血清中MC5—Ag检测对大肠癌的诊断价值

ＭＣ５是由本实验室建立的鼠抗人结肠癌单克隆抗体，已证实在消化道肿瘤的免疫组化诊断中有较高价值。本文采用ＭＣ５和刀豆素Ａ（Ｃｏｎ－Ａ）建立的ＭｃＡｂ－Ｃｏｎ－Ａ ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，对１０８例消化道肿瘤患者血清中ＭＣ５－Ａｇ水平进行检测，结果表明大癌的阳性率为５８％，消化道其它恶性肿瘤的阳性率为３７％，经Ｕ检验分析两组间存在显著性差异。消化道良性疾病的阳性率为１０％。ＭＣ５－Ａｇ对大肠癌诊断的敏感性和特     

血清肿瘤标志物和乳腺钼靶在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶和血清肿瘤标志物在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年10月在我院明确诊断的104例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,按照乳腺肿块大小分别统计乳腺钼靶和血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA153和CA125检测结果,对两种检查方法阳性符合率进行比较,探讨其在乳腺癌诊断中的意义.结果 乳腺肿瘤直径＜2cm组、2～ 5cm组、＞5cm组,钼靶结果阳性率分别为76.7％,87.5％,94.4％;肿瘤标志物联合诊断阳性率分别为33.3％,62.2％,100％.结论 在乳腺癌诊断中,钼靶诊断是乳腺癌诊断的重要方法,其诊断阳性率明显高于血清肿瘤标志物诊断;血清肿瘤标志物在晚期肿瘤中阳性率明显高于早期肿瘤,其在癌症复发监测、肿瘤疗效评价中的有较高价值.     

CA—50,CEA检测对消化道肿瘤的诊断价值（附81例临床分析）

本文报道了81例消化道肿瘤患者血清CA-50、CEA RIA检测结果及联检阳性率分析,并进行了诊断价值上的比较,现报道如下。 对象和方法 一、对象:全部病例均为住院病人。81例(男50例,女31例),年龄29～73岁,平均61岁。均经B超、内窥镜、X线、CT等检查明确诊断消化道肿瘤。其中39例经手术或病理证实。81例中,食管癌5例;胃癌16例;肝癌24例;胰腺癌18例;结肠癌18例。 二、方法: (一)CA-50放免试剂盒采用中国医学科学院肿瘤研究所提供。操作按说明书。诊断界值>20ku/L。 (二)CEA放免试剂盒由上海放射免疫分析技术研究所提供。按说明书操作。诊断界值>20ng/mL。 (三)仪器;上海技术监督局实验工厂产FMJ-87型全自动γ-计数器。 结果 两种检测方法对消化道肿瘤诊断阳性率及联检阳性率比较见表1。 讨论 由于单克隆抗体制备技术的发展,使放射免疫测定技术得以广泛应用。目前CEA放免检测诊断消化道肿瘤已作为临床常规,但CA-50放免检测尚未被临床普遍重视。CA-50是肿瘤相关抗原,为一种粘液糖蛋白,对诊断肿瘤方面具有较高价值。尤其是胰腺癌病人血清中CA-50升高明显。从表1可知,胰腺癌CA-50放免阳性率(66.7％)较高;明显高于CEA阳性塞(16.7％),P<0.05(有显著差异);其联检阳性率明显增高(72.2％),肝癌     

大肠癌肿瘤标志物联合多层螺旋CT检查在大肠癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨大肠癌患者血清肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA19-9、CA242、CA50、CA72-4)的含量变化,联合多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查,评价两者联合检测对大肠癌诊断的意义.方法 回顾性研究唐山市人民医院2012年7月至2014年5月间80例健康体检者、78例肠道良性病变患者(结肠炎30例,结、直肠息肉48例)、96例大肠癌患者(直肠癌50例,结肠癌46例)的肿瘤标志物含量及影像学变化,应用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析.结果 大肠癌患者肿瘤标志物水平明显高于健康对照组及大肠良性病变组.肿瘤标志物联合诊断大肠癌的阳性率达93.75％,特异性为91.25％,优于单项肿瘤标志物检测;多层螺旋CT对大肠癌诊断的阳性率为91.67％,特异性为98.75％;大肠癌肿瘤标志物联合多层螺旋CT诊断大肠癌的阳性率可达100％,特异性91.25％,与健康对照组及大肠良性病变组比较,差异均具统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 大肠癌肿瘤标志物、多层螺旋CT对大肠癌诊断各有优点及不足,两者联合检测有助于大肠癌的诊断及鉴别诊断.     

