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1.
全国14个省市协作研究“儿童学习困难的原因分析”。采用统一工具,统一方法,统一标准,统一数据处理。样本来自学习困难专科咨询门诊3084名儿童,对照组来自各校学习成绩优良的2200名儿童。研究结果表明,专科咨询门诊中儿童学习困难检出率为51.1%,学习困难儿童有精神卫生问题者占87.8%。儿童学习困难与家庭环境不佳,父母教育方式不当有关,提示注意改善环境,改变教育方法,提高父母的素质至关重要。  相似文献   

2.
儿童对立违抗性障碍的危险因素   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:探讨儿童对立违抗性障碍(Oppositionaldefiantdisorder,ODD)的有关危险因素及有效的预防干预措施。方法:在长沙市某小学416名全体在校学生中,以DSM-Ⅳ中的ODD诊断标准进行筛查。对其中34名ODD患儿和34名正常对照组儿童父母受教育程度、职业及卡特尔十六种人格测验(16PF)结果进行分析,入组儿童进行瑞文(CRT)智力测查。结果:父母受教育程度越高子女ODD的检出率越低。父亲受教育程度为“大学,高中,初中/小学”者,子女ODD的检出率分别为:6.6%,7.2%,12.0%。母亲受教育程度为“大学,高中,初中/小学”者,子女ODD的检出率分别为:5.3%,7.5%,10.6%。子女ODD的检出率与父母受教育程度负相关(r=-0.956,P<0.01)。父、母亲职业为“个体”者,子女ODD的检出率最高,分别为16.7%、16.5%,(χ2=12.67~12.68,P<0.01)。卡特尔十六种人格测验中,ODD儿童母亲怀疑性(5.1±1.4)及紧张性(5.1±1.3)分量表得分高于对照组儿童母亲(4.2±1.7)及(4.4±1.5),差异有统计学意义(t=2.06~2.29,P<0.05)。结论:父母受教育程度高及中高职业层次可能是儿童ODD的保护因素;父母人格方面的缺陷可能是儿童发生ODD的危险因素。  相似文献   

3.
学习困难和多动儿童父母个性特点的初步探讨   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用明尼苏达个性测查表(MMPI)中国版,对学习困难儿童73名父母、多动症儿童的94名父母及同校学习成绩优秀儿童的78名父母进行了个性调查。结果提示,学习困难和多动症儿童的母亲在疑病、抑郁、癔病分量表得分高于对照组母亲,多动组儿童母亲在社会责任感分量表得分低于对照组,父亲社会内向分、依赖分和焦虑分明显高于对照组。而父亲的支配性评分明显低于对照组,学习困难和多动症儿童的母亲有个性偏离者明显多于对照组,主要为类神经症性个性偏离。  相似文献   

4.
南阳市学龄儿童感觉统合失调的调查研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 为了探讨南阳市学龄儿童感觉统合失调的分布特点及父母养育方式与儿童感觉统合功能的关系。方法 经瑞文推理测验初步筛选智力正常的儿童 6~ 9岁共 5 66人。采用“儿童生活环境调查表”、“感觉统合评定量表”、“儿童生活养育问卷 (EMBU)”等进行测评比较。结果 感觉统合失调率轻度为 1 8.4% ,重度为 6.76% ,男孩略高于女孩。 6~ 7岁组感觉统合失调率最低 ,与其它年龄组比较有统计学意义 ,P<0 .0 5。学习成绩差者感觉统合失调率最高 ,显著高于学习成绩上等和中等儿童。父母间的养育类型呈明显不相关 ,其中位于对角线上的相同养育类型的相关系数都是最大的。结论 学龄儿童感觉统合失调是学习困难的重要原因 ,多分布于学习成绩差者 ,感觉统合失调与父母养育方式关系密切 ,如拒绝和偏爱 ,平时孩子由非父母照料 ,家庭支持系统差和居住环境恶劣 ,父母对孩子不切实际的期望以及父亲年龄偏大和母亲年龄偏小等都对儿童感觉统合功能的发育造成负性影响  相似文献   

