹是尺侧箕多（４８．８５％），趾纹是腓侧箕多（６２．４５％）。手指纹型左右对应组合格局以箕形纹／箕形纹多（４０．７０％）。指趾纹型左右对称频率为７９．００％，指趾纹同型频率男性分别以斗形纹与箕形纹多，女性则以箕形纹多。指纹嵴线总数为１５１．７０±４３．３６，指纹嵴线绝对总数为２１５．５０±９３．０３，ｔ距比１６．７４。指纹系数男女分别为５１．５６与４４．１６；趾纹系数男女分别为１９．１４与１６．９５。手指球部轴三射线走向中Ａ与Ｂ主线多走向小鱼际区，Ｃ与Ｄ主线多走向Ｉ＿４区。双侧通贯手７例，单侧通贯手５例，掌跖真实花纹以箕形纹多。     

A fingerprint characteristics study on Han nationality in Yixian county

目的:探讨义县汉族人群的指纹特征,为皮纹学研究提供参考.方法:在知情同意情况下按捺523名(男220例,女303例)义县汉族人的掌指纹,分析指纹类型、计数指纹嵴线数.结果:义县汉族人群箕形纹频率最高,男、女分别为51.18％、51.59％,以尺箕纹为主;其次为斗形纹,男、女分别为46.59％、女46.11％,以简单斗形纹为主;弓形纹出现率最低;总指纹嵴数男性为139.48,女性为140.93,性别间不存在差异.结论:义县汉族人群的指纹学特征具有种族特异性,各种指纹型和指纹嵴线数在不同民族及各手指间的分布具有差异性.     

广西汉族指纹特征分析

目的:探讨广西汉族指纹特征,为人类皮纹学和临床医学提供参考数据.方法:油印法采集指纹图样,放大镜观察计数,分析其指纹类型频率、指嵴纹数及指嵴纹总数,并与文献报道的其他省汉族进行对比分析.结果:广西汉族指纹类型以尺箕和斗型纹为主要类型,弓形纹和桡箕出现频率较低;广西汉族指纹分布频率为斗形纹(48.16％)＞尺箕(44.60％)＞弓形纹(5.59％)＞桡箕(1.65％),与其他省份的指纹类型分布频率有所不同;广西汉族男、女生之间指纹嵴纹差异有统计学意义,与广东汉族相比无差异;与宁夏汉族女性相比差异有统计学意义.结论:广西汉族指纹具有一定的本民族特点.     

科技班学生皮纹的调查研究

目的 :通过对科技班学生皮纹的研究 ,了解高智商人群的皮纹特征。方法 :用印油印取皮纹 ,放大镜观察。比较科技班和对照组的指纹、手 (脚 )掌各区纹型频率的差异。结果 :科技班指端斗形纹为 5 2 7% ,趾球部远侧箕形纹 5 2 8%、斗形纹 2 7 5 %和TFRC 1 49 2条 ,均高于对照组。而指端和趾球部弓形纹均低于对照组。结论 :再次证明皮纹与智商有相关性。本研究结果对优秀人才的选拔等有参考价值     

唐山地区糖尿病患者的指纹研究

目的研究了326例唐山地区人群（正常：180例;高血压患者：146例）的指纹纹型分布。方法油墨法采集研究对象的指纹。结果报道了146名唐山糖尿病患者的指纹参数值为L占51．92％（其中L^r占4．18％;^u”占47．74％）,W占44．73％,A占3．36％。糖尿病患者各种纹型频率与正常对照组相比,L^r纹型的频率存在显著差异（尸〈0．01）。A多见于食指;L^u多见于小指;L^r多见于食指;W多见于环指。双手十指同纹型的频率为17．81％。对应手指纹型组合频率为：L／L（40．96％）〉W／W（35．89％）〉L／W（17．67％）〉A／L（4．25％）〉A／A（1．23％）。糖尿病患者对应手指同型组合频率为78．08％。结论糖尿病患者指纹纹型分布具有特异性,具有一定对称型,但较正常人群指纹对称性差。     

