河南省高校研究生精神信仰状况

目的研究河南省高校研究生信仰现状的特点及模式,为研究生信仰教育提供依据和参考。方法采用大学生精神信仰问卷对河南省3所综合性高校1023名不同年级和专业研究生整群抽样调查,应用SPSS17.0软件,统计学方法采用重复测量方差分析和多元方差分析。结果①总体状况表现为社会信仰得分最高,其次为实用信仰,超自然信仰最低;9个二级维度得分从高到低依次为民族主义、生命崇拜、国家主义、家庭主义、政治信仰、家族崇拜、宗教信仰、金钱崇拜和神灵崇拜,其差异有显著性;②男生家族崇拜和金钱崇拜的程度高于女生(F=9.167,33.997;P0.01),而女生的生命崇拜程度高于男生(F=7.634,P0.01);女生的社会信仰程度高于男生,具体表现为女生民族主义和国家主义的得分高于男生(F=15.851,6.195;P0.01);③研一的社会信仰显著高于研二,二级维度得分比较显示研一、研三的民族主义显著高于研二,研一的政治信仰显著高于研二;研二、研三的金钱崇拜显著高于研一;④文科生的政治信仰显著高于医学生(F=4.783,P0.01)。结论研究生精神信仰一级维度中社会信仰占优势,其次为实用信仰,超自然信仰;二级维度排名前三位的是民族主义、生命崇拜和国家主义。研究生精神信仰在性别、年级、专业方面存在显著差异。     

西藏高校大学生精神信仰与主观幸福感的特点及关系

目的:了解西藏高校大学生精神信仰与主观幸福感的特点,探讨精神信仰对主观幸福感的影响,为德育工作提供参考。方法:采用大学生精神信仰问卷和主观幸福感问卷对西藏3所高校269名大学生进行调查分析。结果:西藏高校大学生精神信仰的3个一级因子均值由高到低依次为社会信仰(4.22±0.51)、实用信仰(3.96±0.47)、超自然信仰(3.65±0.73),汉族大学生在国家主义(t=2.984,P0.01)、家族崇拜(t=3.442,P0.01)上的得分均显著高于藏族大学生,藏族大学生在宗教信仰(t=7.934,P0.001)、神灵崇拜(t=5.713,P0.001)、生命信仰(t=3.871,P0.01)上的得分均显著高于汉族大学生,在神灵崇拜上女生得分显著高于男生(t=3.058,P0.01);在生活满意度上,藏族大学生得分显著高于汉族大学生(t=4.460,P0.01),女生得分显著高于男生(t=3.083,P0.01);宗教信仰对生活满意度有显著的正向预测作用;神灵崇拜对消极情感有显著的正向预测作用,家族崇拜对消极情感有显著的负向预测作用。结论:西藏高校大学生具有良好的精神信仰和较高的主观幸福感,精神信仰对主观幸福感具有一定的预测作用。     

中学生生活满意度的城乡差异

目的:比较城乡中学生生活满意度的差异。方法:运用《多维学生生活满意度量表-中文版》(MSLSS-CV)对1152名城市和农村中学生的生活满意度进行测查。结果:(1)城市学生在所有维度的满意度均高于农村学生(均值差范围为0．2-0．4,如,城乡学生家庭满意度均分分别为4．6±1．0、4．2±1．0,均值差=0．4;城乡学生自我满意度均分分别为4．6±0．7、4．4±0．7,均值差=0．2),差异有统计学意义。(2)城市中学生各维度满意度的均值排列顺序由高到低依次为:家庭、自我、朋友、学校、生活环境;农村中学生在各维度满意度的均值排列顺序由高到低依次为:自我、家庭、朋友、学校、生活环境。(3)城乡差异对各维度满意度和一般生活满意度的解释率均高于人缘因素,分别为5％、10％、4％、6％、17％、11％。结论:中学生生活满意度存在城乡差异。     

