42例飞行员血液流变特性的改变

为了解飞行条件下血液流变特性的变化规律,我们对三种机型的42例健康男性飞行员的全血、血浆粘度、红细胞压积等指标进行了测量。采用NXE-1型锥板式粘度计,测量11.25～225s~(-1)共6个切变率下的全血粘度及225s~(-1)切变率下的血浆粘度,测量温度均为25℃。红细胞聚集指数、变形指数、内粘度及血液的屈服应力等     

急性肺炎患者血液流变性分析

目的 :探讨急性肺炎患者血液流变性变化。方法 :检测 32例急性肺炎患者全血粘度、血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞变形指数和红细胞聚集指数 ,并与 38例健康对照组比较。结果 :急性肺炎患者全血粘度 ,血浆粘度 ,纤维蛋白原含量和红细胞聚集指数明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而红细胞变形指数明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :本组结果提示急性肺炎患者血液处于高粘状态。     

急性心肌缺血时红细胞变形性的变化及其机理

本实验观察了犬急性心肌缺血时体循环血与缺血区局部静脉血中红细胞变形性（ＲＣＤ）的变化。结果表明，阻断冠脉血流后高切变率下全血粘度（ηｂｈ）和红细胞刚性指数（ＥＲＩ）明显增高，而缺血区局部血液中此二者的变化明显大于体循环静脉血。事先切断内脏大神经，可使阻断冠脉后体循环血（而不是局部静脉血）的ηｂｈ和ＥＲＩ变化基本消失。缺血区局部血液ｐｈ和ｐＯ２明显降低，ｐＣＯ２明显增高，红细胞内ＡＴＰ含量减少和钙含     

高速投射物伤伤后血液流变性的变化特点及意义

探讨压力波对血液流变性的影响。方法：将实验犬２４只随机分为二组：一组以５．５６ｍｍ军用弹致伤犬的双后肢;另一组伤前暂时结扎犬双后肢股动静脉,以阻断致伤时压力波传播,伤后立即去除结扎。二组伤前、伤后０．５、２、６和１０ｈ分别采静脉血,用锥板粘度法测全血粘度并计算红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数和红细胞聚集指数。结果：伤后二组动物全血低切粘度（３．８４Ｓ－１）、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数较伤前明显升高;伤后６ｈ内红细胞变形指数较伤前明显下降。结扎组变化程度明显小手致伤组。结论：高速投射物伤时,血液流变性发生了明显变化,可能与致伤时压力波沿血管传播有关。     

脾切除对血液流变学的影响

本文观察38例脾切除患者血液流变学的变化。结果显示：与对照组相比较全血及血浆粘度显著提高，红细胞变形能力明显减低，血小板数明显增加。提示脾切除后不仅有血液粘度的变化，而且有血小板和红细胞功能异常。本文对其临床意义进行了讨论。     

四氯化碳大鼠肝硬化形成早期的血液流变学改变

目的：探查大鼠四氯化碳肝硬化形成早期红细胞变形指数、全血粘度等多项血液流变学指数的变化。方法：将Wismr大鼠随机分组，肝组织HE和天狼猩红染色，下腔静脉取血检测红细胞变形指数、全血粘度等血液流变学参数。结果：肝硬化7w鼠的肝组织中有大量胶原纤维增生并开始形成假小叶。对照组和肝硬化组间红细胞数和全血粘度的差异不明显；实验4～5w后，肝硬化组的红细胞变形指数、血浆纤维蛋白原和红细胞血红蛋白含量明显较对照组降低。结论：四氯化碳大鼠肝硬化模型的红细胞变形指数等多项血液流变学参数在第5w后出现明显异常，比形态学上出现典型肝硬化表现约提前了2～3w时间，为临床肝硬化的早期诊断治疗提供了实验依据。     