5.
我国研究工作者与教育工作者普遍用学习困难、差生、后进生等术语来描述智力。学校里学习上有困难,学习成绩远远落后于教育大纲要求的学生,主要表现为多动,精神不集中,记忆力差等。据报道发生率在学龄前儿童中约为3~28%,国内倾向于10%(l)。其病因复杂,近些年来国内试用中药治疗取得较为满意的疗效(2),但这种方法疗程较长。作者采用中医点穴治疗学习困难的学生,取得了较满意的结果。1临床资料1.l研究对象:以智力正常,但学习成绩不及格或老师评为差生,或上年度因学习成绩不好留级,同时伴有行为异常的本院门诊儿童为研究对…  相似文献   

6.
目的分析父母职业、学历对军医大学生学习动机、态度和成绩的影响。方法通过大学生学习动机简易评定量表和自制量表,比较父母不同职业和学历的军医大学生的学习动机、态度和成绩。结果除母亲学历不同的学员对学习成绩的期望值有所不同(χ2=32.906,P=0.047)外,父亲职业、学历、母亲职业、学历不同对军医大学生学习态度、对学习成绩的期望值、学习成绩没有影响(χ2=13.456,19.628,13.806,5.053,15.563,28.816,20.943,7.341,19.480,23.515,26.054;P0.05)。结论要减轻学员学习的心理负担,加强与其父母的沟通联系;要加强思想教育,端正学员的学习动机和态度。  相似文献   

7.
儿童学习成绩相关因素分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
采用50项提问智能测查法,对1106名学前儿童进行智商测查及入学后考试成绩进行了跟踪调查和差异分析,结果发现:儿童的教养条件、儿童父母的文化程度,职业及儿童的智能发育,性别等与学习成绩有关。  相似文献   

8.
目的:了解农村留守儿童生活质量并探讨其影响因素。方法:采用儿童少年生活质量量表(CQOL)和自编的一般情况调查表对901名农村中小学生进行调查与分析。结果:有16.5%的留守儿童生活质量处于差和较差等级,且留守儿童生活质量在总分及各维度上显著低于非留守儿童(t=-1.979,-2.647,-2.052,-2.406,-2.042;P0.05)。经多元回归分析发现,成绩、与父母联系频率、和照顾者聊天频率、照顾者管教程度均影响其社会心理功能得分(t=3.849,-3.402,-2.943,-2.678,4.008;P0.05),成绩影响其生理心理健康得分(t=2.580,P0.01),父母受教育程度与和照顾者聊天频率影响其生活环境得分(t=-3.727,4.478,P0.001),与父母联系频率、和照顾者聊天频率、父母期待获得的学历、照顾者的受教育程度影响其生活质量满意度得分(t=-2.749,-4.474,3.117,2.655;P0.05),与父母联系频率、和照顾者聊天频率、照顾者管教程度、照顾者的受教育程度、父母期待获得的学历、父母受教育程度影响其生活质量总分(t=-3.067,-4.098,-2.789,4.089,2.334,2.655;P0.05)。结论:农村留守儿童生活质量低于非留守儿童,学习成绩、与父母联系频率、和照顾者聊天频率、照顾者管教程度、照顾者的受教育程度、父母期待获得的学历、父母受教育程度等因素都在一定程度上影响留守儿童生活质量。  相似文献   

9.
目的:考察离异家庭监护父母的情绪智力与儿童情绪行为适应的关系,以及儿童希望感在其中的中介作用。方法:采用情绪智力量表(EIS)、长处与困难问卷(SDQ)和儿童希望感量表(CHS)对115名离异家庭儿童及其监护父母进行调查。结果:1离异家庭监护父母的情绪智力与儿童困难总分呈显著负相关,与儿童亲社会行为和希望感呈显著正相关。儿童希望感则与其困难总分呈显著负相关,与亲社会行为呈显著正相关;2离异家庭监护父母的情绪智力能负向预测儿童的困难总分,正向预测儿童的亲社会行为。儿童的希望感在上述关系中起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例分别为15.70%和21.39%。结论:离异家庭监护父母的情绪智力在一定程度上通过影响儿童的希望感作用于其情绪行为适应。  相似文献   