维吾尔族中学生多维生活满意度现状

目的:考察维吾尔族中学生生活满意度的现状与特点。方法:采用问卷调查法对326名维吾尔族中学生的生活满意度进行测量。结果:(1)维吾尔族中学生在五个生活领域的满意度均值排列顺序由高到低依次为家庭、自我、学校、朋友、生活环境(5.3/4.7/4.5/4.4/4.2);(2)女生的家庭满意度高于男生(5.4±0.6/5.0±0.8,F=15.75,P<0.001);(3)初一学生的朋友、学校和生活环境的满意度最高(4.8±0.6/4.9±0.5/4.5±0.6),初三和高一学生的朋友和自我满意度最低(4.0±0.7/4.0±0.6,4.3±1.0/4.3±0.8),高一和高三年级学生的学校满意度最低(4.2±0.6/4.2±0.7);(4)学习成绩为中等和上等的学生生活满意度各维度评分都高于成绩下等的学生(如家庭维度评分分别为中:5.5±0.5,上:5.3±0.6,下:4.4±0.9,F=8.74~23.99,P均<0.001);(5)学生干部的学校和自我满意度高于非学生干部(4.6±0.7/4.4±0.7,F=9.89,P<0.01;4.8±0.8/4.5±0.7,F=10.45,P<0.01)。结论:维吾尔族中学生在不同生活领域的满意度不同,不同年级、学习成绩、是否学生干部中学生的生活满意度存在差异。     

哈尼族中学生学校适应及其与民族文化认同的关系

目的考察哈尼族中学生的学校适应状况及民族文化认同的关系。方法采用自编哈尼族青少年学生文化认同问卷和学校适应行为问卷对621名哈尼族中学生施测。结果 1哈尼族中学生的学校适应处于中等以上水平,不同家庭住地(F=3.20,P0.05)、年级(χ2=51.10,P0.001)哈尼族中学生的学校适应水平差异均具有统计学意义,农村学生的学业适应得分高于乡镇学生(P0.05);县城学生的情绪管理、人际沟通得分均高于乡村学生(P0.01,P0.01);乡镇学生的总问卷分值显著低于县城和农村学生(P均0.05);2数据点折线图显示,哈尼族中学生学校适应问卷总均分及5个维度得分,随年级递升呈曲折变化趋势,有升有降;3哈尼族中学生的学校适应与民族文化认同有关,受民族接纳、社会俗约因素的影响,分别具有正向和负向预测效应(P均0.001)。结论哈尼族中学生学校适应受家庭住地、年级的影响,不同维度呈非平衡性发展特点,与民族文化认同存在关联性。     

广州市中学生学习动机的特点及影响因素

目的探讨中学生学习动机的特点和影响。方法随机抽取广州市1197名中学生，使用改编的动机量表，结果①总体上，中学生学习动机水平较高，从各动机因素来看，随着中学生年级的升高，各动机因素得分呈下降趋势；②省市重点中学的学生在各动机因素上的得分明显高于区重点和非重点中学学生的得分；③母亲受教育水平对其子女学习动机的影响范围要大于父亲受教育水平对其子女的影响；④家庭经济状况和是否是独生子女对创造力和一般兴趣有显著影响。结论年级、学校类型、父母受教育水平、家庭经济状况和是否是独生子女都对中学生的学习动机有影响，但对各动机因子的影响力不同。     

中学生主观幸福感相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响中学生主观幸福感的因素。方法:采用青少年主观幸福感量表对929名中学生进行测查。结果:(1)中学生的生活满意度得分介于3-5分(满分7分),友谊满意度得分最高(5.36±0.89)、学业满意度得分最低(3.52±1.11),积极情感分高于消极情感分(3.76±1.33,2.53±0.85)。(2)初中生、重点中学学生在友谊、家庭、学校及环境满意度维度得分分别高于高中生、普通中学生(P<0.01),男生的友谊满意度得分于高于女生(5.16±0.93/5.02±1.24,t=1.95;P<0.01),但女生的家庭满意度、环境满意度、自由满意度得分高于男生(5.27±1.19/5.02±1.24,t=3.17,4.73±0.93/4.44±0.97,t=4.59,4.81±1.45/4.59±1.2,t=4.59,P<0.01),中学生的生活满意度随父母受教育程度增高有增高趋势。和睦家庭学生的主观幸福感好于争吵家庭,回归分析显示家庭气氛、年级、家庭收入、性别进入回归方程(标准化回归系数分别为:-0.36、-0.25、0.14、0.125)。结论:家庭气氛、年级(初、高中)、家庭收入、性别对于中学生主观幸福感具有影响作用。     