CEA、CA50在大肠癌诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原CA50（CA50）在大肠癌患者诊断中的价值，并评价联检的意义。方法：采用放射免疫分析（RIA）和免疫放射分析（IRMA）对136例大肠癌患者进行血清CEA、CA50检测，并进行相关分析。结果：大肠癌患者血清CEA、CA50含量明显高于对照组，差异显著（P〈0．01），而大肠良性疾病组血清CEA、CA50含量与对照组相比无显著差异（P〉0．05）。联检血清CEA、CA50含量比单项检测大肠癌阳性率高，可达79．4％。结论：血清CEA、CA50在大肠癌诊疗中有重要价值，联检可提高大肠癌诊断的阳性率。     

检测胃癌患者血清与胃液中MGdl-Ag的诊断价值

将外源性凝集素刀豆素A包被于ELISA板上,与检测血清或胃液反应后,封闭,用单抗MGd1-酶标SPA检测,以探讨鼠抗人胃癌单抗MGd1相应抗原(MGd1-Ag)在胃癌诊断中的意义。共检测血清183份(胃癌患者142例,正常人41例),胃液97份(胃癌患者72例,良性胃病患者25例)。结果显示:在118例未手术胃癌患者中,阳性58例,占49.2％;而24例胃癌切除术后患者中阳性4例,占16.7％;正常人阳性者为24.0％。胃癌患者胃液阳性率为41.7％,而良性胃病患者仅为4.0％。实验结果提示血清、胃液之中MGd1-Ag的检测对胃癌具有一定的诊断价值。     

乙肝患者外膜蛋白血清学检测及对于判定HBV DNA复制的意义

目的探讨HBV感染者血清中PreS1-Ag、PreS2．Ag、大蛋白（LP）的检测意义及其对判定HBV复制的意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测201例HBV感染血清的PreS1-Ag、PreS2-Ag、HBV-LP及HBVM，同时应用荧光定量PCR方法检测HBVDNA。结果PreS1-Ag、PreS2-Ag、LP、HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义，PreS2-Ag、LP检出阳性率均高于HBeAg；LP的检出阳性率与HBVDNA的检出阳性率相关性有统计学意义，且HBV DNA拷贝数的对数值与HBV-LP表达呈正相关。结论PreS1-Ag、PreS2-Ag、LP较准确的反映乙肝病毒的复制情况，是HBVM有益的必要补充；血清中HBV-LP的含量与HBVDNA的拷贝数具有较好的相关性。     

血清酪氨酸含量与血清热不凝现象关系的研究

在肿瘤诊断的研究中,见到了一种异常现象,即加热血清不凝固。依此现象,曾对肿瘤患者血清进行了观察。我们称加热不凝的血清为阳性、加热凝固者为阴性。实验证明,40例胃癌患者,30例阳性,占75％。其它消化道肿瘤也有一定阳性率。为探讨这种热不凝现象,我们首先进行了血清酪氨酸含量的分析。     

胃癌直肠癌患者血清PHA识别的糖蛋白表达的初步研究

从分子水平探讨胃癌和直肠癌患者血清PHA识别的糖蛋白糖链结构表达的特异性及其与肿瘤发生,诊断和治疗的关系,建立了一种血清 PHA 识别的糖蛋白糖链 ELISA 检测方法,并对直肠癌,手术治疗前后的胃癌患者,良性消化道疾病患者及正常人血清进行检测,结果表明59例胃癌患者血清 PHA 识别的糖蛋白表达阳性率为71.2％;16例直肠癌患者阳性率为50.0％,而良性疾病患者为15.2％(5/33),正常人仅为 7.7％(2/26)。14例阳性胃癌患者行胃癌根治术后2～3周阳性者仅为2例。初步提示血清PHA识别的糖蛋白的检测对胃癌、直肠癌的诊断具有一定意义。     

sTn抗原和CA242、CA19-9及CEA联合检测对胃肠道肿瘤的诊断价值

探讨血清肿瘤标志物糖链抗原sTn、糖链抗原242(CA242)、糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌胚抗原(CEA)对胃肠道肿瘤的诊断价值.采用RIA对30例健康成人和60例不同的胃肠道肿瘤患者血清进行测定.结果表明,胃癌和大肠癌患者血清sTn、CA242、CA19-9和CEA值均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),大肠癌组CEA、CA19-9和CA242浓度显著高于胃癌组(P＜0.01),而sTn浓度显著低于胃癌组(P＜0.01).血清sTn、CA242、CA19-9和CEA的阳性率随临床分期的增加而增加,Ⅳ期阳性率显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期(P＜0.01).四种肿瘤标志物联合检测,对胃癌的敏感性较单项显著提高(P＜0.05);对大肠癌敏感性较单项CA19-9或sTn显著提高(P＜0.05).四种肿瘤标志物对于胃肠道肿瘤的诊断有一定意义,不同肿瘤标志物组合后可以提高胃癌的检出率.     

外周血CK-20基因表达与大肠癌微转移关系的研究

目的:探讨靶基因CK-20在直肠癌患者外周血中的表达及与肿瘤微转移的关系。方法:应用套式RT-PCR方法检测10例健康成人,17例非恶性消化系统疾病患者,32例大肠癌患者外周血中的肿瘤细胞。结果:①正常对照组及非大肠癌对照组均未检出CK-20mRNA阳性细胞;②大肠癌组中,2例A期患者CK-20mRNA均呈阴性,15例B期患者中阳性4例;10例C期患者中阳性6例;5例D期患者中阳性4例;③在32例大肠癌患者中CK-20mRNA阳性总检出率为43.8%;A、B期阳性率为23.5%;C、D期阳性率为66.7%。结论:应用RT-PCR法检测外周血瘤细胞的CK-20靶基因对大肠癌具有特异、敏感、无损伤等特点,它可能有助于肿瘤经血液微转移的早期诊断以及指导化疗。     

Gastrointestinal tract cancer screening using fecal carcinoembryonic antigen

There is a great need to detect gastrointestinal tract cancer at an early stage. It is well known that most carcinoma tissues of the gastrointestinal tract contain carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Stools are a rich source of cells derived from the gastrointestinal tract. We analyzed total fecal CEA in 60 gastrointestinal tract cancer patients, 20 benign gastrointestinal tract disorder patients, and 240 normal controls, using a simple, reliable method. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of fecal CEA with those of serum CEA and fecal occult blood test (FOBT). The level of fecal CEA in gastrointestinal tract cancer was much higher than controls (44.1 +/- 70.1 ng/mg stool vs 3.7 +/- 3.5 ng/mg stool, p < 0.001) and was not increased in benign gastrointestinal disorders (4.5 +/- 8.2 ng/mg stool). Fecal CEA level was > 10 ng/mg stool in 22 of 32 samples (69%)from stomach cancer patients and 24 of 28 samples (86%)from colorectal cancer patients. The sensitivity of serum CEA (> 5 ng/ml) was 19% in stomach cancer and 39% in colorectal cancer, whereas the sensitivity of FOBT was 13% in stomach cancer and 21% in colorectal cancer. The specificity of fecal CEA was 90% in benign gastrointestinal tract disorders and 93% in normal controls. This specificity was similar to those of serum CEA and FOBT. In conclusion, fecal CEA measurement is superior to serum CEA or FOBT for detection of gastrointestinal tract cancer. Fecal CEA may become the screening test of choice for gastrointestinal tract cancer.     