青紫型先天性心脏病红细胞膜流动性变化及与血液流变性的关系

应用荧光偏振法测定31例青紫型先天性心脏病患儿红细胞膜微粘度及血液流变学指标。发现息儿红细胞膜微粘度、全血粘度、红细胞比积、红细胞聚集指数及刚性指数均显著高于正常组(P<0.01);膜微粘度与全血粘度、红细胞刚性指数呈明显正相关(P<0.01)。研究表明,青紫型先天性心脏病红细胞膜微粘度增加、流动性降低,可能是引起红细胞变形性差、血液粘度增高的主要原因之一。     

非离子型造影剂对CT受检者血液流变学指标的影响

目的:观察CT增强注射非离子型造影剂碘海醇(欧乃派克)后受检者全血表观粘度等血液流变学指标的变化情况.方法:57例行CT增强扫描者,于注射碘海醇造影前、造影后0.5h及和24h采集静脉血,检测其全血表观粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数和红细胞聚集指数,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果:注射造影剂0.5h后,无论切...     

小儿紫绀型先天性心脏病血浆MDA和血液流变学变化

测定３５例青紫型先天性心脏病患儿红细胞、血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、红细胞膜微粘度及血液流变学指标。结果患儿红细胞、血浆ＭＤＡ、膜微粘度、全血粘度、经细胞比积、红细胞聚集指数、刚性指数均显著高于正常组；ＭＤＡ含量，膜微粘度、红细胞刚性指数、聚集指数及全血粘度之间均存在正相关关系。提示患儿红细胞脂质过氧化反应增强，导致膜流动性降低、红细胞变形性差，聚集性增加，可能是血液粘度增加较为主要的原因。     

通脉促活胶囊对兔红细胞流变性作用的实验研究

目的观察通脉促活胶囊对兔实验性高粘滞血症的红细胞流变性的作用。方法用高分子右旋糖苷对兔造成高粘滞血症，即血瘀证动物模型，通过对动物血液粘度和红细胞流变性指标的检测，观察通脉促活胶囊的药理作用。结果通脉促活胶囊具有降低血液粘度、降低红细胞聚集指数和提高红细胞变形能力的作用、给药后，红细胞聚集指数为１４．２９±５．０６％，红细胞变形指数为４５．５８±６．４１％，和生理盐水对照组比较有显著差异（Ｐ<０．０１）。结论通脉促活胶囊具有降低兔血液粘度，增加细胞流动性，改善红细胞流变性的作用，具有预防和治疗作用。     

Kreislaufstörungen der Milz

Splenic vascular disturbances mainly affect the red pulp and can involve the venous or arterial blood flow. The venous blood flow may be impaired by congestion and morphologically shows dilated splenic sinuses. Disturbances of the arterial blood flow may occur in connection with anomalies of the erythrocyte membrane or in immune haemolysis and usually are characterized by narrow splenic sinuses. Infarction of the spleen is usually caused by arterial embolism.     

Lymphocyte counts and functions in arterial and venous splenic blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Evidence for elimination of spontaneously DNA synthesizing cells in the spleen.

Lymphocyte counts and functional competence of lymphocytes from arterial and venous splenic blood were studied in six patients with Hodgkin's disease subjected to splenectomy. One patient was untreated, four were tested after mantle field treatment and a sixth patient had a splenic relapse after total nodal radiotherapy. The percentage of E binding cells in splenic venous blood was lower than that of arterial blood though no significant differences were found in total lymphocyte or E binding cell counts. The spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was lower in venous than in arterial splenic lymphocytes in all patients. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced DNA synthesis was much lower in lymphocytes from splenic venous blood than in those from arterial blood in two patients and marginally decreased in another two. The pattern of concanavalin A response was similar to that of PWM. The elimination of lymphocytes over the spleen could not be related to the presence of lymphocytotoxic serum factors or to splenic weight or histologically verified tumour involvement. The results support the notion that some facets of the blood lymphocyte abnormalities in Hodgkin's disease may be explained by removal of functionally active lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen. It is also concluded that spontaneously activated lymphoid cells are detained in the spleen.     