藏族中学生应激性生活事件调查研究

目的通过调查，分析拉萨藏族中学生的心理压力源。方法本文采用青少年生活事件量表进行调查。结果①在藏族中学生应激性生活事件中学习压力因子和人际关系因子的发生频率最高，学习压力因子和丧失因子上的生活事件给藏族学生带来较大影响。②初一年级藏族学生在受惩罚和丧失因子上的得分要高于其他年级的藏族学生，高三藏族学生的学习压力因子得分要高于其他年级的藏族学生。③在受惩罚和其他因子上的得分藏族男生要显著高于女生。④来自城市的和来自农区的藏族学生在生活事件上的差异体现在受惩罚和丧失因子上，并且藏族男生的得分显著高于女生。结论藏族中学生的心理压力源存在看结构性差异，在心理教育与辅导上应注意类别差异和个别差异。     

广西壮族自治区青少年物质主义价值观现状及其与同伴关系的关系研究

本研究通过对三所学校的四到九年级907名学生进行问卷调查,探讨广西民族地区青少年的物质主义价值观现状及其与同伴关系质量的关系。结果表明:①青少年物质主义价值观总体处于中等偏下水平,他们最看重财富的拥有,其次是将物质财富视为幸福,最后是将财富拥有视为成功。②青少年的物质主义价值观、"将物质财富视为幸福""将财富拥有视为成功"在年级上差异有统计学意义,青少年在"看重财富拥有"上无显著的年级差异。青少年物质主义价值观及3个维度在性别、家庭类型上差异无统计学意义。③青少年所持物质主义价值观水平与同伴的正提名无显著相关关系,与同伴的负提名呈正相关;青少年的物质主义价值观及其3个维度在同伴类型上差异有统计学意义。被拒绝型学生的物质主义价值观高于其他类型的学生;受欢迎型学生在"看重财富拥有"得分高于被忽视型学生。这一结果为学校通过价值观教育改善学生的同伴关系提供了参考。     

福建省中等职业学生宗教信仰调查研究

本文采用《福建省中等职业生精神信仰问卷》对福建省中等职业学校1338名中等职业学生进行调查,揭示了福建省中等职业学生宗教信仰的特点:大部分中等职业学生并没有对宗教信仰持非常肯定的态度,但相当一部分学生对宗教表现出一定的兴趣和不确定性。不同性别的中等职业学生在宗教信仰方面差异无统计学意义,但女生比男生有更高的宗教信仰。不同年级的中等职业学生在宗教信仰方面差异有统计学意义,随年级升高而升高。     

Studien zur humoralen Regulation des erythropoetischen Proliferationsspeichers beim Menschen

Zusammenfassung Die Beeinflussung der Erythroblasten-Proliferation durch das Mikromilieu wurde in vitro mittels Auswertung durch Differential- und Mitosezählungen und Signifikanzberechnung vieler Versuchsreihen auch unter verschiedenen pathologischen Bedingungen getestet.Sowohl die Mitosehäufigkeit wie die Ausreifung waren positiv mit dem Erythropoetingehalt des Medium korreliert. Der Effekt wurde durch Folsäure, Ätiocholanolon und cAMP verstärkt. Cobalt stimulierte ebenso wie Testosteron und Methenolon in vitro unabhängig von der Erythropoetinkonzentration im Medium die Erythroblastenproliferation. Ein vermindertes Eisenangebot störte die endgültige Ausreifung der Erythroblasten zu Retikulozyten und bewirkte dadurch eine Ineffektivität der Erythorpoese. Anhaltspunkte für ein Erythrozyten-Chalon oder einen Erythropoetinhemmkörper ließen sich aus unserem Versuchsansatz nicht gewinnen, weil er die Transformation der pluripotenten in die erythropoetin-sensible Stammzelle nicht einschließt. Als Nebenbefund ergab sich eine Stimulation des granulozytopoetischen Proliferationsspeichers durch Serumzusatz zum Medium von Patienten nach akutem Blutverlust und bei Polycythämia vera.Unterstützt durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

HLA study in Amerindian Bolivia La Paz Aymaras

Aymara people has been a relatively homogeneous group since Spanish Conquest by 1,532 CE, even if previously represented a group of various cultural defined populations who gave rise to them. They were and are established in Andean Altiplano around Titikaka Lake (Bolivia, Peru), Argentina and Chile neighborhood, speak Aymara language and have been maintained after Europeans arrival at a lower social status than Quechua (Inca) speaking people. However, both Aymara and Quechua populations acknowledge Titikaka Lake as center of their origins; both languages are also related. Specific high frequencies of HLA-A*02, -A*24 and -A*68, HLA-B*35, -B*39 and -B*48, HLA-DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*09:01, and -DRB1*14:02, and HLA-DQB1*04:02, -DQB1*03:02 and -DQB1*03:01 alleles are found in Aymaras and HLA class II haplotypes common to Andean Amerindians (DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02 and DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02), like Quechua, Aymara, Uros, Lamas and Mapuche are also found in Easter and other Pacific Islands. Giant human head stone statues at Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) are also found at Easter Island. Thus, it is possible a gene and cultural flow between Andean Amerindians and Easter and other Pacific Islands, as it was demonstrated by Thor Heyerdahl in his Kon-Tiki expedition which reached Pacific Islands sailing from El Callao Harbour (Lima, Peru).     