宁夏回族、汉族皮纹学研究——Ⅰ指纹

目的 报道指纹各参数在宁夏回族、汉族群体中的分布特点.方法 采用随机整体抽样方法分析宁夏回族、汉族指纹样本共计614份,回族262人(男性129人,女性133人),汉族352人(男性206人,女性146人).结果 两民族间尺侧箕型纹和桡侧箕型纹存在显著性差异;同名指各组合频率按由高到低排序均为W/W＞L/L＞L/W＞A/L＞A/A＞A/W;男性汉族TFRC为137.34±2.01,女性123.60±1.75;男性回族为137.36±2.25,女性120.58±1.91.结论 1.两民族TFRC不存在明显民族间差异,但有显著性别差异;2.两民族间一手五指指端花样类型的递减频率次序除U存在差异外,其他3项无显著性差异;3.A/W具有不相容性;4.不同地区回族群体指纹参数差异显著;5.弓形纹的分布具有明显种族差异.     

河北汉族卷舌和翻舌人群的指纹分析

本文对215名河北汉族卷舌者的指纹组合及频率进行了分析,并与85名翻舌者的指纹进行了对比研究,发现卷舌组的At纹的频率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。     

广东汉族的指纹研究

目的为了给体质人类学和临床医学提供基础皮纹学参数。方法印泥法采集指纹,放大镜和体视显微镜下鉴定计数。结果报道了广东地区18～21岁314例(男155人,女159人)汉族大学生的指纹参数正常值。调查和计算了指纹类型、指纹指数、指纹组合、各型指纹在各指的递减顺序和指嵴纹计数等项参数,指纹各型频率是L>W>A,其中Ws男>女(P<0.01),Wd和A女>男(P<0.01),而L则无明显性差异(P>0.05)。与其他汉族群体进行了比较,显示有不少统计学差异,在民族和人种间进行比较,显示广东汉族与其他蒙古人种(如日本人)有小的差异,而与高加索人种和尼格罗人种有极大差异。本文还对差异的可能原因进行了讨论。结论广东汉族有自己的皮纹特点,又显示蒙古人种的一般特征。     

拇指与2～5指对指特征测试及其意义

目的:通过成人拇指与2～5指对指特征测试(TCFTT),探讨掌指关节在对指功能中重要性的测试方法。方法:成人健康手10双(男5,女5),在掌指关节、近指间关节及远指间关节屈曲或伸直位时,2～5指与拇指分别对指,测定接触范围和对指指印。结果:当2～5指掌指关节可屈曲及远指间关节可屈曲或伸直位固定时,拇指与2～5指对指接触范围在近指间关节可屈曲时不受限( ),在近指间关节伸直位固定时略受限( ～ );对指指印比较完整,均可显示近节、中节和远节指印。当2～5指掌指关节伸直位固定时,近指间关节可屈曲时,拇指和2～5指接触范围明显受限( ～ ),对指指印显示为远节,或包括部分中节;近指间关节也伸直位固定时,拇指与2～5指不能接触(-),无对指指印显示。结论:TCFTT可以充分阐述2～5指掌指关节在对指功能及手功能作用中的重要意义。     