Neuropeptide Y and differential sympathetic control of splenic blood flow and capacitance function in the pig and dog

The roles of different mediators in the sympathetic regulation of the pig and dog spleens were investigated using a preparation with intact vascular perfusion in vivo. Sympathetic nerve stimulation caused overflow of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and noradrenaline (NA), arterial vasoconstriction, increase in venous blood flow and haematocrit. The dog spleen responded to single impulse stimulation, whereas more prolonged stimulation was required to elicit vascular responses in the pig spleen. Furthermore, the maximal splenic capacitance response was about 10 times larger in the dog than in the pig. After depletion of neuronal NA content by reserpine combined with preganglionic denervation, about 70% of the splenic arterial vasoconstrictor responses in the dog and pig still remained at 5 Hz stimulation. Fifty per cent of the capacitance response evoked by nerve stimulation still remained in the pig while in the dog spleen the capacitance response was virtually abolished after reserpine. The stimulation-evoked overflow of NPY-LI in pig spleen was increased several fold after reserpine treatment as compared to controls reaching levels in the venous effluent where exogenous NPY evokes vasoconstriction. In the dog spleen, overflow of NPY-LI was only observed after reserpine. Administration of NA caused arterial vasoconstriction with an initial increase in venous blood flow while NPY mainly reduced arterial blood flow. It is concluded that NA is involved in both the splenic arterial vasoconstriction and the capacitance responses while a non-adrenergic splenic vasoconstriction at least in the pig may be mediated by NPY.     

Lipid profile and the deformability of the erythrocytes in athletes

Correlations between rheological properties of blood (viscosity, spheric index, erythrocyte surface area/erythrocyte volume) and lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDLP, LDLP, VLDLP cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-LP) were studied in 24 athletes aged 19-29 years. It is shown that athletes with a low atherogenic index (AI < 2.15) had lower viscosity of blood with standard hematocrit 45% and higher erythrocyte deformability compared to those in athletes with AI > 2.15. The correlation analysis detected positive correlation of erythrocyte suspension viscosity with AI, serum concentrations of triglycerides, beta-LP and negative correlation with concentrations of HDLP cholesterol. The value of the geometric factor of deformability correlated with concentration of VLDLP cholesterol and beta-LP. It is suggested that a close correlation exists between serum lipids and erythrocyte deformability.     

红细胞聚集增高与纤维蛋白原的关系及其对心绞痛患者发病的影响

目的 :探讨红细胞聚集改变与纤维蛋白原的关系及其对心绞痛发病的影响。方法 :测定 80例不稳定性心绞痛患者和 40例健康人的红细胞聚集指数 (光密度法 )、红细胞变形指数 (激光衍射法 )、血浆及全血粘度 (旋转式粘度计 )和纤维蛋白原 (双缩脲法 )。结果 :不稳定性心绞痛患者红细胞聚集指数和全血粘度 ( 4 0s- 1 )及纤维蛋白原浓度均高于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ) ,且红细胞聚集指数与纤维蛋白原呈直线正相关 ,与全血粘度 ( 4 0s- 1 )无相关性。结论 :纤维蛋白原含量增加是红细胞聚集增强的主要原因之一 ;红细胞聚集能力增强导致血液高粘滞 ,与心绞痛发作有关 ;选择 10s- 1 以下切变率测定低切全血粘度 ,利于观察全血粘度与红细胞聚集的关系     

Mechanisms of fibrinogen-induced microvascular dysfunction during cardiovascular disease

Fibrinogen (Fg) is a high molecular weight plasma adhesion protein and a biomarker of inflammation. Many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders are accompanied by increased blood content of Fg. Increased levels of Fg result in changes in blood rheological properties such as increases in plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, platelet thrombogenesis, alterations in vascular reactivity and compromises in endothelial layer integrity. These alterations exacerbate the complications in peripheral blood circulation during cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and stroke. In addition to affecting blood viscosity by altering plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, growing experimental evidence suggests that Fg alters vascular reactivity and impairs endothelial cell layer integrity by binding to its endothelial cell membrane receptors and activating signalling mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to discuss experimental data, which demonstrate the effects of Fg causing vascular dysfunction and to offer possible mechanisms for these effects, which could exacerbate microcirculatory complications during cardiovascular diseases accompanied by increased Fg content.     