Lipid composition of metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis and lipid changes during growth

A lipid analysis was performed on developing metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis removed from the livers of rats at times varying from 3 to 35 weeks post infection. Lipid accounted for 7–21% of the dry weight of the parasites. The highest proportions were found at the earlier stages. The distribution was as follows; neutral lipid 27–45%; glycolipid 5–11%; and phospholipid 50–61%. The major neutral lipid was cholesterol, and minor neutral lipids were sterol esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. Hydrocarbons were present throughout development, but in the highest amounts at the earlier stages. Five different glycolipids were found, all of which were identified as glycosphingolipids. An increase in the proportion of more complex glycolipids was noted as parasites grew older. Ten different phospholipids were identified, with the major components being phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Other phospholipids were: lysophosphatides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and an unknown phospholipid component. Changes in the relative amounts of the two major phospholipids were found when the early and late stages were compared. Two lipids found throughout development were identified as glycosylated dolichol phosphates, and they comprised between 1 and 3% of the total phospholipid fraction. Nineteen fatty acids were detected, and the fatty acid distribution for each lipid class at each stage was determined. Seven major fatty acids were common to each. These were: hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosanoic, and docosahexaenoic.     

Simple Serological Assays for Detecting Rice Tungro Viruses

An attempt was made to produce sensitive and specific polyclonal antisera against the viruses causing rice tungro disease, and to assess their potential for use in simple diagnostic tests. Using a multiple, sequential injection procedure, seven batches of polyclonal antisera against rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) were produced. These were characterized for their sensitivity and specificity using ring-interface precipitin test and double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA. Thirty-one weeks after the first immunization, antiserum batch B6b for RTBV showed the highest ring interface titer (DEP = 1:1920). For RTSV, batches S3, S4b and S5b all had similar titres (DEP = 1:640). In DAS-ELISA, however, significant differences among purified antisera (IgG) batches were observed only at IgG dilution of 10^-3. At that dilution, IgGB4b showed the greatest sensitivity, while IgGS3 showed greatest sensitivity for RTSV. When all IgG batches were tested against 11 tungro field isolates (dual RTBV-RTSV infections) at sample dilution of 1:10, IgGB4b and IgGB6b for RTBV and IgGS3 and IgGS6b for RTSV performed equally well. However, after cross adsorption with healthy plant extracts in a specially prepared healthy plant-Sepharose affinity column, only IgGB6b could be used specifically to detect RTBV in a simple tissue-print assay.     

Is it worthy to take full-course immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis? About efficacy biomarker of allergen immunotherapy

Nowadays, people pay more attention to biomarkers that can predict clinical efficacy of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. As the only recognized aetiological treatment, the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been proved by many studies. However, treatment success depends on compliance and persistence greatly, which can be impaired by the lengthy duration of AIT and socioeconomic status of patients. Besides, ineffectiveness is another factor that accounts for non-adherence. If the clinical efficacy can be predicted in the early stage of immunotherapy, it can help patients choose appropriate treatment plans, increase patient compliance and optimize the allocation of medical resources. This paper mainly focuses on five candidate biomarkers, the sIgE/tIgE ratio before treatment, serum inhibitory activity for IgE, decreased basophil activation, upregulation of Tregs and tolerogenic DCs, reviews the time when potential biomarkers can predict or monitor the efficacy of AIT, discusses the reason why these indicators could serve as efficacy biomarkers and interactions among potential biomarkers.     

Neurotransmitter signaling pathways required for normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos: a pharmacological survey screen

Neurotransmitters are not only involved in brain function but are also important signaling molecules for many diverse cell types. Neurotransmitters are widely conserved, from evolutionarily ancient organisms lacking nervous systems through man. Here, results are reported from a loss‐ and gain‐of‐function survey, using pharmacological modulators of several neurotransmitter pathways to examine possible roles for these pathways in normal embryogenesis. Applying reagents targeting the glutamatergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways to embryos of Xenopus laevis from gastrulation to organogenesis stages, we observed and quantified numerous malformations, including craniofacial defects, hyperpigmentation, muscle mispatterning and miscoiling of the gut. These data implicate several key neurotransmitters in new embryonic patterning roles, reveal novel earlier stages for processes involved in eye development, suggest new targets for subsequent molecular‐genetic investigation, and highlight the necessity for in‐depth toxicology studies of psychoactive compounds to which human embryos might be exposed during pregnancy.     