10.
父母文化和职业因素对婴儿能力发展的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 :研究父母文化水平及职业对 3 -9月龄婴儿早期能力发展的影响。方法 :采用分层抽样法选取 3、 6、 9月龄婴儿 3 0 0 0名 ,进行能力发展测定。结果 :多因子方差分析及多重比较显示 ,父亲受教育水平不同 ,6月龄婴儿的发育商、智力能区和 9月龄婴儿的DQ分均差异显著 ;父亲职业不同 ,3月龄及 9月龄的婴儿智力能区差异显著。母亲受教育水平不同 ,6、 9月龄婴儿DQ分差异显著 ;母亲职业不同 ,3、 6、9月龄婴儿智力能区差异均显著 ,6月龄婴儿DQ分差异显著 ,9月龄婴儿社会适应能区差异显著。结论 :父母与婴儿的交往、父母文化水平与职业均对婴儿早期能力发展有重要影响  相似文献   

11.
学习障碍儿童智力与行为特征分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
目的旨在对学习障碍(LD)儿童的智力与行为特征进行更深入、细致的了解与分析,以求尽早发现儿童学习障碍及尽早实施适当的干预.方法应用中国韦氏-儿童智力量表(C-WICS)与Conner's父母症状问卷对学习障碍儿童与对照组各50名进行测查与比较.结果LD儿童C-WICS测试的各项分测验量表分、言语量表分、操作量表分、全量表分、及言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)、总智商(IQ)均显著低于对照组,且LD组VIQ显著低于PIQ;行为特征如行为问题、学习问题、心身问题、冲动-多动指数及其他项目与对照组比较在统计学上有显著性差异.结论LD儿童存在智力结构不平衡和较多的行为问题,提示内在认知特点和外在环境因素直接或间接导致儿童的学习障碍.  相似文献   

12.
目的探讨初中生特质情绪智力的特点及其与学习倦怠之间的关系。方法采用特质情绪智力问卷青少年版简版(TEIQue-ASF)和学习倦怠问卷调查了726名初中1~3年级学生。结果1初中生在特质情绪智力的总分上不存在显著的性别差异(t=-0.715,P0.5),但在幸福感和情绪技巧2个维度上存在显著的性别差异(t=2,P0.05;t=-2.324,P0.05);2初中生的特质情绪智力存在显著的年级差异(F=20.93,P.001);3父母受教育程度越高,初中生的特质情绪智力得分越高(F=4.89,P0.01;F=5.58,P0.01);4初中生的特质情绪智力与学习倦怠存在显著负相关(t=-0.522,P0.001);5初中生的特质情绪智力可解释学习倦怠总变异的26.4%。结论初中生的特质情绪智力与年级和父母的受教育程度有关,并能有效预测其学习倦怠。  相似文献   

13.
More children with cancer are surviving, and the effects ofmedical treatments are of interest to patients, parents, educators,and the treatment team, since results may influence furthertreatment planning and delivery of educational services. Longitudinalinvestigations employing baseline measures are essential todistinguish preexisting learning problems from treatment effectsand transient effects from long-term sequelae. In this report,neuropsychological test performance is compared at baselineand 1 year postdiagnosis between 19 leukemia patients who receivedcentral nervous system and systemic chemotherapy and 19 patientswho received only systemic chemotherapy. Patients were evaluatedwith a comprehensive test battery developed for children toassess general intelligence, memory, language, academic achievement,and visual-spatial and constructional, tactile-perceptual, andfine-motor skills. No significant treatment group, time, orinteraction effects were obtained for higher order cognitiveabilities (intelligence, memory, language, academic achievement).Mean scores for both groups on these measures were within thenormal range. Significant treatment group effects were obtainedon tasks requiring fine-motor and tactile-perceptual skills.An interaction effect was noted on the tactile-perceptual test,in which the performace of one group improved, while that ofthe other group declined. Results are discussed in relationto the preservation of higher order cofnitive abilities andthe peripheral effects of systemically administered chemotherapies.  相似文献   

14.
Antecedents of School Problems in Children Born Preterm   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Data from a prospective longitudinal study of a group of infantsborn preterm were used to study early antecedents of schoollearning problems. Twenty-two children with learning problemswere compared to 67 children without problems on multiple earliermeasures of medical, neurobehavioral, cognitive, and socialfactors during the first 2 years of life and on concurrent functioningat 8 years. The results indicated that early hazardous medicalevents were not associated with later learning problems. Differenceswere found in the infants'own behaviors. The group with learningproblems scored significantly lower during early infancy onlyon measures of neurobehavioral functioning conducted at termdate. There were no differences on developmental measures duringthe 1st year of life although differences appeared in the 2ndyear of life. The learning problem group also scored lower onmeasures of language and nonverbal symbolic functioning in thesecond year of life. At 8 years, learning problem children haddifficulty with verbal comprehension and freedom from distractibilityfactors on the WISC-R. They were not different on behavior problemsas rated by their parents and teachers.  相似文献   