E-cadherin and cytokeratin subtype profiling in effusion cytology

Diagnostic utility of E-cadherin (E-CD) and cytokeratin (CK) subtype profiling in effusion cytology was investigated, employing immunocytochemistry on cellblock sections available from 211 metastatic carcinomas (MC), 6 mesotheliomas and 73 reactive mesothelial hyperplasias (MH). E-CD and monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (mCEA) stained 85% (120/141) and 65% (138/211) of MC, respectively. E-CD staining of MC was frequently heterogeneous (76/120) and absent in all anaplastic carcinomas (0/2). E-CD stained none (0/57) of MH while mCEA and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) stained 12% (9/73) and 32% (16/32) of MH, respectively. Of 6 mesotheliomas, E-CD focally stained in 2 while mCEA stained none and EMA stained all. CK20 and CK17 stained none of MH or mesotheliomas. CK20 stained 15% of MC and CK 17 stained 22% of MC. CK5/6 and high molecular weight CK stained all mesotheliomas, 56% and 88% of MH, 26% and 39% of MC, respectively. MC showed predominant CK7+/20-expression, with the exceptions of MC from mucinous type of colon/rectum and ovary showing predominant CK20 positive. E-CD may be a useful positive marker for MC in effusion cytology, although it may focally stain in some mesotheliomas. Any positive staining for CK20 of MC suggests MC from the gastrointestinal tract or ovary among others.     

High nuclear expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase in tumor cells in colorectal glands is associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer

Extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) is a major downstream transducer of Ras and plays an important role in transducing extracellular signals to the nuclei of cells. It is located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells. The nuclear localization of phosphorylated or activated ERK is involved in the invasive behavior of tumor cells. We studied the association between Ras mutation/ERK activation and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. We analyzed 126 surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens for K-Ras mutation using direct sequencing. Activation/phosphorylation of ERK was assayed by immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray, and the staining intensity was analyzed using a semiquantitative scoring system. K-Ras mutations were detected in 32.5% (41/126) of the colorectal tumors. Colorectal glands are important functional organs in colorectal tissue and form the origin of colorectal carcinomas. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistry tests showed that tumors in colorectal cancer specimens were significantly stained for phospho-ERK (100%; 126/126), whereas nonneoplastic colorectal glands mainly showed faint phosphorylated ERK staining. High nuclear phospho-ERK expression in tumors was associated with highly invasive cancer stage and T status of the disease. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that nuclear but not cytoplasmic phosphorylated ERK expression correlated with the patients' overall survival rate (P = .039). Colorectal adenomas including tubular adenomas and tubulovillous adenomas mainly showed weak cytoplasmic phospho-ERK expression. Our results suggest that immunohistologic analysis of phosphorylated ERK expression in colorectal glands may aid the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and that nuclear phosphorylated ERK might be a valuable prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.     

Utility of cytokeratin 20 in identifying the origin of metastatic carcinomas in effusions

Using a commercially available monoclonal antibody (K_s20.1) and the avidin-biotin peroxidase method on cytospins and cell blocks, we analyzed cytokeratin (CK) 20 expression in 169 serous effusions. Cytoplasmic staining was observed in 44/151 malignant fluids. Colon, gastric, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas and mucinous ovarian tumors were most frequently positive. Single cases of transitional-cell and squamous cell carcinomas were reactive as well. Lung and breast cancers were mostly negative. Nonmucinous ovarian tumors were invariably unlabeled as were mesotheliomas and normal mesothelial cells. the study shows that CK 20 is valuable in distinguishing tumor cell origin in effusions. in particular, it identifies a set of carcinomas with the majority arising from the gastrointestinal tract, and represents a highly characteristic marker for colorectal cancer. © 1995 Wiley- Liss, Inc.