Uncombable Hair (cheveux incoiffables, pili trianguli et canaliculi) Syndrome: Brief Review and Role of Scanning Electron Microscopy in Diagnosis

Uncombable hair syndrome was first described some 3 decades ago as "cheveux incoiffables" and is also known as spun-glass hair and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Both inherited (autosomal dominant and recessive with variable levels of penetrance) and sporadic forms of uncombable hair syndrome have been described, both being characterized by scalp hair that is impossible to comb due to the haphazard arrangement of the hair bundles. A characteristic morphologic feature of hair in this syndrome is a triangular to reniform to heart shape on cross-sections, and a groove, canal or flattening along the entire length of the hair in at least 50%of hairs examined by scanning electron microscopy. Most individuals are affected early in childhood and the hair takeson a spun-glassappearance with the hair becoming dry, curly, glossy, lighter in color, and progressively uncombable. Only the scalp hair is affected. Several conditions are associated with uncombable hair, such as ectodermal dysplasia, retinal dysplasia/ pigmentary dystrophy, juvenile cataract, digit abnormalities, tooth enamel anomalies, oligodontia, and phalangoepiphyseal dysplasia. Other syndromes with hair abnormalities may also mimic uncombable hair syndrome clinically and these include, Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia; loose anagen hair syndrome; ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodatyly, cleft lip/ palate (EEC) syndrome; and familial tricho-odonto-onchyial ectodermal dysplasia with syndactyly. Unlike other conditions with an uncombable hair component, uncombable hair syndrome alone (cheveux incoiffables, pili trianguli etcanaliculi) is not associated with physical, neurologic, or mental abnormalities. In most cases of uncombable hair syndrome, the hair is grossly abnormal in infancy and early childhood, but may have improved manageability later in life. Scanning electron microscopy of hair samples provides definitive evidence for diagnosis of clinically suspected uncombable hair syndrome and eliminates other hair abnormalities from the differential diagnosis.     

A comparative study of cholinergic systems of the neocortex and hippocampus in rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia

Synaptic structures in the neocortex and hippocampus of the intact brain were compared between rats with low and high resistance to hypobaric hypoxia. Activities of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, Na,K-ATPase, and the portion of protein in the light and heavy synaptosome fractions and subfractions were measured. A discrepancy in cholinergic metabolism molecular mechanisms between high and low resistance animals have been found in the heavy somatosoma fraction from the neocortex. Activities of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and Na,K-ATPase in the synaptolemmal subfraction of low resistant rats were much lower than in high resistant rats. This implies a less effective synaptic transmission in proper cholinergic neurons in the low resistance animals and, therefore, specifically changed neuron functioning in the circulation control. No differences in the cholinergic components of either neocortical light synaptosome fraction or hippocampal light and heavy synaptosome fractions were found between low and high resistance rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 5, pp. 521–525, May, 1998     

BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of cow's milk allergy

This guideline advises on the management of patients with cow's milk allergy. Cow's milk allergy presents in the first year of life with estimated population prevalence between 2% and 3%. The clinical manifestations of cow's milk allergy are very variable in type and severity making it the most difficult food allergy to diagnose. A careful age‐ and disease‐specific history with relevant allergy tests including detection of milk‐specific IgE (by skin prick test or serum assay), diagnostic elimination diet, and oral challenge will aid in diagnosis in most cases. Treatment is advice on cow's milk avoidance and suitable substitute milks. Cow's milk allergy often resolves. Reintroduction can be achieved by the graded exposure, either at home or supervised in hospital depending on severity, using a milk ladder. Where cow's milk allergy persists, novel treatment options may include oral tolerance induction, although most authors do not currently recommend it for routine clinical practice. Cow's milk allergy must be distinguished from primary lactose intolerance. This guideline was prepared by the Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) and is intended for clinicians in secondary and tertiary care. The recommendations are evidence based, but where evidence is lacking the panel of experts in the committee reached consensus. Grades of recommendation are shown throughout. The document encompasses epidemiology, natural history, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment.