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1.
骨骼结构完整性和骨量的维持需要一定的力学刺激。研究表明,力学刺激可通过调控多种调节因子(例如激素、转录因子和信号分子等)参与骨重建过程。力学刺激可以通过调控微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)表达在骨重建过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而,受力学刺激调控的miRNA在骨重建过程中的作用和机制尚不完全清楚。本文综述受力学刺激调控的miRNA在骨重建过程中的作用及其机制,并强调其在治疗骨质疏松中的潜在应用。  相似文献   

2.
骨骼的生长、发育和维持都与骨组织重建有着密切的关系,随着生物力学、组织工程、细胞生物学等学科的迅速发展,骨科相关疾病及其治疗的研究形成了多学科交叉、渗透的趋势,力学生物学已经成为研究骨重建的重要方法。本文对近年来骨重建的力学生物学相关研究工作进行整理和总结,希望为骨重建的研究、骨组织工程修复骨缺损和临床治疗相关骨科疾病的诊治提供理论基础。  相似文献   

3.
Wnt信号通路是参与体内多种器官发育和组织新陈代谢的保守性通路,可分为经典和非经典Wnt信号通路.其中,经典Wnt信号通路通过调节下游的成骨相关转录因子调控细胞成骨分化、骨基质形成和矿化,且在细胞分化的不同阶段发挥不同的调控作用.此外,经典Wnt信号通路还调控牙周组织干细胞成骨分化,该作用受外界微环境的影响.加深对经典Wnt信号通路的认识有助于治疗相关的骨疾病.  相似文献   

4.
长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是真核细胞中存在着一些非编码RNA,lncRNA通过参与转录调控、RNA的剪切和修饰、mRNA的稳定和翻译调控、蛋白质的稳定和转运、染色体的形成和结构等细胞重要功能来调控胚胎发育、组织分化、器官形成等基本的生命活动,lncRNA有可能成为癌症及神经系统等疾病中新的生物标志物和药物治疗的靶点。本文从lncRNA的概况、lncRNA在神经系统及神经系统疾病中的作用等方面对近年来lncRNA在神经系统中的研究进展进行总结归纳,以期为进一步的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
随着第3代高通量测序技术和组织工程的发展,近年来研究发现,许多长链非编码RNA(long-chain non-coding RNAs,LncRNAs)在力学调节间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)的成骨分化中起重要作用。力学因素调控相关的LncRNAs,然后LncRNAs通过转录、转录后以及表观遗传等多层次发挥调节作用,进一步调控骨相关细胞功能。LncRNAs也可能作为力学响应分子参与MSCs成骨分化、骨重建以及骨骼系统疾病的病理过程。  相似文献   

6.
长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)广泛参与生物体的各种生理与病理过程。lncRNA作为肿瘤致癌因子或抑癌因子参与恶性肿瘤的多种生物过程,与恶性肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。赖氨酰氧化酶样蛋白1-反义RNA1(LOXL1-AS1)是近年来发现的一种lncRNA,其在多种恶性肿瘤中表达上调,并与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、患者预后等病理特征相关。LOXL1-AS1通过与多种微小RNA竞争性结合,调节下游靶基因的表达及调控相关信号通路发挥促癌作用。该文通过总结LOXL1-AS1参与多种人类恶性肿瘤的生物学过程,不同的分子调控机制影响肿瘤细胞增殖、转移、侵袭和凋亡等恶性生物学行为,探讨潜在的临床意义和应用前景,以期为恶性肿瘤的临床诊断、治疗和筛选预后标志物提供理论基础和参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
骨骼与骨骼肌作为运动系统最重要的组织,两者之间存在密切的联系。骨肌单元的概念提出已久,运动产生的力学负荷将两者紧密地联系在一起。骨骼为骨骼肌施力提供力学支撑,而骨骼肌收缩带动机体的运动。在机体运动过程中,骨骼肌充当力学负荷与骨骼之间的中间媒介,并通过内分泌因子以及力学信号调节骨骼的代谢活动,与机体内持续不断的骨重建密切相关,并维持骨骼良好的结构和功能。主要综述近年来骨骼肌通过对骨骼施加力学刺激影响骨重建作用的研究进展,为预防和治疗骨代谢疾病提供新的思路。  相似文献   