Effect of in vitro carbamylation of erythrocytes on their rheological properties

In order to assess the role of carbamylation of erythrocyte proteins in the modification of rheological parameters of red blood cells observed in uremic patients, and in vitro carbamylation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was carried out using sodium cyanate. The carbamylation of hemoglobin was determined by observation of the increase of HbA1 fraction. The deformability of erythrocytes and the viscosity of erythrocyte suspensions and of hemolysate were measured. The results showed an increase in the deformability of red blood cells and a decrease in the viscosity of hemoglobin as the carbamylation increased. This is attributed to a decrease of hemoglobin viscosity and to a modification of the electric charge of the membrane. These results show that the reduced erythrocyte deformability observed in patients with renal failure is not due to erythrocyte protein carbamylation.     

脾动脉流量和脾静脉压力的变化对脾脏储存血液和红细胞的影响

根据脾循环的特点,提出了脾循环的流动模型,应用该模型,从理论上探讨了增加脾动脉流量和升高脾静脉压力对脾脏储存血液和红细胞的影响。分析表明：当脾动脉流量增加或脾静脉压力升高时,脾的体积增大、脾内血球比积增加、储存的红细胞增多。为了验证理论分析的正确性,对离体的狗脾脏进行了增加脾动脉流量和升高脾静脉压力的实验研究,实验结果同理论分析相一致。     

奥扎格雷钠注射液对短暂性脑缺血发作患者血液流变性和微循环的影响

目的:观察奥扎格雷钠注射液对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者异常血液流变性和甲襞微循环的影响。方法:奥扎格雷钠80mg加入5%葡萄糖液250ml中静脉滴注,每天2次,疗程15天。患者于治疗前后分别检测血液流变学指标及综合定量评价甲襞微血管形态、微血流流态,并与川芎嗪注射液治疗组对比分析。结果:TIA患者治疗前全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积及红细胞聚集指数明显增高,甲襞微循环形态异常,红细胞聚集,出现粒缓流。经两种药物治疗后,上述指标有不同程度改善,尤以奥扎格雷治疗组改善明显,与治疗前比较,差异有显著性意义。结论:奥扎格雷钠注射液能明显改善TIA患者血液流变性异常和微循环障碍,且效果优于川芎嗪注射液。     

糖肾方对糖尿病肾病大鼠血液流变学及内皮细胞功能的影响

目的:观察糖肾方对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠血液流变学及内皮功能的影响。方法:采用高脂高糖饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导建立2型糖尿病合并DN大鼠模型,将建模成功大鼠随机分为DN模型组、糖肾方组和缬沙坦组,同时设正常对照组。药物干预12周后,全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平;微循环血流仪检测肾微循环变化;血液流变仪检测血液流变学指标;ELISA技术检测尿白蛋白以及血清假血友病因子(v WF)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)含量。结果:与正常对照组比较,DN模型组大鼠FBG、血清TC、TG和尿白蛋白明显升高(P0.05),血清v WF浓度升高(P0.01);与DN模型组比较,糖肾方组和缬沙坦组的FBG差异无统计学显著性,血清TC、TG和尿白蛋白明显降低(P0.05),v WF降低(P0.01)。与正常对照组比较,DN模型组的血浆黏度,卡松黏度,全血高切、中切黏度,红细胞聚集指数,刚性指数及电泳时间均显著升高,红细胞变形指数降低(P0.01)。与DN模型组比较,治疗组的血浆黏度,卡松黏度,全血高切、中切和低切黏度,红细胞聚集指数,刚性指数及电泳时间均明显降低(P0.01),红细胞变形指数升高,但无显著性差异。与正常对照组比较,DN模型组的肾皮质微循环血流量减少(P0.01)。与DN模型组比较,糖肾方组的肾皮质微循环明显增加(P0.05),缬沙坦组无明显改变。结论:糖肾方能降低实验性DN大鼠的血脂水平,改善血液流变性和内皮功能,从而改善微循环,对糖尿病肾脏具有一定的保护作用。