15.
目的:探讨难管教儿童的心理健康及其父母教养方式.方法:随机抽取长沙某特殊训练营学校的难管教儿童120名和普通中学生105名,用EMBU来评估父母教养方式,用SCL-90来评估难管教儿童的心理健康水平.结果:难管教儿童的心理健康水平显著低于常模.普通中学生父母教养方式的情感温暖的得分显著高于难管教儿童:而普通中学生的父亲惩罚严厉、父亲过分干涉、父亲拒绝否认、父亲过度保护、母亲干涉保护、母亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉的得分显著低于难管教儿童.结论:难管教儿童心理健康水平较低,其父母较多使用消极的教养方式,较少的使用积极教养方式.  相似文献   

16.
高中生语文学习自我效能感调查研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的调查高中生语文学习自我效能感的现状。方法采用随机抽样的方法,选取唐山市3所高中的200名学生进行问卷调查。结果在语文学习自我效能感方面,男、女生总体上没有显著性差异;父母文化程度与高中生语文学习自我效能感之间存在显著性差异。结论父母亲的文化程度与高中生的语文学习自我效能感密切相关。  相似文献   

17.
《Genetics in medicine》2013,15(4):274-281
PurposeThe goal of this first-of-its-kind qualitative study was to examine the awareness, attitudes, and experiences among parents of autistic children regarding autism genetic testing.MethodsWe conducted in-depth, individual, and semistructured interviews with 42 parents of autistic children with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed, and coded into major themes and subthemes.ResultsApproximately one-quarter of participants had two or more autistic children, and about half of them were ethnic/racial minorities. The majority of participants postulated favorable attitudes toward autism genetic testing for three main reasons: early intervention and treatment, identifying the etiology of autism, and informed family planning. Nevertheless, among parents who had taken their children for genetic testing, some expressed frustration and questioned the competency of their providers in interpreting test results. Asian parents and those with a low socioeconomic status expressed lower awareness and tended to have more limited access to autism genetic testing.ConclusionAs health-care providers play a vital role in providing genetic services and education, these professionals should be educated and be sensitive to the needs of parents with autistic children. Further quantitative research is required to examine the effects of socio-demographic factors on parents’ awareness, attitudes, and experiences regarding autism genetic testing.Genet Med 2013:15(4):274–281  相似文献   

18.
Allergic children suffering from learning disabilities, hyperactivity, fatigue, incoordination and irritability who were treated by conventional allergic methods showed a marked improvement in ability to learn, reduction of hyperactivity and incoordination, and ability to perform intelligence tests. The objective neurological studies showed no consistent changes as a result of one year of allergy therapy.  相似文献   

19.
儿童学习障碍的相关因素分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 了解影响儿童学习障碍 ( LD)的相关因素。方法 对 1 84例 LD儿童的影响学习障碍发生相关危险因素进行了单因素分析与多因素逐步回归分析。结果 母孕期营养状况差 ,父母亲职业层次低 ,父母亲上学时成绩不好 ,父亲文化水平低 ,父母关系差 ,家长对孩子期望值低及智商等因素为儿童 LD发生的危险因素 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论  LD的发生与家庭相关因素有密切关系  相似文献   

20.
Communication within low income families and the management of asthma   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This study examines the effects of communication between low income urban parents and children about a chronic disease on the extent to which parent and child effectively manage the illness. Four asthma communication factors were identified by principal component analysis. We found that mothers whose preferred language was Spanish, and families who were not receiving public assistance, communicated more frequently about asthma in general. Spanish speaking mothers and their children communicated more about potential home treatments for asthma, and the more adults in the household the less there was communication about the need for emergency services for asthma. Mothers who preferred to speak Spanish had higher levels of management of the most recent asthma attack. Those whose children communicated with them about asthma in general were higher level managers. Children who influenced their parents' decisions about school attendance, and those whose mothers were more highly educated, had higher levels of asthma attack management. More educated mothers, ones whose children were younger at the time of the onset of asthma, and one who received public assistance, were more involved "in general" in their child's asthma care.  相似文献   

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