8.
骨形成和骨吸收是骨稳态维持的两个重要过程,骨稳态失衡可导致多种骨代谢疾病的发生。长链非编码RNAs(lncRNAs)是一类几乎不具有编码功能的RNAs,在调节基因表达、生命发育及疾病发生发展中起重要调控作用。在骨代谢疾病中多种lncRNAs表达异常,lncRNAs通过调节成软骨分化、成骨分化和骨基质矿化过程,调控骨的形成。并通过影响破骨细胞的分化和成熟,参与骨吸收过程的调节。  相似文献   

9.
长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)指不编码蛋白质的基因转录产物,参与多种生物学过程,其异常表达与许多疾病有关。lncRNA在免疫调节中发挥重要作用,参与固有免疫与适应性免疫过程,与自身免疫性疾病有关。近年来研究发现,lncRNA可在mRNA转录、蛋白质翻译和修饰等过程中发挥调控作用;且可与转录激活物共同作用于基因座的敏感位点,调控自身免疫性疾病的发生发展,这提示lncRNA具有成为疾病诊断生物标志物的潜能。然而,大部分研究尚停留在差异性表达层面,涉及具体作用机制的研究报道仍较少。鉴于其在自身免疫性疾病临床诊断方面的较大应用价值,进一步的相关研究值得关注。  相似文献   

10.
长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)与微小RNA(miRNA)之间存在相互调控关系。lncRNA可作为一种竞争性内源性RNA(ceRNA)与miRNA相互作用,参与靶基因的表达调控,反之,miRNA可通过RNA诱导沉默复合物(RISC)调控lncRNA发挥生物学功能,两者共同参与多种疾病的发生。  相似文献   

11.
目的探讨动载荷作用下骨重建的力学调控机制。方法对骨重建力学调控机制进行分析,吸纳力学疲劳强度理论思想,提出动载荷作用下骨重建力学调控机制;选取损伤作为力学激励,建立动载荷骨重建模型;分析动态载荷成骨效果优于静态载荷现象,数值模拟运动防治骨质疏松。结果动态载荷成骨效果优于静态载荷现象得到较为合理的解释;运动量增加10%~30%,骨密度增加3.13%~8.61%。结论动载荷作用下骨重建的力学调控机制可为机械振动防治骨代谢相关疾病提供理论指导,是骨重建力学调控理论的补充和完善。  相似文献   

12.
The pattern of bone remodeling of one of the most peculiar mammals in the world, the naked mole-rat (NMR), was assessed. NMRs are known for their long lifespans among rodents and for having low metabolic rates. We assessed long-term in vivo bone labeling of subordinate individuals, as well as the patterns of bone resorption and bone remodeling in a large sample including reproductive and non-reproductive individuals (n = 70). Over 268 undecalcified thin cross-sections from the midshaft of humerus, ulna, femur and tibia were analyzed with confocal fluorescence and polarized light microscopy. Fluorochrome analysis revealed low osteogenesis, scarce bone resorption and infrequent formation of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) (i.e., slow bone turnover), thus most likely reflecting the low metabolic rates of this species. Secondary osteons occurred regardless of reproductive status. However, considerable differences in the degree of bone remodeling were found between breeders and non-breeders. Pre-reproductive stages (subordinates) exhibited quite stable skeletal homeostasis and bone structure, although the attainment of sexual maturity and beginning of reproductive cycles in female breeders triggered a series of anabolic and catabolic processes that up-regulate bone turnover, most likely associated with the increased metabolic rates of reproduction. Furthermore, bone remodeling was more frequently found in stylopodial elements compared to zeugopodial elements. Despite the limited bone remodeling observed in NMRs, the variation in the pattern of skeletal homeostasis (interelement variation) reported here represents an important aspect to understand the skeletal dynamics of a small mammal with low metabolic rates. Given the relevance of the remodeling process among mammals, this study also permitted the comparison of such process with the well-documented histomorphology of extinct therapsids (i.e., mammalian precursors), thus evidencing that bone remodeling and its endocortical compartmentalization represent ancestral features among the lineage that gave rise to mammals. It is concluded that other factors associated with development (and not uniquely related to biomechanical loading) can also have an important role in the development of bone remodeling.  相似文献   

13.
While it has been long appreciated that biomechanical forces are involved in bone remodeling and repair, the actual mechanism by which a physical force is translated to the corresponding intracellular signal has largely remained a mystery. To date, most biomechanical research has concentrated upon the effect on bone morphology and architecture, and it is only recently that the complex cellular and molecular pathways involved in this process (called mechanotransduction) are being described. In this paper, we review the current understanding of bone mechanobiology and highlight the implications for clinical medicine and tissue engineering research.  相似文献   