Motor redundancy during maximal voluntary contraction in four-finger tasks

The goal of the study was to investigate force-sharing patterns in multi-finger tasks. Maximal normal force (MNF) as well as the force-time curves produced by individual fingers were measured in 10 young male subjects in three tasks: (1) holding an instrumented handle in a pad opposition with the thumb at seven different locations, from opposing the index finger (L₀) to opposing the little finger (L₆); (2) holding the handle in a pad opposition with the thumb at an individually selected comfortable location; and (3) pressing with the four fingers against the same handle fixed to the external support. We found that: (1) The moment due to the normal finger forces changed systematically when the thumb position varied from L₀ to L₅ /L₆, and it was equal to zero at a certain middle position of the thumb, the neutral position. At this position, the shear force produced by the fingers was zero. (2) The total MNF changed in an ascending-descending manner when the thumb position varied from L₀ to L₅ /L₆. The highest value of the maximal total normal force was produced at a position of the thumb that was preferred as the most comfortable position in the grip task. (3) In the press task, the neutral line – the line with respect to which the moment generated by the four fingers equals zero – was at the same location as the preferred thumb position in the grip tasks. (4) Larger total normal force corresponded to smaller total shear forces. (5) In grip tasks, with the thumb in a comfortable position, the force-force relationships among fingers were approximately linear. Hence, in these thumb positions, the force-sharing pattern was established at the beginning of the trial. At the extreme positions of the thumb, irregular patterns of the force-force relationships were observed. (6) In trials with different thumb locations, a significant correlation was found between the maximal force produced by the index and small fingers. (7) Peak force exerted by individual fingers in the multi-finger tasks was much smaller than the maximal force displayed by the same fingers in the single-finger tasks. The peak force depended on the thumb position and varied from 11.3% to 65.2% of the maximal force exerted by the same finger in the single-finger task. With the thumb in the comfortable position, the relative peak force for all fingers was approximately at the same level, 50–55%. The data are in agreement with the hypothesis that the total force is shared among individual fingers, minimizing the moment with respect to the functional hand axis. Received: 18 August 1997 / Accepted: 19 March 1998     

Is the thumb a fifth finger? A study of digit interaction during force production tasks

We studied indices of digit interaction in single- and multi-digit maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests when the thumb acted either in parallel or in opposition to the fingers. The peak force produced by the thumb was much higher when the thumb acted in opposition to the fingers and its share of the total force in the five-digit MVC test increased dramatically. The fingers showed relatively similar peak forces and unchanged sharing patterns in the four-finger MVC task when the thumb acted in parallel and in opposition to the fingers. Enslaving during one-digit tasks showed relatively mild differences between the two conditions, while the differences became large when enslaving was quantified for multi-digit tasks. Force deficit was pronounced when the thumb acted in parallel to the fingers; it showed a monotonic increase with the number of explicitly involved digits up to four digits and then a drop when all five digits were involved. Force deficit all but disappeared when the thumb acted in opposition to the fingers. However, for both thumb positions, indices of digit interaction were similar for groups of digits that did or did not include the thumb. These results suggest that, given a certain hand configuration, the central nervous system treats the thumb as a fifth finger. They provide strong support for the hypothesis that indices of digit interaction reflect neural factors, not the peripheral design of the hand. An earlier formal model was able to account for the data when the thumb acted in parallel to the fingers. However, it failed for the data with the thumb acting in opposition to the fingers.     

人类指端皮纹遗传规律的研究

目的探讨指端皮纹遗传的规律性.方法将"斗"定义为规则圆形指纹,对随机人群和家系指纹资料进行分析.结果 "斗形"纹统计频数图不呈正态分布,指纹呈10"斗"者明显高于理论值.十指两两45种组合只有8组组合两手指指纹变化相关.以手指为单位,亲代手指均为"斗形"纹者其子女对应手指呈"斗形"纹者为46%.结论十指指纹受一个表现型为规则圆形指纹基因和一群影响其表现型形成的基因所控制,每个手指指纹的不同变化是独立随机发生的.     

并指（趾）症一家系指纹特征的研究

本文采集了一个4代111人的并指（趾）症家系指纹,对某些指纹指标进行统计并与正常人群进行对比。结果表明：该家系并指（趾）症表现为常染色体显性遗传,但存在违背常染色体显性遗传规律的情况发生;该家系指纹在各种纹型分布比例、同种纹型在不同指位的出现频率、左右对应手指指纹的纹型组合（除ALu型组合）与正常人群均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;左右对应手指的ALu型组合出现频率显著低于正常人群频率（P〈0.001）;出现并指（趾）畸形的相邻两指（趾）,其纹型的方向必是相反的方向。