14.
Numerous studies have shown that human bone has the ability to remodel itself to better adapt to its biomechanical environment by changing both its material properties and geometry. As a consequence of the rapid development and extensive applications of dental implants, the effect of bone remodeling on the success of a dental restorative surgery is becoming critical for implant design and pre-surgical assessment. This article provides an extensive review on the issues of mandibular and maxillary bone remodeling as a result of dental implantation. Following the success of remodeling-driven orthopedic design from the long bone community, substantial clinical/experimental data of implantation have been driving the development of corresponding remodeling laws and algorithms to various dental settings, of which it is believed to contain potential to significantly impact on futuristic dental implant design. In this paper, the published remodeling data is analyzed and different biomechanical remodeling stimuli are assessed. The established relationships between bone density and corresponding mechanical properties are outlined and a range of potential methods of predicting the mandible and maxilla remodeling are critically evaluated and compared. It is anticipated that this will provide a better understanding of implant-induced bone remodeling and help develop a new design framework for patient-specific dental implantation.  相似文献   

15.
With the rapid aging of the world population, the issue of skeletal health is becoming more prominent and urgent. The bone remodeling mechanism has sparked great interest among bone research societies. At the same time, increasing clinical and experimental evidence has driven attention towards the pivotal role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is thought to be partially controlled by the hypothalamus, a process which is mediated by the adrenergic nerves and neurotransmitters. Currently, new knowledge about the role of the SNS in the development and pathophysiology of osteoporosis is being generated. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence that proves the involvement of the SNS in bone metabolism and to outline some common osteoporotic diseases that occur under different circumstances. The adrenergic signaling pathway and its neurotransmitters are involved to various degrees of importance in the development of osteoporosis in postmenopause, as well as in spinal cord injury, depression, unloading and the complex regional pain syndrome. In addition, clinical and pharmacological studies have helped to increase the comprehension of the adrenergic signaling pathway. We try to individually examine the contributions of the SNS in osteoporotic diseases from a different perspective. It is our hope that a further understanding of the adrenergic signaling by the SNS will pave the way for conceptualizing optimal treatment regimens for osteoporosis in the near future.  相似文献   

16.
Fibroblast growth factor signaling in skeletal development and disease   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways are essential regulators of vertebrate skeletal development. FGF signaling regulates development of the limb bud and formation of the mesenchymal condensation and has key roles in regulating chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone and mineral homeostasis. This review updates our review on FGFs in skeletal development published in Genes & Development in 2002, examines progress made on understanding the functions of the FGF signaling pathway during critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explores the mechanisms by which mutations in FGF signaling molecules cause skeletal malformations in humans. Links between FGF signaling pathways and other interacting pathways that are critical for skeletal development and could be exploited to treat genetic diseases and repair bone are also explored.  相似文献   

17.
To meet the growing need for tissue replacement materials for our aging population, the development of new adaptive biomaterials is essential. The tissues with the highest demand for implant materials are skin and bone. These tissues share various similarities, including signaling pathways and extracellular matrix composition. Glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate are the major organic extracellular matrix components. They modulate the attraction of skin and bone precursor cells and their subsequent differentiation and gene expression and regulate the action of proteins essential to bone and skin regeneration. The precise action of glycosaminoglycans varies according to their structural composition mainly in respect to the degree of sulfation and polymer length. Changes in the glycosaminoglycan composition are frequently seen in physiological and pathological remodeling processes, such as bone formation or scaring. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of how the most common glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan, interact with bone and skin cells, and summarize their potential in tissue engineering for skeletal and skin diseases.  相似文献   

18.
Eph receptors and ephrin signaling pathways: a role in bone homeostasis   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The maintenance of bone homeostasis is tightly controlled, and largely dependent upon cellular communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and the coupling of bone resorption to bone formation. This tight coupling is essential for the correct function and maintenance of the skeletal system, repairing microscopic skeletal damage and replacing aged bone. A range of pathologic diseases, including osteoporosis and cancer-induced bone disease, disrupt this coupling and cause subsequent alterations in bone homeostasis. Eph receptors and their associated ligands, ephrins, play critical roles in a number of cellular processes including immune regulation, neuronal development and cancer metastasis. Eph receptors are also expressed by cells found within the bone marrow microenvironment, including osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and there is increasing evidence to implicate this family of receptors in the control of normal and pathological bone remodeling.  相似文献   

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